Competenza di riferimento per la lezione/uf. dedotta dal Piano Formativo specifico. Titolo: DISPENSA INGLESE-GRAMMATICANDO INSIEME (CLASSI QUARTE)

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1 Titolo: DISPENSA INGLESE-GRAMMATICANDO INSIEME (CLASSI QUARTE) Area: LINGUAGGI Autore: PROF.SSA BIGNAMI SONIA Competenza di riferimento per la lezione/uf dedotta dal Piano Formativo specifico TESTO ED IMMAGINI SONO A CURA DELLA DOCENTE, NON SONO STATI PRESI DA ALCUN TIPO DI LIBRO, MA E STATA VISIONATA LA SEGUENTE BIBLIOGRAFIA ED UTILIZZATE LE PROVE ESAME ANNI 2012/2013/2014: Fiocchi Patrizia, Jordan Edward (2008), Steps 1, Editrice La Scuola Fiocchi Patrizia, Jordan Edward (2008), Steps 2, Editrice La Scuola

2 DISPENSA DI INGLESE Grammaticando insieme Classi quarte A cura della docente Prof.ssa Bignami Sonia 2

3 PARTI DEL DISCORSO SOSTANTIVO (NOUN) : INDICA UNA PERSONA, COSA, ANIMALE CHE COMPIE UN AZIONE ESEMPIO: A STUDENT, A PEN, A DOG VERBO (VERB) : INDICA UN AZIONE COMPIUTA DAL SOGGETTO ESEMPIO: TO GO, TO BE, CAN AGGETTIVO (ADJECTIVE) : INDICA LA QUALITA DEL SOGGETTO, PUO ESSERE QUALIFICATIVO, POSSESSIVO, DI NAZIONALITA ESEMPIO: MY, NICE, BIG, ENGLISH AVVERBIO (ADVERB) : SPECIFICA QUANDO E DOVE E AVVENUTA UN AZIONE, COME SI FA QUALCOSA ESEMPIO : KINDLY, NOW, SLOWLY PRONOME (PRONOUN) : AL POSTO DEL SOGGETTO, PUO ESSERE PERSONALE SOGGETTO (I, YOU ) O PRONOME COMPLEMENTO OGGETTO (ME, THEM ) O PRONOME POSSESSIVO (MINE, YOURS ) CONGIUNZIONE (CONJUNCTION) : UNISCE DUE PAROLE O DUE FRASI (AND, OR, SO, BECAUSE ) PREPOSIZIONE (PREPOSITION) : INTRODUCE UN COMPLEMENTO (AT, ON, IN, BY ) INTERIEZIONE (INTERJECTION) : ESCLAMAZIONE CON IL PUNTO ESCLAMATIVO (HI!, HEY!, OH NO!...) ARTICOLO (ARTICLE) : VIENE USATO PER INTRODURRE UN SOSTANTIVO, PUO ESSERE DETERMINATIVO (THE) O INDETERMINATIVO (A, AN) 3

4 WHO-WHAT-WHICH-WHERE-WHEN-WHY-HOW SONO LE QUESTION WORDS E SI CHIAMANO COSI PERCHE SERVONO AD INTRODDURE DELLE DOMANDE WHO = CHI WHO ARE YOU? I M MARY CHI SEI? SONO MARY WHAT = CHE COSA/QUALE TRA UN NUMERO ELEVATO DI SCELTE WHAT IS YOUR NAME? IT S PAUL QUALE E IL TUO NOME? PAUL WHICH = CHE COSA/ QUALE TRA UN NUMERO LIMITATO DI SCELTE WHICH IS YOUR NAME? LUCA OR PIERO? QUALE E IL TUO NOME? LUCA O PIERO? WHERE = DOVE WHERE ARE YOU FROM? I COME FROM MILAN DA DOVE VIENI? VENGO DA MILANO 4

5 WHEN = QUANDO WHEN IS YOUR BIRTHDAY? TOMORROW QUANDO E IL TUO COMPLEANNO? DOMANI WHY = PERCHE (SOLO NELLE DOMANDE, NELLE RISPOSTE SI USA BECAUSE) WHY ARE YOU HAPPY? BECAUSE THE SCHOOL IS NOT OPEN PERCHE SEI FELICE? PERCHE LA SCUOLA NON E APERTA HOW = COME HOW ARE YOU? I AM FINE COME STAI? STO BENE! 5

6 - HOW FAR = QUANTO DISTA HOW FAR IS IT FROM MILAN TO NAPLES? QUANTO DISTA MILANO DA NAPOLI? HOW OFTEN = QUANTO SPESSO HOW OFTEN DO YOU EAT CHEESE? QUANTO SPESSO MANGI FORMAGGIO? HOW TALL = PER ALTEZZA (SOLO PERSONE) HOW LONG = DURATA HOW TALL ARE YOU? HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN A VET? DA QUANTO SEI VETERINARIO? 6

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8 ESERCIZI SU QUESTION WORDS 1 SEGUI LE INDICAZIONI DATE CHIEDI ALL INSEGNANTE QUANTO E ALTO L EVEREST CHIEDI A TUO ZIO QUANTO E ALTO DENNIS CHIEDI A TUA MAMMA QUALE E LA SUA BORSA, QUELLA BLU O QUELLA NERA CHIEDI DI CHI E QUELLA BICICLETTA CHIEDI A FRANK QUANTO DISTA LONDRA DA MANCHESTER CHIEDI A MARY QUANTO SPESSO MANGIA PIZZA CHIEDI QUANTO E GRANDE LA STANZA CHIEDI QUANTO E PROFONDO IL TUNNEL CHIEDI A MARY IL SUO NUMERO CHIEDI A MARY SE IL SUO NUMERO E O CHIEDI A MISTER JACKSON QUANTO COSTA QUELL AUTO CHIEDI ALL INSEGNANTE QUANTI ALLIEVI CI SONO IN CLASSE CHIEDI CHI E QUELLA DONNA CON ELIZABETH 8

9 PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI MYSELF YOURSELF HIMSELF / HERSELF / ITSELF OURSELVES YOURSELVES THEMSELVES LA FORMA IMPERSONALE DEL PRONOME RIFLESSIVO E ONESELF SI USANO QUANDO IL SOGGETTO ED IL COMPLEMENTO OGGETTO COINCIDONO QUANDO UN AZIONE SI RIFLETTE SUL SOGGETTO ECCO I VERBI CHE RICHIEDONO I PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI: TO AMUSE = DIVERTIRSI YOU WILL AMUSE YOURSELF ON YOUR TRIP (TI DIVERTIRAI DURANTE IL TUO VIAGGIO) TO BLAME = SENTIRSI IN COLPA MARY BLAMES HERSELF FOR WHAT HAPPENED (MARY SI SENTE IN COLPA PER QUELLO CHE E SUCCESSO) TO CUT = TAGLIARSI HE CUT HIMSELF CHOPPING ONIONS (LUI SI E TAGLIATO TRITANDO LE CIPOLLE) TO ENJOY = DIVERTIRSI WE ENJOYED OURSELVES THE OTHER NIGHT ( CI SIAMO DIVERTITI L ALTRA NOTTE) TO HELP = SERVIRSI I AM HELPING MYSELF (MI STO SERVENDO) TO HURT = FERIRSI MY BROTHER HURT HIMSELF WHILE PLAYING (MIO FRATELLO SI E FERITO MENTRE GIOCAVA) TO INTRODUCE = PRESENTARSI 9

10 PLEASE, INTRODUCE YOUSELF TO THE STUDENTS (PREGO, PRESENTATI AI STUDENTI) TO WASH / TO SHAVE / TO DRESS (LAVARSI, RADERSI, VESTIRSI) IN INGLESE NON HANNO I RIFLESSIVI! ESERCIZI SUI PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI 1 TRADUCI IN ITALIANO LE SEGUENTI FRASI I HURT MYSELF HE CALLED HIMSELF ZORRO I WILL DO IT MYSELF MISTER POTTER HIMSELF CAME TO THE MEETING I BOUGHT A PRESENT FOR MYSELF SHE DID IT BY HERSELF THE MAN IS TALKING TO HIMSELF THEY CALL THEMSELVES THE WOLVES DON T USE THIS KNIFE OR YOU LL CUT YOURSELF CHILDREN ENJOY THEMSELVES AT THE PARK HE LIVES BY HIMSELF 10

11 FUTURO CON WILL SI USA IL FUTURO CON WILL QUANDO SI DECIDE AL MOMENTO DI FARE UN AZIONE CHE NON ERA IN PROGRAMMA ESEMPIO: IL TELEFONO SUONA, RISPONDERO THE PHONE RINGS, I WILL GET IT! SI USA IL FUTURO CON WILL PER FARE PREVISIONI SU CIO CHE SI PENSA ESEMPIO: PENSO PIOVERA I THINK IT WILL RAIN SI USA IL FUTURO CON WILL QUANDO UN EVENTO AVVERRA SENZA DIPENDERE DALLA VOLONTA DI CHI PARLA ESEMPIO : IL TRENO PARTIRA ALLE 9 THE TRAIN WILL LEAVE AT 9 WILL E UGUALE PER TUTTE LE PERSONE E LA FORMA NEGATIVA E WILL NOT FUTURO CON PRESENT CONTINOUS SI USA IL FUTURO CON IL PRESENTE CON LA FORMA ING QUANDO SI PROGRAMMA UN AZIONE E SI SA CHE AVVERRA ESEMPIO : SI SPOSERANNO DOMANI ALLE 10 THEY ARE GETTING MARRIED TOMORROW AT 10 FUTURO CON BE GOING TO SI USA IL FUTURO CON TO BE GOING TO (CON TO BE CONIUGATO!) QUANDO NON SI E DEL TUTTO SICURI CHE UN AZIONE AVVERRA O QUANDO LA PREVISIONE E BASATA SU CIO CHE SI VEDE ESEMPIO : IL CIELO E NUVOLOSO, ANDRA A PIOVERE THE SKY IS CLOUDY! IT IS GOING TO RAIN MARY FREQUENTERA UN CORSO DI CHITARRA MARY IS GOING TO ATTEND A GUITAR COURSE 11

12 ESERCIZI SUL FUTURO VARI TIPI 1 TRADUCI IN ITALIANO LE SEGUENTI FRASI WILL YOU COME BACK SOON? WILL JOHN AND GEORGE COME TO THE PARTY? THE TELEPHONE IS RINGING: I WILL ANSWER! I LL CALL YOU AS SOON AS I GET TO THE AIRPORT TOMORROW MARY WILL BE 16! I LL GO TO SAO PAULO FOR MY HOLIDAY IT S HOT HERE, I LL OPEN THE WINDOW I M GOING TO LEAVE TOMORROW AT 7 A.M. LOOK AT THOSE CLOUDS! IT S GOING TO RAIN! I LL MEET HER TOMORROW! I AM GETTING MARRIED ON SUNDAY! COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY, NO I COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY E NO SI COMPORTANO COME GLI AGGETTIVI INDEFINITI DA CUI SONO FORMATI, QUINDI: 1 I COMPOSTI DI SOME SI USANO NELLE FRASI AFFERMATIVE ED INTERROGATIVE QUANDO SI OFFRE O SI CHIEDE PER AVERE QUALCOSA 2 I COMPOSTI DI ANY SI USANO NELLE FRASI NEGATIVE ED INTERROGATIVE 12

13 3 I COMPOSTI DI NO SI USANO IN FRASI CHE HANNO SIGNIFICATO NEGATIVO, MA IL VERBO DEVE SEMPRE ESSERE ALLA FORMA AFFERMATIVA SOMETHING, ANYTHING, NOTHING HAVE YOU GOT ANYTHING TO DO, TODAY? ANYTHING TRADUCE QUALCOSA I HAVE GOT SOMETHING TO DO SOMETHING TRADUCE QUALCOSA I HAVEN T ANYTHING TO DO ANYTHING TRADUCE NIENTE I HAVEN T NOTHING TO DO NOTHING TRADUCE NIENTE SOMEBODY, ANYBODY, NOBODY, SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO IS THERE ANYBODY AT HOME? ANYBODY TRADUCE QUALCUNO THERE IS SOMEBODY AT HOME SOMEBODY TRADUCE QUALCUNO THERE IS NOBODY AT HOME NOBODY TRADUCE NESSUNO THERE IS ANYBODY AT HOME ANYBODY TRADUCE NESSUNO ONE SOMEWHERE, ANYWHERE, NOWHERE I CAN T FIND MY BOOK, BUT IT MUST BE SOMEWHERE SOMEWHERE TRADUCE DA QUALCHE PARTE I CAN T FIND IT ANYWHERE ANYWHERE TRADUCE DA NESSUNA PARTE 13

14 IT COULD BE ANYWHERE ANYWHERE TRADUCE QUALUNQUE POSTO WHERE ARE YOU GOING? NOWHERE NOWHERE TRADUCE DA NESSUNA PARTE ESERCIZI SUI COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY, NO 1 TRADUCI IN ITALIANO LE SEGUENTI FRASI I CAN T FIND MY GLASSES ANYWHERE I M COOKING SOMETHING, I M VERY HUNGRY! WHERE IS THE CAT? CAN T ANYBODY TELL ME? SOMEBODY BROKE THIS CHAIR! THERE IS SOMETHING YOU SHOULD KNOW! SOMEBODY LEFT THIS BAG HERE! WHAT DO YOU WANT TO EAT? SOMETHING NICE! NOBODY IS PERFECT! 14

15 PERIODO IPOTETICO: TIPO ZERO LE DUE FRASI SONO AL PRESENTE E SI USA QUANDO LA FRASE PRINCIPALE E SEMPRE VERA ESEMPIO: SE LA SCALDI, L ACQUA BOLLE A 100 GRADI IF YOU HEAT WATER TO 100C, IT BOILS SE NON STUDI HAI UN BRUTTO VOTO IF YOU DON T STUDY YOU HAVE A BAD MARK PERIODO IPOTETICO: PRIMO TIPO IN QUESTO CASO LA FRASE CON IF E AL PRESENTE E LA FRASE PRINCIPALE AL FUTURO E SI USA PER UN FATTO FUTURO CHE AVVERRA SE SI REALIZZERA LA CONDIZIONE DELLA IF E CHE HA UNA BUONA PROBABILITA DI REALIZZARSI ESEMPIO: STARO A CASA, SE PIOVERA IF IT RAINS, I WILL STAY AT HOME SE ANDREMO A TROVARE MARY, LEI SARA MOLTO FELICE IF WE GO TO VISIT MARY, SHE WILL BE VERY HAPPY PERIODO IPOTETICO: SECONDO TIPO LA FRASE CON IF E AL PASSATO E L A PRINCIPALE AL CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE E SI USA QUANDO UNA SITUAZIONE FATICA A REALIZZARSI, CI SONO POCHE SPERANZE CHE SI REALIZZI ESEMPIO: SE VINCESSI UN MILIONE DI EURO POTREI SMETTERE DI LAVORARE IF I WON A MILLION EUROS, I COULD STOP WORKING PERIODO IPOTETICO: TERZO TIPO SONO FATTI NON AVVENUTI IN PASSATO, LA FRASE PRINCIPALE SARA AL CONDIZIONALE E LA FRASE CON IF AL PAST PERFECT ESEMPIO: AVRESTI PASSATO L ESAME SE AVESSI STUDIATO DI PIU IF YOU HAD STUDIED HARDER, YOU WOULD HAVE PASSED THE EXAM 15

16 ESERCIZI SUL PERIODO IPOTETICO 1 TRADUCI IN ITALIANO LE SEGUENTI FRASI IF I GET HOME LATE, MY MOTHER WILL GET ANGRY IF I HAD ENOUGH MONEY, I WOULD BUY A NEW BOAT IF YOU GO TO BED VERY LATE, YOU FEEL TIRED THE NEXT DAY IF YOU PASS ALL YOUR EXAMS, I WILL BUY YOU A NEW BIKE IF DAVID LOVED MARGOT, HE WOULD MARRY HER IF PEOPLE STOP DRINKING, THEY DIE IF PEOPLE DIDN T USE THEIR CARS, THERE WOULDN T BE SO MUCH POLLUTION IT S RAINING! IF YOU DON T TAKE THE UMBRELLA, YOU WILL GET WET IF YOU BEHAVE LIKE THAT AGAIN, YOU WILL BE PUNISHED TODAY IS YOUR SISTER S BIRTHDAY. IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD BUY HER A BOX OF CHOCOLATES 2 INDICA CHE TIPO DI PERIODO IPOTETICO SONO LE FRASI DELL ESERCIZIO PRECEDENTE 16

17 VERBI MODALI I VERBI MODALI SONO QUEI VERBI CHE MANCANO DI ALCUNI TEMPI, SONO INVARIABILI (OVVERO UGUALI A TUTTE LE PERSONE), NELLE FORME INTERROGATIVA E NEGATIVA NON HANNO BISOGNO DELL AUSILIARE PERCHE SONO GIA LORO STESSI AUSILIARI E I VERBI CHE LI SEGUONO SONO ALL INFINITO SENZA IL TO (TRANNE OUGHT) ED INDICANO POTERE, VOLERE E DOVERE VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO: CAN E COULD CAN: USATO PER ESPRIMERE CAPACITA ED ABILITA, SI USA ANCHE PER DARE O RICEVERE UN PERMESSO ED E UGUALE PER TUTTE LE PERSONE, NON PRENDE LA S ALLA 3 SINGOLARE (I CAN, SHE CAN ) PER FARE LA FORMA NEGATIVA BASTA AGGIUNGERE NOT ( I CAN NOT, I CAN T, I CANNOT ) PER FARE LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA BASTA INVERTIRE (CAN I?, CAN SHE?...) NON HA L INFINITO (NON ESISTE TO CAN ) CAN PUO ESSERE SOSTITUITO DA MAY CHE HA LO STESSO SIGNIFICATO SOLO E FORMALE ESEMPI: CAN YOU SPEAK ITALIAN? CAN I USE YOUR PC? COULD: USATO PER ESPRIMERE CAPACITA ED ABILITA AL PASSATO, UGUALE PER TUTTE LE PERSONE, AGGIUNGE NOT ALLA FORMA NEGATIVA ED INVERTE ALL INTERROGATIVA LO SI PUO USARE AL POSTO DI CAN AL PRESENTE IN MANIERA PIU FORMALE (COULD I OPEN THE WINDOW, PLEASE?) ESEMPI: WHEN I WAS A BOY I COULD PLAY PIANO / I COULD SING WHEN I WAS YOUNG 17

18 VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : MAY E MIGHT MAY: INDICA POTERE FARE QUALCOSA ED E USATO ANCHE PER INDICARE UNA EVENTUALITA (ESEMPIO: YOUR BAG MAY WEIGH UP TO 5 KILOS), USATO PER ESPRIMERE UNA PROBABILITA FUTURA (I MAY GO TO PARIS NEXT MONTH) ALLA FORMA NEGATIVA SI AGGIUNGE IL NOT (I MAY NOT HAVE ENGLISH TEST NEXT WEEK) MIGHT: INDICA UNA EVENTUALITA PIU REMOTA DI MAY ED ALLA NEGATIVA SI AGGIUNGE IL NOT (SHE MIGHT NOT HAVE MISSED HER FLIGHT) VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : WILL E WOULD WILL: INDICA VOLERE ED E USATO PER ESPRIMERE RICHIESTE, INVITI O BUONA VOLONTA DI FARE QUALCOSA ED E USATO ANCHE PER ESPRIMERE IL PERMESSO O PER OFFRIRE QUALCOSA ESEMPI: I WILL WAIT FOR YOU / WILL YOU COME WITH ME? / WILL YOU HAVE A CUP OF COFFEE? SI USA SPESSO LA FORMA CONTRATTA LL WOULD: USATO PER ESPRIMERE BUONA VOLONTA, RICHIESTA O INVITO (WOULD YOU DO IT FOR ME, PLEASE?) O PER INDICARE LA 18

19 PROBABILITA (THIS NOISE WOULD BE THE CAT), SI USA NEL PASSATO PER INDICARE ERO SOLITO (WHEN I WAS A LITTLE BOY I WOULD PLAY FOOTBALL) PER INDICARE DISPONIBILITA A FARE QUALCOSA O ESPRIMERE UN AZIONE ABITUALE CHE SI FACEVA NEL PASSATO TRADUCEND CON ERO SOLITO (WHEN I WAS A BOY I WOULD PLAY VOLLEYBALL ) VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : SHALL E SHOULD SHALL : INDICA DOVERE E SI USA SOLO NELLA FORMA INTERROGATIVA E SOLAMENTE PER LA PRIMA PERSONA SINGOLARE (I) E PLURALE (WE) SI USA PER FARE PROPOSTE O DARE SUGGERIMENTI (SHALL WE GO?, SHALL WE DANCE?...), PER OFFRIRSI DI FARE QUALCOSA (SHALL I TURN OFF THE RADIO?...) O PER CHIEDERE UN PARERE O UN CONSIGLIO IN MANIERA FORMALE (WHERE SHALL I GO?...) SHOULD: SI USA PER DARE CONSIGLI, SUGGERIMENTI O FARE RACCOMANDAZIONI (SHE SHOULD QUIT SMOKING /YOU SHOULD GO TO THE DOCTOR ) SI USA PER FARE RIMPROVERI (YOU SHOULDN T BEHAVE LIKE THAT!...) O PER FARE UNA SUPPOSIZIONE (THE MATCH SHOULD START IN ONE HOUR ) VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : MUST /MUST NOT / HAVE TO / DON T HAVE TO MUST E HAVE TO HANNO LO STESSO SIGNIFICATO (I MUST FEED MY CATS = I HAVE TO FEED MY CATS) ED INDICANO 19

20 UN AZIONE OBBLIGATA E UNA NECESSITA, IL MUST SI USA ANCHE PER ESPRIMERE UN DOVERE O UN OBBLIGO MORALE (I MUST HELP MY MOTHER, I MUST PLAY WITH MY BROTHER NON SONO OBBLIGATO, MA SO CHE E NECESSARIO FARLO) CON MUST INTENDIAMO ANCHE ESPRIMERE UNA REGOLA O UN OBBLIGO (YOU MUST STOP!) MUST NOT INDICA UNA PROIBIZIONE O UNA MANCANZA DI NECESSITA (YOU MUST NOT FEED ANIMALS!) O UN DIVIETO (YOU MUST NOT COME HOME LATE) DON T HAVE TO (O DOESN T HAVE TO) INDICA UNA MANCANZA DI OBBLIGO O UNA COSA NON NECESSARIA (YOU DON T HAVE TO GO TO BED LATE NON E NECESSARIO CHE VAI A LETTO PRESTO PUOI ANDARE PRESTO O TARDI, IL CONSIGLIO E DI NON ANDARE TARDI, MA C E LIBERTA DI SCELTA) ESERCIZI SUI MODALI A CONFRONTO 1 COMPLETA CON LA PAROLA ADATTA LE CARATTERISTICHE DEI VERBI MODALI I VERBI MODALI SONO VERBI (PARTICOLARI/UGUALI) CHE NON HANNO ALCUNE (VOCI VERBALI/REGOLE). ALLA 3 PERSONA SINGOLARE (PRENDONO/NON PRENDONO) LA S SONO CIOE (UGUALI/DIVERSI) PER TUTTE LE PERSONE. ALLA NEGATIVA AGGIUNGONO (NOT/DON T) CAN E COULD INDICANO (POTERE/DOVERE), CAN E AL (PRESENTE/PASSATO) E COULD E AL (PRESENTE/PASSATO) MAY E MIGHT INDICANO (POTERE/POSSIBILITA ) SHALL SI USA (PER I-WE/PER TUTTE LE PERSONE) MUST E HAVE TO SONO (DIVERSI/UGUALI) 20

21 1 COMPLETA CON MUST O MUST NOT YOU PARK YOUR CAR HERE! IT IS FORBIDDEN! YOU RUN OR YOU WILL MISS YOUR TRAIN I GO TO THE BANK, I NEED SOME MONEY YOU SMOKE, IT IS BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH! YOU EAT A LOT OF VEGETABLES! YOU EAT A LOT OF CHOCOLATE! YOU DISTURB THE ANIMALS! YOU PICK FLOWERS HERE! IT IS FORBIDDEN! YOU TAKE THIS MEDICINE AFTER DINNER YOU SPEAK TO STRANGERS YOU EAT DURING THE LESSONS YOU EXCEED THE SPEED LIMIT I DRINK MILK BECAUSE I AM ALLERGIC TO IT YOU DISTURB DURING THE LESSONS PRESENT PERFECT IL PRESENT PERFECT INDICA UN AZIONE CHE PUR ESSENDOSI SVOLTA NEL PASSATO HA ANCORA DEI RIFLESSI NEL PRESENTE QUANDO SI DEVE USARE IL PRESENT PERFECT? SI DEVE USARE NEI SEGUENTI CASI: 1) AZIONE SVOLTA NEL PASSATO MA IL TEMPO NON E ESPRESSO (NON DICO QUANDO!) HO VISTO QUEL FILM (NON DICO SE IERI, UNA SETTIMANA FA ) I HAVE SEEN THAT FILM 21

22 2) AZIONE PASSATA, TEMPO ESPRESSO, MA ANCORA L AZIONE DURA MENTRE SI PARLA HO VISTO QUEL FILM QUESTA SETTIMANA (DICO QUANDO, MAANCORA LA SETTIMANA NON E FINITA!) I HAVE SEEN THAT FILM THIS WEEK 3) QUANDO COMPAIONO QUESTE PAROLE: JUST, ALREADY, EVER, NEVER, RECENTLY, YET HAVE YOU ALREADY MET HIM? I HAVE JUST MET HIM HAVE YOU EVER MET HIM? (EVER SOLO PER FRASI INTERROGATIVE) I HAVE NEVER MET HIM (NEVER VUOLE VERBO AFFERMATIVO) I HAVE MET HIM RECENTLY I HAVEN T MET HIM YET JUST, ALREADY, EVER, NEVER SEMPRE TRA HAVE/HAS ED IL VERBO RECENTLY, YET SEMPRE A FINE FRASE 4) L AZIONE E INIZIATA NEL PASSATO MA DURA ANCORA NEL PRESENTE SONO INTRODOTTE IN ITALIANO DALLA PREPOSIZIONE DA ED IN INGLESE DA SINCE/FOR RICORDA SINCE TRADUCE DA QUANDO MENTRE FOR DA QUANTO TEMPO HOW LONG HAVE YOU KNOWN HIM? (DA QUANTO LO CONOSCI?) I HAVE KNOWN HIM FOR 3 YEARS I HAVE KNOWN HIM SINCE 1995 COME SI FORMA? SEGUENDO LA TABELLA 22

23 ESERCIZI SUL PRESENT PERFECT 1 TRADUCI IN ITALIANO LE SEGUENTI FRASI HAVE YOU EVER BEEN IN ENGLAND? YES, I HAVE BEEN THERE 3 TIMES WHY HAVE YOU NOT CALLED HIM YET? HAVE YOU SEEN THAT NEW MOVIE YET? I HAVE BEEN WORKING HERE SINCE 2010 THE TRAIN TO ROME HAS ALREADY LEFT MARY HAS BEEN MARRIED 3 TIMES! WE HAVE LIVED HERE FOR A YEAR I THINK I HAVE NOT SEEN HER BEFORE I HAVE SEEN YOUR FRIEND MARY I HAVE KNOWN MARY SINCE

24 DISCORSO DIRETTO E DISCORSO INDIRETTO CON IL DISCORSO DIRETTO VENGONO RIPORTATE LE PAROLE TRA VIRGOLETTE PRONUNCIATE DA UNA PERSONA: MARY SAID: WHAT A NICE DAY!, CON IL DISCORSO INDIRETTO LE PAROLE NON SONO CITATE E NON VENGONO RIPORTATE ESATTAMENTE: MARY SAID THAT IT WAS A NICE DAY! IL VERBO CHE INTRODUCE IL DISCORSO INDIRETTO E SOLITAMENTE IL SIMPLE PAST POICHE RIFERISCE UNA COSA DETTA NEL PASSATO, SI USANO NORMALMENTE I VERBI TO TELL E TO SAY E DOPO QUESTI VERBI SI PUO METTERE O TRALASCIARE IL THAT (=CHE). SI USA TO TELL QUANDO SI DICE A CHI E STATO DETTO QUALCOSA E NON SI METTE LA PREPOSIZIONE, MENTRE TO SAY SI USA SE NON SI DICE A CHI ERA RIVOLTA LA FRASE MARK TOLD ME: I AM TIRED MARK SAID: I AM TIRED MARK TOLD ME THAT HE WAS TIRED MARK SAID THAT HE WAS TIRED I VERBI CHE POSSONO INTRODURRE IL DISCORSO INDIRETTO SONO: TO ADD (AGGIUNGERE) TO ADMIT (AMMETTERE) TO ANSWER (RISPONDERE= TO COMPLAIN (LAMENTARSI) TO DENY (NEGARE) TO EXPLAIN (SPIEGARE) TO PROMISE (PROMETTERE) TO REMARK (NOTARE) TO REPLY (REPLICARE) DISCORSO DIRETTO SIMPLE PRESENT I AM TIRED MARK SAID PRESENT CONTINOUS I AM WRITING A LETTER MARK SAID SIMPLE PAST I SAW HER ON MONDAY MARK SAID DISCORSO INDIRETTO SIMPLE PAST MARK SAID THAT HE WAS TIRED PAST CONTINOUS MARK SAID THAT HE WAS WRITING A LETTER PAST PERFECT O SIMPLE PAST (QUANDO LA SITUAZIONE DURA ANCORA NEL TEMPO) MARK SAID THAT HE HAD SEEN HER ON MONDAY MARK SAID THAT HE SAW HER ON MONDAY 24

25 ERO SOLITO = I USED WHEN I WAS A LITTLE BOY I USED TO RIDE MY BIKE TO SCHOOL MARK SAID PAST CONTINOUS I WAS THINKING OF GOING ON HOLIDAY MARK SAID ERO SOLITO = I USED MARK SAID THAT HE USED TO RIDE HIS BIKE TO SCHOOL WHEN HE WAS A LITTLE BOY PAST CONTINOUS MARK SAID THAT HE WAS THINKING OF GOING ON HOLIDAY PRESENT PERFECT I HAVE SEEN THAT FILM MARK SAID FUTURO CON WILL I WILL BUY A BOOK FOR MARY MARK SAID CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THAT FILM MARK SAID IMPERATIVO LISTEN TO ME! MARK SAID INFINITO I AM HERE TO LEARN ENGLISH MARK SAID PAST PERFECT MARK SAID THAT HE HAD SEEN THAT FILM CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE MARK SAID THAT HE WOULD BUY A BOOK FOR MARY CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE MARK SAID THAT HE WOULD LIKE TO SEE THAT FILM INFINITO CON TO MARK SAID TO HIS FRIENDS TO LISTEN TO HIM INFINITO MARK SAID THAT HE WAS THERE TO LEARN ENGLISH ANCHE LE ESPRESSIONI DI TEMPO CAMBIANO IN BASE ALLA SEGUENTE TABELLA 25

26 ESERCIZI SUL DISCORSO DIRETTO ED INDIRETTO 1 TRASFORMA LE FRASI DAL DISCORSO DIRETTO ALL INDIRETTO MARY SAID: WHAT A NICE BABY PAUL SAID: WHAT A NICE WOMAN! THE TEACHER SAID: THIS TEST IS VERY EASY I AM TIRED MY SISTER SAID THE BOY SAID: I AM READING A BOOK MARY SAID: I AM COOKING WITH MY MOTHER MY FRIEND SAID: I SAW GEORGE ON SATURDAY MARY SAID: I WILL BUY A NEW BIKE FOR MY SON THE TEACHER SAID TO HER STUDENTS: LISTEN TO ME! THE TEACHER SAID: I AM HERE TO HELP MARY AND THOMAS 2 TRASFORMA LE FRASI DAL DISCORSO INDIRETTO AL DIRETTO MARY SAID SHE WAS THERE TO HELP HER MOTHER JOHN SAID THAT HE WOULD BUY A RING FOR HIS WIFE GEORGE SAID THAT HE WAS VERY BUSY AND HE WAS TEACHING ENGLISH TO HIS SISTER THE BOYS SAID THAT THEY HAD SEEN THAT FILM WITH THEIR TEACHER 26

27 PRONOMI RELATIVI: WHO, THAT, WHICH, WHOSE, WHERE I PRONOMI RELATIVI SI USANO PER INDICARE DI CHI O DI CHE COSA SI STA PARLANDO QUANDO CI RIFERIAMO ALLE PERSONE USIAMO WHO O THAT THE BOYS THAT ARE SINGING ARE MY BROTHERS I WORK WITH THE LADY WHO IS SITTING NEXT TO HELEN ADRIAN IS THE BOY WHO LENT ME HIS CAR QUANDO CI RIFERIAMO A COSE O ANIMALI USIAMO WHICH O THAT THE TV PROGRAMME WHICH I WATCHED YESTERDAY IS MASTER CHIEF BALMORAL CASTLE IS A PRIVATE PROPERTY THAT BELONGS TO THE BRITISH ROYAL FAMILY THIS IS THE MOBILE PHONE THAT/WHICH I BOUGHT LAST WEEK QUANDO CI SI RIFERISCE A COSA O A CHI APPARTIENE QUALCOSA O QUALCUNO SI USA IL PRONOME WHOSE CHE TRADUCE DI CUI/DEL QUALE... SHOW ME THE MAN WHOSE PAINTINGS ARE EXHIBITED AT THE GALLERY QUANDO SI VUOLE INDICARE UN LUOGO SI USA WHERE CHE TRADUCE IN CUI/ NEL QUALE LIVERPOOL IS THE PLACE WHERE THE BEATLEAS WERE BORN 27

28 FAC SIMILE PROVE D ESAME 1 LETTERA: HAI APPENA CONCLUSO LA SCUOLA ED OTTENUTO IL DIPLOMA. DOPO LE VACANZE TI PIACEREBBE RECARTI ALL ESTERO PER FREQUENTARE UN CORSO DI SPECIALIZZAZIONE E AL TEMPO STESSO TROVARE UN LAVORO PART-TIME. SCRIVI UNA AL TUO AMICO JACK PER SPIEGARGLI I TUOI PROGETTI. AGGIUNGI ALCUNE INFORMAZIONI SU DOVE TI PIACEREBBE ANDARE (CITTA, NAZIONE), QUALE CORSO VORRESTI FREQUENTARE, CHE TIPO DI LAVORO PART-TIME VORRESTI TROVARE E ALTRE COSE CHE TI PIACEREBBE FARE MENTRE SEI ALL ESTERO (MINIMO 50 PAROLE) 2 LEGGI IL SEGUENTE TESTO E COMPLETA CON L ALTERNATIVA CORRETTA JFK INTERNATIONAL ONE OF THE WORLD S BUSIEST AIRPORTS JOHN F. KENNEDY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IS ONE OF THE BUSIEST INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS IN THE WORLD. LOCATED IN THE QUEENS DISTRICT OF NEW YORK CITY, JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT HANDLES (MOST/MORE/LESS/FEWER) INTERNATIONAL PASSENGERS THAN ANY OTHER AIRPORT IN THE UNITED STATES. IN 2010 OVER 46 MILLION PASSENGERS WENT (ON/IN/OUT/THROUGH) THE TERMINALS OF JFK. THE AIRPORT IS A CITY IN ITSELF. MORE THAN 90 AIRLINES (FLY/GO/DEPART/ARRIVE) IN AND OUT OF NEW YORK S JFK AIRPORT. THE BUSIEST ROUTES FROM JFK LEAD TO LONDON, MADRID AND PARIS. THE AIRPORT OPENED IN ORIGINALLY, IT WAS CALLED IDLEWILD AIRPORT. IT WAS (RECALLED/INAUGURATED/RENAMED/CLOSED) SHORTLY AFTER PRESIDENT KENNEDY WAS ASSASSINATED IN CURRENTLY THERE ARE FOUR RUNWAYS ON (WHO/THAT/WHICH/WHERE) PLANES TAKE OFF AND LAND. ONE OF THEM IS LONG ENOUGH FOR A SPACE SHUTTLE TO LAND. JFK AIRPORT HAS EIGHT TERMINALS WITH A TOTAL OF OVER 150 GATES. ALL THE TERMINALS ARE CONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER THROUGH A TRAIN SYSTEM. THIS TRAIN SYSTEM CONNECTS THE AIRPORT WITH DOWNTOWN NEW YORK. IT TAKES PASSENGERS ABOUT 30 TO 40 MINUTES (GET/TO GET/LAND/TO LAND) TO CENTRAL MANHATTAN, ABOUT 20 KM FROM THE AIRPORT. MOST OF THE CARGO BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES PASSES THROUGH JFK AND ALMOST A QUARTER OF ALL INTERNATIONAL (GOODS/GOOD/BUSINESS/ITEMS) TO AND FROM THE USA ARE HANDLED BY THE AIRPORT. JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT HAS ALSO BEEN THE LOCATION OF SEVERAL ACCIDENTS AND TRAGEDIES. AMONG (IT/WHICH/WHO/THEM) A TWA FLIGHT EXPLODED SHORTLY AFTER TAKING OFF FROM JFK. ALL 230 PEOPLE WERE KILLED. IN APRIL 2011 AN AIRBUS A-380 CRASHED INTO A SMALLER PLANE (AFTER/WHILE/BEFORE/AMONG) STILL ON THE GROUND. FORTUNATELY (EVERYBODY/SOMEBODY/NOBODY/ANYBODY) WAS INJURED. 3 COMPLETA LA PARTE MANCANTE IN MODO CHE LA SECONDA FRASE ABBIA LO STESSO SIGNIFICATO DELLA PRIMA. PUOI UTILIZZARE FINO A TRE PAROLE 28

29 LET S GO TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT! = WHY DON T TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT? IT S NOT GOOD FOR YOU TO EAT TOO MUCH JUNK FOOD = YOU EAT TOO MUCH JUNK FOOD PAUL IS NOT AS TALLL AS BOB = BOB IS THAN PAUL YOU CAN ONLY EAT THERE IF YOU BOOK IN ADVANCE = IF YOU DON T BOOK IN ADVANCE, YOU THERE BOB S PUB HAS BEEN OPEN FOR 5 YEARS = BOB O PENED THIS PUB 4 SCEGLI TRA LE FRASI INDICATE QUELLA CHE RIPRODUCE IL SIGNIFICATO DEL TESTO MODERN ART MUSEUM: 10% DISCOUNT FOR GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE PEOPLE A) YOU CAN PAY LESS MONEY IF YOU ENTER WITH 12 FRIENDS B) YOU CAN PAY LESS MONEY IF YOU ENTER ALONE C) TICKETS FOR GROUPS OF 8 PEOPLE ARE LESS EXPENSIVE D) TICKETS FOR GROUPS OF 5 PEOPLE COST 10% MORE FASHION HAIR STYLE: OPEN TUESDAY TO SATURDAY 9.00 A.M. TO 8.00 P.M. BOOKING NOT NECESSARY A) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER S ON SUNDAY MORNING WITHOUT BOOKING B) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER S ON MONDAY AT 2 P.M. WITHOUT BOOKING C) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER S ON SATURDAY AT 9 IN THE EVENING IF YOU BOOK D) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER S ON FRIDAY AT 3 IN THE AFTERNOON WITHOUT BOOKING FROM: JOHN TO: SUE HI JOHN. I M FLYNG TO ROME TOMORROW. I NEED TO BE AT THE AIRPORT AT 8.00 A.M. COULD YOU DRIVE ME THERE ON YOUR WAY TO SCHOOL? THANKS! A) SUE MUST GO TO SCHOOL TOMORROW B) SUE IS TAKING A PLANE TO ROME TOMORROW C) SUE IS DRIVING TO THE AIRPORT TOMORROW MORNING D) JOHN IS LEAVING BY PLANE TOMORROW PRIORITY SEAT FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE DISABLED OR PREGNANT A) YOU CAN T SIT THERE IF YOU ARE PREGNANT 29

30 B) YOU SHOULD OFFER THIS SEAT TO A DISABLED PERSON OR TO A PREGNANT WOMAN C) YOU CAN SIT HERE IF YOU ARE NOT DISABLED D) PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD ALWAYS STAND UP MOTORWAY E4 LONDON SOUTH EXIT CLOSED FOR REPAIRS FROM 10 P.M. TO 6 A.M. UNTIL 30 TH SEPTEMBER A) YOU CAN T DRIVE ALONG THE E4 UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER B) YOU CAN T DRIVE ALONG THE E4 AT NIGHT UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER C) LONDON SOUTH EXIT WILL BE CLOSED EVERY NIGHT UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER D) LONDON SOUTH EXIT WILL BE CLOSED ALL DAY UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER 5 LEGGI LE SEGUENTI DESCRIZIONI E SCEGLI QUELLA PIU ADATTA ALLE PERSONE DI SEGUITO INDICATE COURSE 1 CREATIVE WRITING ARE YOU INTERESTED IN CREATING YOUR OWN NOVEL? IF YOU FEEL YOU HAVE A LOT TO SAY BUT YOU DON T KNOW HOW, THIS COURSE WILL HELP YOU ACQUIRE THE WRITING SKILLS YOU NEED COURSE 2 MODERN AUTHORS IF YOU WANT TO LEARN ABOUT THE GREATEST WRITERS OF TODAY, THIS COURSE IS JUST WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR. A FAMOUS LITERARY CRITIC WILL GUIDE YOU THROUGH THE WORKS OF THE BEST CONTEMPORARY WRITERS COURSE 3 DRAWING IF YOU HAVE A CREATIVE MIND AND LIKE DRAWING YOUR EMOTIONS, THIS COURSE IS FOR YOU. AN EXPERIENCED TEACHER WILL SHOW YOU THE BASIC DRAWING TECHNIQUES TO PRODUCE YOUR OWN MASTERPIECES! COURSE 4 FRENCH PAINTERS THIS COURSE IS FOR PEOPLE WHO LIKE PAINTING AND WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE GREAT MASTERS OF THE PAST. AN ART CRITIC WILL GUIDE YOU TO UNDERSTAND THE INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES USED BY THE MOST FAMOUS PAINTERS OF FRANCE ANN HAS BEEN A KEEN READER SINCE SHE WAS A CHILD. SHE HAS READ A LOT OF BOOKS OF MODERN WRITERS AND NOW SHE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THEM = COURSE N. SOPHIE LIKES ART, IN PARTICULAR PAINTING. WHENEVER SHE HAS SOME FREE TIME SHE VISITS MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES, BUT NOW SHE WOULD LIKE TO 30

31 KNOW SOMETHING MORE ABOUT THE TECHNIQUES USED BY THE GREAT MASTERS OF THE PAST = COURSE N. JOHN IS REALLY KEEN ON DRAWING AND SPENDS HIS TIME DRAWING ON ANY PIACE OF PAPER HE CAN FIND. NOW HE WOULD LIKE TO IMPROVE HIS TECHNIQUES WITH THE HELP OF A GOOD TEACHER = COURSE N. MARK HAS ALWAYS BEEN INTERESTED IN BOOKS, IN PARTICULAR CRIME STORIES. HE HAS READ A LOT AND HAS JUST STARTED TO WRITE A NOVEL BUT HE THINKS HE NEEDS TO DEVELOP HIS WRITING SKILLS 1 LETTERA: IL TUO AMICO JOSH HA DECISO DI TRASCORRERE UN MESE IN ITALIA DURANTE LE VACANZE ESTIVE. GLI PIACEREBBE VISITARE QUALCHE LOCALITA FAMOSA O CITTA D ARTE E VORREBBE ANCHE TRASCORRERE QUALCHE GIORNO AL MARE. NON HA MOLTI SOLDI, MA E DISPOSTO A FARE QUALCHE LAVORO OCCASIONALE PER PAGARSI LA VACANZA. SCRIVIGLI UNA CON TUTTE LE INFORMAZIONI ED I SUGGERIMENTI CHE TI HA CHIESTO, IN PARTICOLARE QUALI CITTA E LOCALITA POTREBBE VISITARE, COSA POTREBBE VEDERE, IN QUALE LOCALITA DI MARE POTREBBE TRASCORRERE QUALCHE GIORNO, QUALE SISTEMAZIONE POTREBBE TROVARE E QUALE POSSIBILITA DI LAVORO CI SONO (MINIMO 50 PAROLE) 2 LEGGI IL SEGUENTE TESTO E COMPLETA CON L ALTERNATIVA CORRETTA LIKE IT OR HATE IT, THE SHARD-EUROPE S TALLEST BUILDING HAS CHANGED THE LONDON SKYLINE FOREVER LAST JULY, LONDON S (NEWER/NEWEST/MORE NEW/MOST NEW) SKYSCRAPER WAS OFFICIALLY COMPLETED. THE SKYSCRAPER IS CALLED THE SHARD AND IT COST ABOUT 430 MILLION TO BUILD. AT A HEIGHT OF ALMOST 310 METRES, IT IS THE TALLEST BUILDING IN EUROPE. THE SHARD IS SO TALL (SO/AS/THAT/WHICH) OTHER GREAT MONUMENTS LIKE ST PAUL S CATHEDRAL AND TOWER BRIDGE LOOK SMALL (IN/ON/TO/AS) COMPARISON. THE SHARD HAS COMPLETELY CHANGED THE APPEARANCE OF LONDON. HOWEVER, NOT EVERYONE THINKS THAT IT IS A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER. THE SHARD WAS (DESIGN/DESIGNER/DESIGNED/DESIGNS) BY THE FAMOUS ITALIAN ARCHITECT RENZO PIANO. WHEN HE BEGAN DESIGNING THE SHARD, PIANO WANTED A VERY TALL BUILDING THAT LOOKED (HOW/SO/TO/LIKE) A SPIRE. THE SIDES OF THE BUILDING AREN T REGULAR, SO THE BUILDING HAS AN USUAL SHAPE. IT LOOKS LIKE A BROKEN SPLINTER OF GLASS (OR SHARD). THAT IS HOW THE BUILDING GOT ITS NAME: THE SHARD. PIANO UNDERSTOOD THAT IT WAS A RISK TO BUILT SUCH AN UNUSUAL BUILDING (WHO/WHICH/WHOSE/THAT) SHAPE REMINDS HIM OF 31

32 THE SPIRE OF THE CHURCHES OF LONDON AND OF THE TALL MASTS OF THE SHIPS THAT WERE ONCE (IN/ON/FOR/AGAINST) THE RIVER THAMES. THE SHARD HAS 87 FLOORS. AT THE TOP, THERE IS AN OBSERVATORY WHICH IS OPEN (TO/FOR/AT/IN) THE PUBLIC. AT THE MOMENT THE BUILDING IS EMPTY, BUT EVENTUALLY THERE WILL BE A LUXURY 5-STAR HOTEL, TOP QUALITY RESTAURANTS, LUXURY APARTMENTS, A SPA AND OFFICES. LOCAL RESIDENTS DIDN T WANT THE BUILDING, BUT THE PLANS WERE APPROVED AND, IN 2009, BUILDING WORK BEGAN. A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE STILL UNHAPPY ABOUT THE SHARD. CRITICS SAID THAT SUCH A TALL SKYSCRAPER MIGHT BE GOOD IN A CITY LIKE NEW YORK, BUT IT WOULD NOT (LOOK/SEE/WATCH/OBSERVE) GOOD IN LONDON. THE SHARD, THE SPLINTER OF GLASS, NOW DOMINATES THE LONDON SKYLINE. IT IS NOT CERTAIN, HOWEVER, THAT ORDINARY LONDON CITIZENS WILL (NEVER/EVER/ALWAYS/OFTEN) ACCEPT IT AS A VALUABLE ADDITION TO THE CITY. 3 COMPLETA LA PARTE MANCANTE IN MODO CHE LA SECONDA FRASE ABBIA LO STESSO SIGNIFICATO DELLA PRIMA. PUOI UTILIZZARE FINO A TRE PAROLE WHY DON T YOU SAVE SOME MONEY IF YOU WANT TO BUY A NEW CAR? = I THINK YOU SAVE SOME MONEY IF YOU WANT TO BUY A NEW CAR BOB S PUB HAS BEEN OPEN FOR 5 YEARS = BOB OPENED THIS PUB PAUL IS NOT AS TALL AS BOB = BOB IS THAN PAUL YOU CAN ONLY EAT THERE IF YOU BOOK IN ADVANCE = IF YOU DON T BOOK IN ADVANCE, YOU THERE LET S GO TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT! = WHY DON T YOU TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT? 4 SCEGLI TRA LE FRASI INDICATE QUELLA CHE RIPRODUCE IL SIGNIFICATO DEL TESTO TURN OFF ALL MOBILES IN THE LIBRARY A) YOU MUST LEAVE YOUR MOBILE AT HOME IF YOU WANT TO ENTER THE LIBRARY B) YOU CAN KEEP YOUR MOBILE WITH YOU IN THE LIBRARY IF IT IS SWITCHED OFF C) YOU CAN T GO INTO THE LIBRARY IF YOU HAVE A MOBILE WITH YOU D) YOU MUST LEAVE YOUR MOBILE ON A TABLE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE LIBRARY SPRING SCHOOL MARATHON IN WESLEY PARK: RACE STARTS AT 9.00 A.M. PARTICIPANTS SHOULD MEET AT 8.30 A.M. AT THE PARK GATE TO GET THEIR RACE NUMBERS. NO NUMBERS WILL BE GIVEN AFTER 8.45 A.M. RACE WILL BE HELD IN ANY WEATHER 32

33 A) PARTICIPANTS SHOULD GATHER AT 9.00 A.M. AT THE PARK B) THE MARATHON WILL BE CANCELLED IF IT RAINS C) PARTICIPANTS CAN GET THEIR NUMBERS AT 9.00 A.M. D) PARTICIPANTS MUST GET THEIR NUMBERS BEFIRE 9 O CLOCK PRIORITY SEAT: FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE DISABLED OR PREGNANT A) YOU CAN T SIT HERE IF YOU ARE PREGNANT B) YOU SHOULD OFFER THIS SEAT TO A DISABLED PERSON OR TO A PREGNANT WOMAN C) YOU CAN SIT HERE IF YOU ARE NOT DISABLED D) PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD ALWAYS STAND UP FROM: ANNE TO: ROBERT SORRY, I CAN T DRIVE YOU TO SCHOOL TOMORROW. MY MUM NEEDS THE CAR TO GO TO HER OFFICE. WE CAN GO BY BUS TOGETHER, IF YOU LIKE. LET ME KNOW! A) ANNA AND ROBERT CAN T GO TO SCHOOL BY CAR TOMORROW B) ANNA IS USING HER MOTHER S CAR TOMORROW C) ANNA IS DRIVING HER MUM TO THE OFFICE TOMORROW D) ROBERT IS DRIVING ANNA TO SCHOOL TOMORROW SUMMER SALE UNTIL END OF JUNE: BUY YOUR NEW JEANS NOW! A FREE T-SHIRT WITH EACH PAIR AND AN EXTRA 30% OFF IT YOU BUY TWO PAIRS! A) IF YOU BUY TWO PAIRS OF JEANS BEFORE THE END OF JUNE YOU LL GET A FREE T-SHIRT B) IF YOU BUYT A PAIR OF JEANS AND A T-SHIRT BEFORE THE END OF JUNE YOU LL HAVE A SPECIAL DISCOUNT C) IF YOU BUY TWO PAIRS OF JEANS BEFORE THE END OF JUNE YOU LL HAVE A SPECIAL DISCOUNT D) IF YOU BUY A PAIR OF JEANS IN JULY YOU LL HAVE A FREE T-SHIRT 5 LEGGI LE SEGUENTI DESCRIZIONI E SCEGLI QUELLA PIU ADATTA ALLE PERSONE DI SEGUITO INDICATE JOB 1 CHILDREN CAMPS IN THE COUNTRY WE ARE LOOKING FOR GROUP LEADERS FOR OUR CHILDREN SUMMER CAMPS IN THE COUNTRY. IF YOU LIKE STAYING WITH CHILDREN AND ARE ABLE TO ORGANISE AND DO A RANGE OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES, THIS IT THE RIGHT JOB FOR YOU! WE CAN PROVIDE ACCOMMODATION AND MEALS AND COVER ALL EXPENSES. 33

34 JOB 2 SUNSHINE RETIREMENT HOME STAFF IS NEEDED FOR OUR RETIREMENT HOME FOR OVER 70S AT A SEASIDE RESORT ON THE SOUTH COAST, FROM THE BEGINNING OF JULY TO THE END OF SEPTEMBER. EXPERIENCE IS REQUIRED, AS THE JOB WILL INVOLVE TAKING CARE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE. ACCOMODATION, MEALS AND A SMALL SALARY WILL BE PROVIDED. JOB 3 SUNRISE HOTELS WOULD YOU LIKE A SUMMER JOB IN ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL SEASIDE RESORTS IN SPAIN? WE HAVE VACANCIES FOR TOUR OPERATORS AND RECEPTIONISTS IN OUR 4-STAR HOTELS. ACCOMODATION AND MEALS WILL BE PROVIDED, THE SALARY IS QUITE GOOD. APPLICANTS MUST SPEAK SPANISH AS WELL AS AT LEAST ONE OTHER FOREIGN LANGUAGE. JOB 4 WANT TO BE A CHEF? WE HAVE A CHAINS OF EXCLUSIVE RESTAURANTS IN FRANCE AND WE ARE LOOKING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE TO WORK AS WAITERS AND WAITRESSES DURING THE SUMMER SEASON. NO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE REQUIRED AS YOU CAN LEARN WHILE WORKING WITH OUR QUALIFIED CHEFS. WE CAN PROVIDE INDIVIDUAL ROOMS, FREE MEALS AND A SMALL WAGE. MARY IS GOING TO STUDY MEDICINE AT UNIVERSITY NEXT YEAR AND SHE WOULD LIKE TO FIND A SUMMER JOB AT THE SEASIDE. SHE LOVES HELPING PEOPLE AND HAS ALREADY WORKED WITH ELDERLY PEOPLE AS A VOLUNTEER. SHE DOESN T MIND WORKING HARD = JOB N. BOB IS A STUDENT AND HE IS LOOKING FOR A HOLIDAY JOB TO GET A BREAK FROM THE TOWN. HE S AN ACTIVE YOUNG MAN, HE LOVES WALKING, STAYING OUTDOORS AND HE S VERY GOOD AT ORGANISING THINGS = JOB N. ALAN WOULD LIKE TO OPEN HIS OWN RESTAURANT IN THE FUTURE AND HE S LOOKING FOR A HOLIDAY JOB. HE S MORE INTERESTED IN GAINING EXPERIENCE THAN IN EARNING MONEY. HE LIKES TRAVELLING AND CAN SPEAK FRENCH, GERMAN AND SPANISH = JOB N. JANET IS GOING TO ATTEND AN EXPENSIVE COURSE NEXT YEAR SO SHE WOULD LIKE TO FIND A WELL PAID JOB. SHE LIKES BEING WITH OTHER PEOPLE AND HAVING EXPERIENCES ABROAD. SHE CAN SPEAK GERMAN, FRENCHE AND SPANISH = JOB N. 34

35 1 LETTERA: IL PROSSIMO MESE DI LUGLIO, NELLA CITTA IN CUI VIVI SI TERRA IL SUMMER ROCK FESTIVAL, A CUI PARTECIPERANNO NUMEROSI GRUPPI E CANTANTI PER UNA SERIE DI CONCERTI CHE DURERA UNA SETTIMANA. IL TUO AMICO TED, CHE VIVE NEGLI STATI UNITI, VORREBBE VENIRE IN ITALIA IN OCCASIONE DELL EVENTO E TI HA SCRITTO PER CHIEDERTI ALCUNE INFORMAZIONI. SCRIVIGLI UNA CON TUTTE LE INFORMAZIONI E I CONSIGLI, IN PARTICOLARE DOVE E QUANDO SI TERRANNO I CONCERTI, QUALI SONO I CONCERTI PIU INTERESSANTI, COME E POSSIBILE PROCURARSI I BIGLIETTI, DOVE POTRA ALLOGGIARE, QUALE ALTRE ATTIVITA (VISITE, ESCURSIONE, ECC.) POTREBBE FARE MENTRE E NEL TUO PAESE (MINIMO 50 PAROLE) 2 LEGGI IL SEGUENTE TESTO E COMPLETA CON L ALTERNATIVA CORRETTA MODERN BRITISH FAMILIES FATHER LEAVES FOR WORK (AT/IN/ALL/EVERY) THE MORNING AFTER BREAKFAST. THE CHILDREN TAKE THE BUS TO SCHOOL, AND MOTHER STAYS AT HOME COOKING AND CLEANING UNTIL FATHER AND THE KIDS RETURN HOME IN THE EVENING. THIS IS THE TRADITIONAL PICTURE OF A HAPPY FAMILY (LIVED/LIVE/LIVING/LIVES) IN BRITAIN, BUT IS IT TRUE TODAY? THE ANSWER IS NO! THE PAST TWENTY YEARS (SEEN/HAVE SEEN/WILL SEE/SEE) ENORMOUS CHANGES IN THE LIVES AND STRUCTURES OF FAMILIES IN BRITAIN, AND THE TRADITIONAL MODEL IS NO LONGER TRUE IN MOST CASES. THE BIGGEST CHANGE HAS BEEN CAUSED (BY/FROM/FOR/TO) DIVORCE. AS MANY AS 2 OUT OF 3 MARRIAGES NOW END IN DIVORCE, LEADING TO A SITUATION (WHO/WHICH/WHEN/WHERE) MANY CHILDREN LIVE WITH ONE PARENT AND ONLY SEE THE OTHER ONE AT WEEKENDS OR HOLIDAYS. THERE HAS ALSO BEEN A HUGE RISE (OF/AT/IN/BY) THE NUMBER OF MOTHERS WHO WORK. (BECAUSE/BECAUSE OF/WHY/SINCE) THE LARGE RISE IN DIVORCES, MANY WOMEN NEED TO WORK TO SUPPORT THEMSELVES AND THEIR CHILDREN. EVEN WHEN THERE IS NO DIVORCE, IN MANY FAMILIES BOTH PARENTS (NEED/MUST/SHOULD/WOULD) TO WORK IN ORDER TO SURVIVE. THIS HAS CAUSED AN INCREASE IN CHILDCARE FACILITIES. IN ADDITION, WOMEN ARE NO LONGER HAPPY TO STAY AT HOME RAISING CHILDREN, AND MANY HAVE CAREEERS EARNING AS MUS AS OR EVEN MORE THAN MEN. HOWEVER, THESE CHANGES HAVE NOT HAD A TOTALLY NEGATIVE EFFECT. FOR WOMEN, IT IS NOW MUCH EASIER TO HAVE A CAREER AND GOOD SALARY. (ALTHOUGH/SINCE/EVEN/BECAUSE) IT IS DIFFICULT TO BE A WORKING MOTHER, IT HAS BECOME NORMAL AND IT S NO LONGER SEEN AS A BAD THING FOR THE CHILDREN. AS FOR CHILDREN THEMSELVES, SOME ARGUE THAT MODERN CHILDREN GROW UP TO BE (MOST/MORE/MUCH/AS) INDEPENDENT AND MATURE THAN IN THE PAST. 35

36 3 COMPLETA LA PARTE MANCANTE IN MODO CHE LA SECONDA FRASE ABBIA LO STESSO SIGNIFICATO DELLA PRIMA. PUOI UTILIZZARE FINO A TRE PAROLE LET S GO TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT! = WHY DON T TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT? YOU CAN ONLY EAT THERE IF YOU BOOK IN ADVANCE = IF YOU DON T BOOK IN ADVANCE, YOU THERE I DON T THINK IT S A GOOD IDEA TO EAT SUCH A LOT OF JUNK FOOD IF YOU WANT TO KEEP FIT = YOU EAT SO MUCH JUNK FOOD IF YOU WANT TO KEEP FIT! BOB S PUB HAS BEEN OPEN FOR 5 YEARS = BOB OPENED THIS PUB... PAUL IS NOT AS TALL AS BOB = BOB IS THAN PAUL 4 SCEGLI TRA LE FRASI INDICATE QUELLA CHE RIPRODUCE IL SIGNIFICATO DEL TESTO OPEN FIELD CAR PARK: 1 PER HOUR, FIRST HOUR FREE. GET YOUR TICKET AT ENTRANCE, PAY FOR PARKING AT EXIT. THE MACHINE GIVES CHANGE. A) YOU MUST PAY BEFORE GETTING INTO THE CAR PARK B) YOU CAN PAY AT EXIT ONLY IF YOU HAVE CHANGE C) IF YOU PARK YOUR CAR FOR ONLY ONE HOUR, YOU DON T HAVE TO PAY ANYTHING D) YOU CAN PAY AT THE ENTRANCE WHEN YOU GET THE TICKET FROM: JOSH TO: ANDREW HI ANDREW! ALEX HAS JUST TOLD ME HE S GOT AN EXTRA FREE TICKET FOR THE CONCERT TOMORROW! IT YOU RE INTERESTED, LET HIM KNOW RIGHT NOW. IT LL BE FUN IF YOU COME WITH US! A) JOSH HAS AN EXTRA TICKET FOR THE CONCERT B) ALEX HAS AN EXTRA TICKET BECAUSE HE S NOT GOING TO THE CONCERT C) ANDREW CAN GO TO THE CONCERT ONLY IF HE PAYS FOR THE TICKET D) ANDREW CAN HAVE THE TICKET IF HE CALLS ALEX RIGHT NOW PRIORITY SEAT: FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE DISABLED OR PREGNANT A) YOU CAN T SIT HERE IF YOU ARE PREGNANT B) YOU SHOULD OFFER THIS SEAT TO A DISABLED PERSON OR TO A PREGNANT WOMAN C) YOU CAN SIT HERE IF YOU ARE NOT DISABLED D) PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD ALWAYS STAND UP 36

37 GREEN FARM MARKET: ALL OUR FOODS ARE MADE WITH LOCALLY PRODUCED INGREDIENTS! ALSO GUTEN FREE PRODUCTS. GARDEN CAFÉ OPEN WITH FREE SEATING BUT YOU CAN CONSUME ONLY FOOD AND DRINKS BOUGHT HERE! A) YOU CAN BUY FOOD AT THE MARKET AND EAT IT IN THE GARDEN CAFÉ B) YOU CAN BUY FOOD AT THE MARKET AND EAT IN THE GARDEN CAFÉ WITH YOUR OWN DRINKS C) ALL THE FOODS SOLD AT THE MARKET ARE GLUTEN FREE D) SOME OF THE FOOD AT THE MARKET HAS BEEN BOUGHT IN THE LOCAL AREA MOTORWAY EXIT N. 5 WILL BE CLOSED FOR REPAIRS EVERY NIGHT FROM 10 P.M. TO 6 A.M. UNTIL THE END OF MAY A) IT WON T BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT EIGHT IN THE EVENING IN MAY B) IT WON T BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT ELEVEN IN THE EVENING IN JUNE C) IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT NINE IN THE EVENING IN MAY D) IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT FIVE IN THE MORNING IN MAY 5 LEGGI LE SEGUENTI DESCRIZIONI E SCEGLI QUELLA PIU ADATTA ALLE PERSONE DI SEGUITO INDICATE BOOK 1 - A JOURNEY INTO THE PAST WRITTEN BY THE MOST FAMOUS EXPLORER OF CENTRAL AMERICA, THIS BOOK WILL TAKE YOU ALONG THE ANCIENT ROUTE THAT STARTS FROM THE SANDY CARIBBEAN SHORES AND WINDS INTO THE DEEP FOREST AND UP MOUNTAINS WHERE MAGNIFICENT REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYAN CIVILISATION CAN STILL BE SEEN BOOK 2 A LAND TO DISCOVER WRITTEN BY ANNABEL FIELDS, OUR FAMOUS REPORTER OF AUSTRALIAN BIRTH, THIS BOOK IS A NECESSARY GUIDE FOR ANYONE WHO WANTS TO VISIT THE ISLAND, WHERE PAST AND PRESENT COEXIST. WHETHER YOU WANT TO STAY IN SIDNEY AND ENJOY ITS MODERN AND VIVID LIFE, OR TO TRAVEL DEEP INTO THE DESERT AND DISCOVER THE ISLAND S NATURAL BEAUTIES, THIS BOOK IS THE RIGHT THING FOR YOU! BOOK 3 LIFE AND MYSTERIES OF A SPY SET IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20 TH CENTURY, IN THE TROUBLED YEARS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAS, THIS BOOK IS THE STORY OF ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS SPIES WHO WORKED FROM PARIS TO VIENNA AND BERLIN. NOT ONLY A SPY, BUT 37

38 ALSO A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN, FAMOUS FOR HER LOVE AFFAIRS, HES SECRETS REMAIN UNDISCLOSED. BOOK 4 SECRETS OF MI5 A BOOK THAT WILL TAKE YOU INTO THE SECRETS OF MI5, THE BRITISH SECURITY SERVICE, FAMOUS FOR ITS ACTIVITIES DURING AND AFTER THE SECOND WORLS WAR. AFTER LEAVING THE SERVICE, THE AUTHOR OF THIS BOOK DECIDED TO REVEAL SOME OF HIS MOST SECRET MISSIONS IN A BREATHTAKING NOVEL WHERE FICTION AND REALITY MIX TOGETHER BOB IS GOING TO AUSTRALIA AS PART OF HIS JOB, BUT HE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO VISIT THE COUNTRY. HE S LOOKING FOR A GUIDEBOOK TO MAKE THE MOST OF HIS HOLIDAY = BOOK N. ALAN IS AN ENGLISHMAN WHO LIKES READING ABOUT THE RECENT HISTORY OF HIS COUNTRY. IN PARTICULAR HE ENJOYS READING SPY-STORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES = BOOK N. ANN IS INTERESTED IN PAST CULTURES AND EXOTIC LANDSCAPES, BUT CAN T AFFORT A HOLIDAY IN DISTANT PLACES. SO SHE LIKES READING BOOKS THAT DESCRIBE EXOTIC PLACES AND THE CULTURES FROM THE PAST = BOOK N. SARAH IS GOING ON HOLIDAY AND SHE WOULD LIKE TO TAKE AN INTERESTING BOOK WITH HER. SHE LOVES ROMANTIC STORIES, BUT SHE IS ALSO INTERESTED IN THE HISTORY OF EUROPE = BOOK N. 38