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1 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg Em d rv u gurd lud pr vdr qut d ptv gg pm rtrr h ll pl rltà d qut P, qul rrv d umtà, d mpt, d grtà è prt tt lugh tt pr, qut vgl uml ptv d mbmt è r mrrt mlt um d S mbr f pur Bpp El N l u lbr pù rt, l phtr Vttr Adrl prp d drvr lu rttrth dl ppl tl, qul rlt dll tu d rt d pur u gl l vd mmr. Il qudr h dpg è qutt, l pr l rlv d tm vdt, m fr prttutt prhé tutt, d l u l, frm pù lv pù grv, prtm qut rttrth. N dr qut tl lttur rlt, m, rvd lu dmh l plth d qut mmt, rmg lpt dl dffu ttggmt d tr, d tltà, d dlgg dgl vvrr, d tv plt vlt dtruggr mpdr pù h d ffrmr prprr, d mpmt pr l tu gtv d u può trrr u prpr trt d grupp d prtt. È qull h Adrl hm mhm mhrt h prdu lr prfd l tut l. Eppur, h vd l pr h qut lmt vr, è dll dg dl pmm h pm trrr rg pr l tr dm. Dbbm trvr uv mu mtv uv fr pr trur u mutà pù p d ffrtr l fd tr d tr d, m pur rv u gurd lud pr vdr qut d ptv gg pm rtrr h ll pl rltà d qut P, qul rrv d umtà, d mpt, d grtà è prt tt lugh tt pr, qut vgl uml ptv d mbmt è r mrrt mlt um d. I qut prm mtà dl pt tt tr h l mmg dll trg h h tt h tr p dtl, bbm gurdt g l p dll ISIS f ll t prpt l Itl l umt rpt dl umr d mmgrt h ttrvr l Mdtrr: rt h rut l tmr d mlt tl vr l trr lmtt l u d h u qut pur h trut l u prgtt plt; m prpr pr qut è r vlrr l mlt pr l ulturl h h ftt dll gl dll tgr l lr g dttv, ll v h u plt d huur d rpgmt è utl prm r h gut, rd l Itl ( l Eurp) mpr pù grtt futur. A dptt dl drmmt qudr d m d u prl l llutr phtr, muv h, ll tr ttà ll tr mutà ll, u md ldl, prt, rgg, d u l p può rprtr. All t md l qudr plt, mtr è ttrvrt d uv qutt fm d rru, h lmt l fdu ll l drgt tl, vv u f d rvmt h t ptt rlvt dl tr tt dmrt l (dll rfrm ttul dll lgg lttrl, tm dl lvr, dll ul, dll gut). Ovvmt qut pr rfrmtr è mpgt d u vrtà d vlut d prpt. Imprtt è h h dv ddr l p fr, h prm rth mtvt trttt m u lmt d dturb, u tl l rggugmt d dtrmt bttv. L r dll dltt dmrt mp, d tutt l prt, u mur u tl h, mgr r l ud tlvv, m grt u mglr mpr dll rg dgl u dgl ltr. È l prt u ptm, qut umr d, prld dll rfrm ttul h qu l trm dl lr tr prlmtr ( è u uv lgg lttrl pprvt), l v d du m, Rr L Vll Stf t: prm l mrt p dffrt, m l lr trbut ut mprdr mlt ptt dll qut g fr trumt pr pprfdr u tm h vrà prfd rpru ll vt plt tl. E prbb h, u ltr tm d pr mprt, m prm, l MEI l u rvt dvr l lug pr u frt prt r d d d prgtt. -

2 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg rfrm Du rfrm ludbl Stf t - RIFORME: PERHé Sì Il lm plt ffd l u rd ll ml d qut lgltur. M l pt g è trpp lt, l mggr pt rbb l m Stf t, ttult, gà tr dl Prtt dmrt Pr vlutr l prr dll ttul rfrm ttul d lttrl, mpr l ddtt lm u mtur, p lr gl pgg, m rr tr prt tutt l vlupp dll ttul lgltur rpubbl, rtr, l prr dll trfrm ttul dl tm d prtt. I tmpi ll lgiltur ttul: tr I pr rifrmr mbr phi L XVII lgltur rpubbl è t lu dffltà h h rvlt u mltt prfd dl tm. Pr l prm vlt trm ì hr (m prblm lgh r gà vrft l 994, l 996 l 6) l ml d du mr h d trmb l fdu, u tm d prtt dv l l pt-vt v r mlt prblmth, h blt l frm dl Gvr. A qul put è d d pprl ll l dl Prdt dll Rpubbl, dv prò è rgtrt u uv mp. Tr d quttr prpl hrmt plt h prtt d d rvlgr prtmt gh l Prdt dll Rpubbl ut, pur qu vt, hddgl l dpbltà d u rv, pur lmtt, dl u mdt, mb dll dpbltà vrr tmp rlt u rfrm dll ttu t d vtr uv prl. Il qurt hrmt è ut-lu d qut prr prtr d v d prt puttt vdt, vt h tr lmt u dl ttv fumt dl tm. A mtà dl 3 è t prtt, h ttrvr l mm d gg mt dl gvr Ltt f rgtv pr pltr l fltt, u prr d rv lmtt dll d prt dll ttu (bmrlm rpprt tr-prfr), pù lmtt d qull dll prdt mm prlmtr h vv v ggtt l tr d prt, h è dt u tmp d tr. Il prr dvrbb ftt ludr prm m dl 6 l rfrdum fl (d pprv, vt dl lt d h l t, d pp vt dl lt d h l vvr). U tmp dpp rptt qull u l Ambl ttut rr l tr ttu. Nl frttmp l rt ttul vv h prvvdut vrr u rmtv lttrl dhrtmt d mrg h rlvv lu prblm d qull prdt (prm gg gl mm vt, lt blt trp-

3 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 3 t p lugh) m rd ltr (qu rt d u grd l bblgt tr fr trg, prfr u rr rm): è rmt vgr pr pù d u, prltr, lm pr l St, è trttt d u lgg m vtt d u Prlmt ll tr dll Rpubbl (mtr qull mr mgl qull vgt pr-993). I u P dmrt ptrbb r drt rml dr vtr u lgg d dl Prlmt, prltr d u rt h pr u tm dv è dlbrtmt vlut ttulr u frmul lttrl dv qud può r drt t h gut tl trvt d mrg qul d d mrt trfrm qu utmtmt u u d ttultà. Pr rdr qut trvt l rfrm ttul è qud vut h l lgg h è tt pp pprvt pplbl d mtà 6, qud dp du m dll t dll rt. Trttd d rgl dl g tt rrt u rd plt (l rfrm dv r tmt fdt, m pgg muqu mpr u u rd plt) d put d qulbr h urr l prm dl dll tr r plth h vv vut ull rl d Nplt ull rfrm ttul u qull lttrl, h è rmt tgr f ll l d Srg Mttrll. A qul put u dll fr plth h vv rdt ul mrt d trmb l rfrm, vtd ptvmt St, pur ttd ull ull lt dll pr, h vt u l dl mtd ll lt dl uv qul dl ll. Mtd h prbblmt dtfv qull d u r prtt l 3, qud Br vv rg ffrt u tr d m: Amt, Mr l t Mttrll. I qut l prtt d mggr rltv h gut l mdm trumt dll tr, m h ptt pr u m, td prò t dll d frt dll ltr fr plth, mpr Fr Itl: u prltà plt dvv d prm p gl ultm u ltr d ultur plt rptt l prdr Nplt. È mbt qud l trumt, m l mtd d vlgmt. I rltà, b vdr, Fr Itl rt d vr pgt qut ttggmt d tg ll rfrm m d trrtà l Gvr (u p dubbmt mpl d pgr) trm d lttrl: qu mbr rdr l vr prblm dl mb d ttggmt, h prdt tr d prtt h prm um ttggmt rpbl p pvt pr l fuggd drv dttr (m l P d Brlgur l f dll ldrtà l) dmtr h prblm d p rltà ggrvr qut pgg. L du rfrm r qud dv u tut f ll l dl Prdt dll Rpubbl. U g d tp plt dl tutt dpdt d tut h p pt Fr Itl mmr ll trum dl Mvmt Stll, h rbb tt uprbl l d d drr l uv ru dll mr m u u dut ddtt fum. Altrmt, ull b d rm rglmtr prvvut ll rfrm d qut d prtur d g dut rbb tt pbl prtr vlgh d uv ub-mdmt dtt l blr l d. L lt dll dut-fum è tt u lgttm df t-trut, l qul rbb ffrmt l prp dll tr dll mr. Il 7 g 93 Ald d Gpr fu trtt mttr l fdu (llr rglt frmlmt, m rtut mplt prrgtv dl Gvr) ull rfrm lttrl gutmt dut m lgg truff, l qul, f p ttt, vrbb pt l tr rfrmr mlt prm d qut dd. Itrvd ll mr pr qut tt md lg mlt fl, h mrt d r rpr pr t prhé p u prp tgt, m u rhtrv dl fumt d qul dmr pr d r ddt: «Sm trvut prhé trvvm d, d u rl- 3 -

4 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg rfrm ltmt dll mh, m gà l btgg, ll bbmt dll mh. E vvm u ltr ltrtv, rvl llgh, tr l r d ll bu dl rglmt, ll g dl prp, h è fdmtl pr l vv fr mggr mr, è h l mr h drtt ll rt l mggr h drtt ll d [ ]. L prdur rml dll ttvtà prlmtr è qull h fd u du prìp, u du rtr, qul h prm t: lbr trll du pr tutt d d prt dll mggr. Qud qut du rtr vg gut m ul br gut, rml, rr llr rrrr d ltr m. M h vul dr qut? Vul dr h è vr h bbm l pvl d lmt d qut ttggmt d qut mpt h tm, ll tr, lmt t h vg mpt. È utl rr dgl purh, è utl dr h ptrmm pplr l t mtd ll tr lgg dl ll lgg ull tmp: ì, v urt l vtr mtd d trum;, d rmltà. Tutt dpd dll prm. N rtm, rtg frmmmt, h l rgm prlmtr lv tt l prdur rml, è ru ll trum. N è vr h l trum lt! È pgbl qulh trm, m è mpr u qulh d rvlur, tr l rd dll mr. Or, h um l rpbltà d pplr rvlurmt qut mtd, trv d mprr u ltrtv: l r, l ptl (l h vul dr l dblmt dl rgm prlmtr l ullmt dl rtr dmrt) ppur l rt, u rt h può h umr dll frm trrdr, purhé fdt u u prp d fdu, u u prp lmt dmrt. V dt: dv è qut lmt? h può trr u l pr mpdr l vlmt u qul p lt? Rpd: qud v r dll rgl; l pr gvrà h pr prr dll

5 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg t rm l futur rglmt, prhé pr h trrr d qut pr dvut mmtrmt». l rgii di lug prid lt già d dtti, bhlt, mrtti ppl L rtru d qut è mturt qut lgltur, h lgttm pmt l tt d hudr u tr qut lvr d (prl) mmdrmt ttul, rbb prò r prl rd t d qut qut prblm fr rm mtur rt d d. Ovvmt u mlt ptt rt dll lu dvdut tt ll m dll mr può rt pr lug h, vlt, l lu h trttmt p mbrr mglr tr l gut g, m mprtt, d llrgr, d tpulr u ld t plt. Ad mp tr gl tud è dffu l vlut h rbb tt prfrbl u mp dl St lg qull td, prdt dll Rg lr r, mtt drttv dll mggr rgl h l mtr dll lgl. Dffl prò prprr qul mdll mp l mmt u qu tutt l Gut d trtr mlt d mdt. Vld dr rtr, vd prtlr l ptrm dl ttlm dmrt, ptrmm rt rprtr dll bll trvt d Lpld El Ptr Sppl Gupp Dtt Gupp Lt, pubblt ptum dl Mul, dll qul p b m l rttur d gvr dll prmvr 947 prfdmt gtv u tut dll d prt rptt ll f l dll ttut. I prtlr vr lu pr tmr rpr rmd pù frt ll tbltà ll ff d Gvr, vr dttt frmul prprl pr-pulr l d mr, hé fugr d rrd l uv Rg, fu mptt h m u lmt d gr tr prtt l. D P tmv u l uv 8 prl dll ltr, v r ftt, m ttl Dtt qull pg u «d pur dll ltr» h h grt «u prt trutturl h è tt qull h è tt», u «rttr vmt grtt» dl bmrlm prtr ll dbl dl Gvr, u rgr h ttut dmrt, tt l tg ll f prdt ll rd dl gr Pr h ttv l tm prlmtr ptt d mbttr l dgr mblr, vdd dtr u utv frt l tmr rt d u Frt pplr vt tt u pbl ldrhp d N, u l uffrg uvrl dl vrt dl Gvr. U gud lg, prpr u qut l d l prpv Vttr Bhlt l 94 qud, mmtd lu vg ull Stt, prpv l tt d «u tvl dffr fr l prt prgrmmt dll tr ttu qull h tbl d rd l truttur ttul dll Stt: vtr tlr ud l prm, frm l d u mpt d tp pr-ft, dgut qud ll fu uv dll Stt». Il put b lt d Bhlt r l p dll Stt l h tv vvd pr d d d dbl tbltà d gvr dp l mt tt dll lgg mggrtr dffr dll prlll tru dl wlfr Ighltrr Gvr d lgltur. tt Mrtt, md lg, prm 7 dtguv l qulbr lt «prtlrmt fl» dll prm prt dll rt dll dbl dll d, dtfd prblm prpl ll pbltà d ludr l r rm d rl dl rpprt d fdu h u dl tm prprl h rm «mlmt» dv ul tm d prtt ll r d u St m «utl dpp» dll mr. Ettmt d u u t l du rfrm gg l tr m u è rtt h gl uv. Bt pr, gl uv, ll fl pr tt d Rbrt Ruffll, «l ttd m rbtr» pr l lgttm -

6 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg rfrm drtt d gvr d prt dgl lttr, u u tò p l mvmt rfrdr dgl 9 l grd prtgm dll m ttl dmrt, ll uv tt pr tm dl rglm, ft ll prl rfrm dl Ttl qut h h mtut u prt tr lgltr rgl l Prlmt l rmt mmutt prdud qud u t brm dvt ll rt ttul. Ptr Sppl ll u Rpubbl d prtt, l lbr h h gt l b ulturl dl trghttmt ulturl dl ttlm dmrt vr l ttv pr l rfrm lttrl ttul, h mtrt m l ldrtà l ll vr mrt tt l ultm tttv d rprdr l fl dl lvr trrtt l 947, pr trur u mggr b d dv md d rdr prtbl l ltr trum. Sppl h rlvt m dp l fllmt dl prm tm d prtt h è mpl qut trdd, prmttd rfrm rlt dll mm B, p trvt u lv d mbmt l mvmt rfrdr pr l rfrm lttrl, grd d vvr l tr m d ptrl hudr rtmt d l. U dft h è prgut h uv tmt dl tm d prtt. All tr mput ull frm d gvr, tr dmr mmdt fdt u ttd m rbtr dmr mdt d prtt dp l vt (pr rfr ll t mmg dl grd tud Mur Duvrgr, prvt dl ttlm dmrt fr u l mm dl tr m tt trgì gl 9) è p ggut h qull mput ul tp d Stt. Avr rfrmt l Ttl qut l prtr lgltr rgl l St h pt Stt Rg d umtr l vlum dl t pr l rt, h gl ultm pr md brm r l mtà dl lvr d qut ultm, tdr dmur. l pt I gi ItrmII dll lt Al d là dgl ptt t dttglt dll qut rm prtt hr l ltrtv g. Sul tm lttrl l lt fdmtl è pttt trmt l Prlmt, tr u tm u gl lttr dd h ul Gvr dgd u hr vtr, m f l uv lgg lttrl hmt Itlum, l mtmt d u ttu qu, l tm ut dl rtgl dll rt, h vrbb bblgt Grd l trg lm pr u lug prd. Trtum dtur. Sull rfrm ttul l prblm è rt prfrbl rhr d dr l vt du mr trmb dv pr l Gvr, rultt ptlmt dvrt grd d trgr lgltr rgl, prptud qud l grv t d frt ll rt ttul. S trtt d u rfrm dv ll lbr, h ptrbb r ugulmt dv l vt fl d prlmtr. A qul put, prò, l prl rà ttd l rfrdum rà mprtt vdr qul v dvd gl lttr. Srbb prtt rrt frmr prm prhé l vr prv ull mtur l P d qut tm lug llvt r rlt rà muqu ffdt l gud d ttd rbtr, ltrmt mpdt glr. Sprttutt qud l rg pr u l l r tt dt p rtrt h t h fr tut pf d tt. L t u tut r pr d u dtttur dll mggr, é l rbb l vt ptv dgl lttr. L r rbb v, m glv D Gpr l 93, u ttbl rg u dktt mrtr mmtvt, l u gu rdrbbr d uv ul P. Ah qut mbt l pggr pt rbb qull d m.

7 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 7 t Itlum: l tpp h h prtt ll uv lgg lttrl 4 dmbr 3: t pubblt l g 4, l rt ttul dhr ttul l prm d mggr l lugh lt blt prfr dll Lgg ldrl (l ddtt Prllum) h vv rglt l l plth dl 6, dl 8 dl 3, trfrmdl u prprl pur u vt d prfr (prmt ultllum). U uv lgg lttrl vrbb qud dvut tr t d prp ttul dt dll ult. dmbr: gut l prg dl ltt grtr dl Prtt dmrt Mtt R, l mm Affr ttul dll mr d mr u prpt d lgg pplr d mdf dl Prllum dptt l 9 f u tt uft b trt ltr prpt d lgg d tv prlmtr. fbbr 4: dut l gvr Ltt, R dvt prdt dl gl dà ubt uv mpul l ddl, prtd umr mdmt l tt uft h l mdf prfdmt. E l prm vr d qull h l prmr btt Itlum: lmt t h l rm rltv ll l dl St, m l mr 4, durt lvr d ul, qut vg trlt, rdd ì l lgg vld l pr l mr d Dputt, ll tt dll rfrm ttul ll tud Prlmt h vrbb dvut rdr l mbl d Pl Mdm pù drttmt lttv. mr: L Itlum v pprvt dll mr prm lttur. 7 g : rrv l v lbr dl St. Dp dvr m d lt, l m dll rfrm lttrl r rpr prm dl m Pl Mdm vv ubt mprtt mdfh frutt d trtttv tr l prdt dl gl d u prt l ltr fr plth l mr tr l Pd dll ltr. All tt fl lu tr dll mr Pd rfut d vtr l prvvdmt, ud dll ul, rdd ì fdmtl pr l pprv vt d Fr Itl. fbbr: gut ll l d Srg Mttrll prdt dll Rpubbl l gut f dl Ptt dl Nr, Fr Itl mb l plt u l u vt trr ll tr lttur. 8 prl: l d vr dll rfrm lttrl pprd ll mm Affr ttul dll mr, h l trmtt ll Aul l 7 prl. 8 prl: tr l prtt dll pp, l gvr p l qut d fdu u tr rtl dl tt du (l qurt vv ubt mdfh qud rbb tt vtt) l t d vtr mdfh prt dgl rtl t qud u qurt lttur l St, dv umr dll mggr ì mp m Mttr. 4 mgg: dp vr uprt tutt tr vt d fdu, l rfrm lttrl v pprvt v dftv 334 ì, 6 4 tut. Al mmt dl vt fl prtt d pp dll ul g d prtt prt dll mr dl Prtt Dmrt vt tr plm l grtr-prmr R. 6 mgg: tt gl ppll dll pp, l Prdt dll Rpubbl Mttrll prmulg l uv lgg, h l 8 mgg v pubblt Gtt uffl. 7 -

8 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 8 rfrm L ttu bbt Rr L Vll 8 - RIFORME: PERHE NO Qut è u tttv d d-ttulr l Itl, d pr dll rpprt ll vttur, d llr l rul dll Stt ll vgl ul b mu gr dll gut l Rr L Vll, grlt ggt, gà prlmtr dll Str dpdt L uv ttu d dtr dll Rpubbl tl è tt prvvrmt pprvt dll mr d Dputt l mr r, r prhé. D l uv ttu prhé l d là dll lt umr dgl rtl mdft (pù d ), è l tr fgur dll Rpubbl h v mbt. È ò h tg Br, Ry Bd gl pt dll mr dl Pd, h pur l h vtt; d è ò h rult dl pgg, pr ull dr, dl bmrlm l mmrlm dl mbmt d vr dl rut dll fdu, h rrrà pù rr dl Prlmt l gvr, m vr flurà dl p dl Gvr l Prlmt, vvr prlmtr h, gr ll lgg lttrl pprvt, r lt d lu. D d dtr prhé ll trd lgut tr ò h prftt ll drltà ll prptu dl ptr è hmt d dtr, ò h prftt ll vrtà pplr ll qulbr dbltà d ptr è hmt dmrt d tr; d d dtr prhé l uv ttu è tt rtt d rt dl gvr dll dtr prlmtr, h l mr pr u rp plt qut l h vtt. D prvvrmt prhé u futr dr d vrl m pr «l 9 pr t frt» (t u Avvr dll mr), è fftt dtt h l pr trfrmtr tu l u r f ll f (lgt m è ll rt dl gvr: mul tbut t mul dt) è dtt h ultm t blt dl vt pplr l rfrdum, m gà vv l 6 l rfut pplr dll ttu d Brlu. D prhé qut, prt R, d u è vdt l tr plt mmdt h dl rt h vtt fd prt dl Prlmt, è hr l lg dgl ltr, d l rg pr u h vtt fvr tr l rfrm mlt dvr dll rg h dvrbbr prdr u vt ull ttu. Dvv r ftt u rfrm ll qul lbr l utà ruprt u grd tm dll Rpubbl tr mggr mr prlmtr (qu rptr l mrl utr dll ttut) v m l vt l Prlmt è tt ì frmmtt dv: l uv ttu è tt vtt d u l prtt (mm tutt) l u ppd l gvr, u tr d dputt ut fur dll ul, mmbr d u dll mr tt vtt dll prd d bbr l ttu (è l lbr h qull gtv), vt prtr h dvtv ì vltr mbl d ò h fftt tv fd qul vt.

9 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 9 l vll E d prhé, qut fvr dll uv ttu vtv prlmtr dl Pd h m, l ptt dl Nr, l vrbbr rtt qul md, h r tt mt dl prdt grtr dl Pd h d qull t rfrm dv h r bglt tl d prtr l Itl fur dll dmr. A fvr vtv h l mr dl Pd, h vv prm v mll bttgl dv h muqu qull r l ultm ì. tr vtv dputt d Fr Itl, tr l x dmrt Rtd; h duv l turltà d qul, d rd lu r ltr 7 dt dl grupp prdut d Brutt h pur vtd tr l rfrm pr dpl d prtt, dv d frl pr fftt ll ttu m pr fftt Brlu, rvdd rggl h rltà qull uv ttu r tt rtt d lr. Tutt ò rgurd l md u l uv ttu t vd ll lu. È u md ì gut h quvl d-ttulr l Itl, prhé f dr l ttu d qul tr d bltà d prtg d l ppl l vv rut m uprm rgl d t vl, l rdu u pdtt d rgl mut fgl, m l ltr lgg, dl ptr, vlut pr fr, pt ttrvr u fltt durm tr l dvr prt dl ppl h vrbbr dvut fr v l ptt rt tr lr. dll rpprt ll IvtItur Nl mrt l uv frm d gvr d Stt, l d là dl md u l vgl dfr mmrlm mprftt, prmrt lut, tm pr-prdl fgur l pgg d u dmr rpprttv u dmr dll vttur. L rpprt v m l lgg lttrl r l St rprtv pr d gl rgl, l vttur è b pr dll lg vt d l qul bg pr l r t dll l h vrà l ptr pr uv qu, h è pput l rv dl tm prlmtr. Il prblm è h l dmr dll vttur è l dvr, m ltrtv ll dmr prlmtr, ddrttur è mptbl l dmr qul è t ll ttu dl 47: pr ttut rpubbl turr l dmr vlv dr l tblr l frm pr u dmrt l ptr, m vlv dr gr l vrtà pplr u ptr rtt ll frm ttul pr rlr u dmr tl frm drtt prp fdmtl t ll rt. Duqu g l qudr ttul è l md u v vtt l vr pr gr d D vltà dll é l pgg d u mrh u plrh, m è g l mdrm prblm d u vr rl dll vrtà pplr (qud prf l h df pù m grrh m m ppl). L dmd h qut put m mbr rlvt pr è m l bttgl ul futur dll ttu r l qut ttl Itl. M hd qul prtt h qut tr ll tr dl ttlm tl. Bg rrdr h è, h è tt l ttu l ll tr dl tr P m ll tr d ttl tl, prtlr ll vd d qu ttl tllttul h h mt l trd d Lurt ttl d Rghtt d Mt, dll FUI d Mr d Adrtt, f rtrvt l MEI. L ttu è u prt ludbl d qut tr, d qut dttà. Srbb b rrdr ttl tl h l ttu è l put ulmt dll lr tr vl, l mglr h tt d l ttlm plt, m l ltr fmgl ulturl plth, h prdtt h lt m d l pr é m pr tutt. l titui ll tri IvIl di ttlii A mt dll ttu dl 47, h lu put drmt è tt rtt pr m d ttl, ttl l d bttm, è l Dmr rt d Rml Murr, è l prtt plurlt fl d Stur, è l Prtt pplr d D Gpr mtr pplr h bbdr l mtr Mul pr ppr ll lgg lttrl Arb (l Itlum dll p), l Fmm vrd d Tr Olvll d Fr Slv, è l rt prtg rmt mdt Eml d Gupp Dtt. E vll dll t- 9 -

10 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg - rfrm tu è l dmr rpubbl, è l l h rpr, uvrldl, l rt. 7 («l mutà plt l h dpdt d utm l u dll ltr l prpr mp») h prlmò l utm plt d l ttl l lt dll h pr l lbrtà plt l lbrtà d : u l h tuttv l Dmr rt dl tmp pì, prtdd d vrl prftmt tpt, rg pr u ruì prvvvr ll f dll utà plt d ttl grtt pr dpl lt, lt dttrlmt dl l; v l v pt, l tr rbb p tt dvr. I tutt qut vd, prm dp l t dll Rpubbl f dp l l, lm f ll u d Mr, l mt, l ll, l bdr d ttl tl h murt l ttu l plt m tt u d fftm, u prt d pù gvr, l rr d u t pr rdr pù pdt trllt l ptr, m tt v l dg d u tà um d u vt hum l prmt l rptt dll pr, l gugl, l lu dll l dll ultur rtt lu, l tdt ptr vv. È pr qut rg h u gr prt dl mvmt ttl, gg lrg mur fur d prtt, hd u pu d rfl l rv dll rv ttul tmp pù fvrvl, prhé h vlr mmttr h p r lgttm u rfrm pprvt d u Prlmt h d l rt è tt ltt md ttul, tuttv, m d Pl ll Prm rt, «tutt è lt!», «tutt gv», prttutt «u dv rr l prpr tr, m qull dgl ltr».

11 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg l vll Il frt l ttliim dmrti Nl vt rplg dl ttlm tl qull h è hmt prtlrmt u dll rv ttul è l trd dl ttlm dmrt. Il tm dll rpbltà d qut trd d R ll u rfrm ttul è tt pt u mb plm tr l. Fr M, h v d qull ul, Stf t, u rtl d pdr Brtlm Srg u Aggrmt Sl. Fr M d frt ll t d u rbb dt frmd u mpt ttl-r l Pd, h rbb d pr ttl-dmrt rt-l, rvv 3dm h p grd m h t qull trd Mr, Dtt, L Pr, Grrr, l t Mttrll «l mpr mplv è qull d u dt puttt h u tr qull fgur l plt dl Pd r», qutm rptt «l u tl u prdgm». E m pr m rgmtv l dt tr l grd l rprt qull fgur l r r, uppd tr lr «u mpr pr ull pf pft». Pr tr pdr Srg dvduv qull trd ddrttur «l rd» dl prgtt r, l qul mrrbb ll t d «u mdr prtt lbrl-l, rfrmt (d tr) grd d uprr l r dll dmr rpprttv durr l Itl ll dmr dll ltr (bplr)». Sd pdr Srg rbb gà tt u prdt rut d qut tttv, h è tt l t Prtt dmrt, l u Mft dl 6 ptulv u bl ktl ( pr dr pù gu pù r) h mtt m l rtm, l llumm, l pr lbrl, l pr lt, qull ttl dmrt, qull mbtlt, l fmmm, f, drtt vl. Pr pdr Srg R ddrbb ddrttur d Stur, h rbb h l tg d Vltr dl u prtt pgltutt, prhé l Appll lbr frt h dd vt l Prtt pplr, vrbb vlut rr (m trpp tp!) «u ggtt plt v mggrtr»: lu ruì, hé dvtt ttr d u prtt «tutt ml prtt gà tt», h p fu ppr d Mul, m d è l vlt bu. È vdt h pdr Srg dmt l lt trgt, è tlbrl tlr-mdrt d Stur, l u tru bttgl pr l prprl tr l rru d llg uml gtt d prftt, d pbt d pmf, dmt l u ltt pr l dmr plurlt tr l prtt dll N h llr r qull d Mul. Stf t d prt u trv l tt d Fr M «l dmtr h l ultur plth p trtr ì m r d u tm d prtt ll ltr»; prò h l ultur ttl-dmrt può «prr tutt tut pbl u v t l pt». A qut put prò l prblm d qul ru qut ultur dvrbb fr pr r mptbl l uv tm «dr u gud fvrvl dll rfrm tr», ptrbb rultr h rltà tl d mprtr u drmmt rttur d ttl dmrt l lr trd. Pr mp pr t tr l ttlm d Dtt h l t dr dl ttrbuv «ll Stt u rul d gt drtt mlt t» bgrbb gg rdttr l v llbrl dll Tr V, «pr l qul l ttu t, llt, rpbl», m vh trumt dll trvt pubbl bbdt. L v d Dtt dl ttlm dmrt h fu gut ll tà d prtt, rbb blt prhé tr «ll r dll ultur ttlt d tr d mtr mut lt». S può rvr prò h è prpr qut v h t l tr dll ttu dl 47 h dll rt. 3 truttur tutt qull h hm l «mpt dll Rpubbl»: rmuvr gl mpdmt d rd m l, h, lmtd d ftt l lbrtà l gugl d ttd, d tl l p vlupp dll pr, ll lbrtà ll gut. S ptrbb ludr h l rt. 3 è l vr pt g dll rfrm ttu- -

12 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg rfrm l, l vr pt g dll lgg lttrl, dl prtt dll N, dl pgg dll rpprt ll vttur, dll bl dl St, dl mbr vr l rut dll fdu, pù dl Prlmt l Gvr m dl p dl Gvr l Prlmt. E ptrbb dr l md ttl tl, gg dv tr h dfd l ttu h td rttmrl, h rbb l lm, prpr qud è u pp h vt ll ltt tr l «dtttur» d u m «vlt u p vrmt um», ttl trdr u ttu h v «l drtt d trll dgl Stt, rt d vglr pr l tutl dl b mu», m hd, l., l Ert Evgl gudum m l pp t d vr pr l qul rgg l ltt d pvr. - Ddl Bh, h put m Dp vr ttut dll mr l 4 mgg r l pprv dftv dll uv lgg lttrl, l ddtt Itlum, l gvr R put prtr h l ltr rfrm ttul h vv prm d rlr: l rfrm ttul h mdf l fu dl St (mttd f l bmrlm prftt), mb l Ttl V, h rgl rpprt tr tt rg. Sd l ttul frmul dll lgg l uv St rà mpt d tr ( pù 3): 74 r glr rgl, ltt mtd prprl d prpr gl rgl. Og rg lggrà u umr d tr ull b dl u p dmgrf, m l d h u rg p lggr m d du. Altr tr r ltt, mpr d gl rgl, tr d, u pr rg. Gl ltr qu tr r mt dl p dll Stt dr ttur tr vt. L durt dl mdt drà qull dll ttu trrtrl d u tr r pr, rvr lu dtà. Avr prò l t tutl d dputt è ptr r rrtt utr dl St t r ttpt trtt. Il uv St drà l vt d fdu gvr dgt dl prdt dll Rpubbl trvrrà u u umr lmtt d mtr (m rfrm ttul, lgg ttul, lgg lttrl dgl t ll, rtfh d trttt trl lgg u rfrdum pplr). Il ddl Bh (dl m dl mtr prpt, ttlr dll dlg ll rfrm) è tt pprvt prm lttur ll mr l mr r u mggr d 37 vt u 63. Or l tt p l St ( pp t l m mm) f pprvt ultrr mdfh dvrà mpr u pgg d ddtt d lttur ll mr l St. drd m ltmt mprbbl h l ddl p l mggr qulft d du tr, dp l vtul pprv dftv l uv lgg ttul dvrà r ttpt u rfrdum frmtv, m vv gl ultm du d grd rfrm ttul pprvt dl Prlmt tl: qull dl rltv l Ttl V (lgg frmt dl rfrdum) qull dl -6 rltv ll Prt II dll rt, h fu v bt ll ur dgl lttr qud llt.

13 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 3 l vll E tt ul t dl M m l dbttt Il tm dll rfrm ttul t utd u dbttt fut l P hrmt è tr tm ld dl frt h l Mvmt. Nll r ttm ul tr t bbm ptt lu v, rth fvrvl l pr rfrmtr, l tt d utr rfl mmt. Il prm trbut d pprr ul t è tt qull d Gr Prtgh Tu, pt d Lur Prtgh utd dll mmr d qull mutà dl Prll h bb u rul gftv ll t Itl rpubbl. Prtgh Tu h dffu u lttr prt prlmtr pr vtrl ll rt l ddl Bh prpr m dll rdtà d pdr bl dll rt dl 47: L uprfltà, l'rrg l lggr u t mttd m ll rfrm ttul ll lgg lttrl, m d u prut ff mdrtà, ttrr. U lttur, l u, trmmt rt: qut rfrm, m d u prut mdrtà, t dtruggd tutt l gr dmrth prvt d ttut. E Dtt, L Pr Lt gà duv l'ptà d pr pltmt, ò h t vvd r dmtr l'urmt tr d tutt u ultur plt dll't gut. E' ufft ltr l rg d prmtr dll rfrm pr mprdr l vut h 'è dtr. E llr m ugur h l mmt dl vt ppt dmtrr h l r tr ò h d ò h f l't plt vlr gbl. A Gr Prtgh h rplt, mpr u l glr l dl Mvmt Rffl Svg: S può rtr h l'itlum l mglr dll rfrm lttrl pbl, h h pr qut r l St ptr fr lt dvr, frm rtd l ftt h d mlt prt r lmtt ( m vv rg) l lt dl pr lgltv l'rrltà d u tm bmrl prftt. M m mbr dutbl prtr l lt dll'ttul mggr d gvr m trtt d lt tdmrth, tutà qull brlu: è prpr pr rpdr ppulm mprt d ll r d rpprt d prtt h è r trvr, pr vtr h vr ppulm (qull ì ptlmt tdmrt) up mpr pù l plt. Pr Svg dfdr l ttu qu rv u. E d frt d u r uv rv rprprr l rtt dl pt é prtr m gl u lgttm trprt dl pr dll "mutà dl Prll" d Gupp Dtt, h tutt rrdm fftt, rmt dvdr l % tutt l u gl vlut. Prpr qut vltà d fr vlr l'rdtà mrl d Dtt dl u grupp m mbr l'ptt pù dutbl dll lttr: l dbttt ull rfrm ttul dv rmr tr br d u dbttt rl l, t pltt. Itt, mlt rpbl dl MEI pugl prtlr brd dffdv u ltr lttr prt, tvlt drt l Prdt dll Rpubbl pr hdrgl d prmulgr l uv lgg lttrl pp lt dll mr (Mttrll, m è t, h uvmt ppt l u frm l drt). L lgg lttrl h l mggr h pprvt mbr prt hr prfl d ttultà h prttutt ll lu dll t dll rt ttul. dl 4 h h dhrt l llgttmtà ttul dl ddtt Prllum, h pgt frmtr, h ttv l'rbtt ttà l'rrgvl d u prm d mggr l u ttrbu vv ubrdt l rggugmt d prt dll frm vt d u gl mm d vt, l'ggrvt dll'g dl prm mdm dtrmd u tm h ptv dr lug ll frm d mggr dt du rm dl Prlmt l prv d dgl lttr dll pbltà d glr prpr rpprtt prlmtr l vt d prfr. Vv ht prò l p dll Stt d vvlr dll rtl 74 dll ttu pr vr u mgg mtvt ll mr pr hdr u uv dlbr ull lgg, d vtr ì l vr d u lgg t d ludr l d l d h l ult h dt l tt pru. U lgg h, m rpprt l rfrm dl St, frbb pr fvrr l vvt d u prdlm d ftt prv d trpp d dgut trll. 3 -

14 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 4 rfrm I r d uv qulbr Lug D Adr 4 - Il ddl Bh pt rg l dttgl: uv St, uv Ttl V l tttv d u blmt tr l t d gvrbltà qull d rpprttvtà dl tm Lug D Adr, ttult, vprdt dl MEI Ar u vlt l Prlmt tl pr l tttv d dr rp d u pu rv dll prt II dll tr rt ttul: dp l fllmt d dvr prgtt rfrmtr, dffrt pr t pr lt plt-ttul, hé vrmt vt lug l mpl prdur dlt dll rt. 38 t. (vvr lug l prdur drgtr pr gl t prfgurt), l r mr l mr d dputt h pprvt, d d prm dlbr, mdfd l tt gà lt dl St, u dg d lgg ttul rt Dp pr l uprmt dl bmrlm prtr, l rdu dl umr d prlmtr, l tmt d t d fumt dll ttu, l ppr dl NEL l rv dl ttl V dll prt II dll ttu. m è gvl vr dl brv ttl dl dg d lgg, prtt vgrmt ptrt dl gvr R, mltpl l mtr gl ttut d rg ttul h frm ggtt dl dg rfrmtr. Può qu pr rvr h l l dll fltà dl prgtt d lgg tut l ttl rltv è fftt mg: t fltà h è puttt rgl ur rptt d u rfrm dll pprt d vrt dl tm («l tmt d t d fumt dll ttu»: u g d tmp rd ll ultur plt mprt, ptrbb ptr ) d p d rlv bttvmt dr, pr qut rt trurbl («l ppr dl NEL»: tt vlt prgttt, tt vlt fumt xtrm ), prmt vg ut l du grd p tr ll qul rd l tr dg rfrmtr, rpprtt dl «uprmt dl bmrlm prtr» dll «rv dl ttl V dll prt II dll ttu» (rltv ll utm trrtrl, h gà r tt ggtt d rfrm ttul l ). Pr qut rgurd l prm p rfrmtr, trdu ll dffr dll du mr, tt l prfl trutturl h tt l prfl ful; pr qut rgurd l prm prfl, v rlv l rt., V mm (d r, l d putul vr rgurd l tt ttul rultt dll rv d pprvt dll mr d dputt), dl qul l St dll Rpubbl rpprt l ttu trrtrl. Pù pfmt, rult mpt, x rt. 7 t., d vtqu tr rpprttv dll ttu trrtrl (I mm), ltt d gl rgl d gl dll Prv utm d Trt Bl tr prpr mpt, mtd prprl, ll mur d u pr u, tr d d mu d rpttv trrtr (II mm), hé d qu tr h p r mt dl Prdt dll Rpubbl (r I mm) qut ttd h h llutrt l Ptr pr ltm mrt l mp l, tf, rtt lttrr, durd r tt pbltà d uv m (rt. 9).

15 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg d'dr Duqu, ul trr trutturl fgur u St m mr dll utm, ll qul r prt pt d gl rgl ( dll Prv utm d Trt Bl, d l Prv m t ll ttulmt r ppr, d l uv frmul dll rt. 4) d mu, qul è vlut dr u rpprt ll mr lt prbblmt rg dl frt rdmt tr (ltr h gftv p ttul plt, turlmt ) d u tl t ll gd l tr P, lddv l mr d dputt tu rpprtr l rp lttrl l qut tl. S tt è l dffr tr mr d dputt St dll Rpubbl ul trr trutturl, prmt mrt prt l dffr tr l du Ambl ul p dll fu (f d gg dl tutt mu pr du rm dl Prlmt). Nl dg rfrmtr, ftt, è l l mr d dputt d r ttlr dl rpprt d fdu l Gvr, ltr d rtr l fu d dr plt, l fu lgltv qull d trll dll prt dl Gvr (rt., IV mm), lddv l St è hmt, fdltà l u rul d rpprtt dll ttu trrtrl, d rtr l fu d rrd tr l Stt, l U urp gl t ttutv dll Rpubbl, prtpr ll frm (f dt) d ll ttu (f ddt) dgl tt rmtv dll plth urp, rrr ll vlut dll plth pubblh dll ttvtà dll pubblh mmtr, ll vrf dll ttu dll lgg dll Stt hé ll pr d prr ull m d mpt dl Gvr prvt dll lgg (rt., V mm). Iltr, l St rr, d mdltà dffrt, ll r dll fu lgltv, pur dvlut l grl, m è rlvt, ll ttlrtà dll mr b: tl fu è rtt llttvmt dll du mr pr l lgg d rv dll ttu l ltr lgg ttul, ltt pr l lgg d ttu dll dp ttul rt l tutl dll mr lguth, rfrdum pplr, l ltr frm d ult d u ll rt. 7, hé pr ltr lgg d pulr rlv pr l tm dll utm trrtrl, ptd tl lgg r brgt, mdft drgt l frm pr d lgg pprvt d l t prdur (rt. 7, I mm); pr l ltr lgg l St, tr trt gr dll mft dll vltà d mr l rltv dg, può dlbrr prpt d mdf dl tt, ull qul l mr d dputt pru v dftv, b ptd l lgg r prmulgt d utl drr d tl trm (vvr d m d vltà dll mr lt d mdfr l dg) (rt. 7, III mm). U ultrr prdur è dpt dll rt. 7, IV mm, h prvd, pr l lgg l qul, u prpt dl Gvr, l Stt trv mtr rrvt ll lgl luv [turlmt, ttl] qud l rhd l tutl dll utà gurd m dll Rpubbl, vvr l tutl dll tr l (rt. 7, IV mm), l m bblgtr dl St l trm d d gr dll dt d trm dl tt, qulr l St prpg mggr lut mdf, l mr d dputt può frmr tl mdf ltt pprvd pur l tt mggr lut. Evdtmt, trtt d vtà rt mrgl rptt ll trd tr dl tr P (h h rm vrt l gl d tqut ), h prò dvr r mplmtt d ttut ptà vtv d qulbr d tutt ggtt (plt d ttul) vlt d h mpgt dll tllgt rfl rt dgl tud. L d p tr ll qul rtl l prgtt d rv ttul ll m dl Prlmt, m è gà t, è rpprt dll rfrm dl Ttl V, rltv l tm dll utm ll. Smbr mpbl glr ll uv frmul dll dp rmpr tl ttl l g d u vltà trltr ll mbt d rpprt tr Stt Rg: m pr pr lqut d u ml dg l rll l tr d lu mtr h r tt, ll vll dl, dvlut tutt prt ll Rg h vg vrt tr l mtr d mpt dll pttà lgltv luv dll Stt: bt qu glr, prpt, l rdmt dll f pubbl dl tm trbutr, l tutl ur dl lvr; plth ttv dl lvr, l rdmt dll prf dll mu, l prdu, trprt dtrbu l dll rg, l frtruttur trtgh grd rt d trprt d vg d tr l rltv rm d ur; prt rprt vl, d tr l trl [rt. 7, II mm, rptt. ltt. ), ), t), v), )]. Nll -

16 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg rfrm t dr pr ì dr, -ttlt m mbr muvr h u ltr gftv lt prt ll rfrm dll rfrm dl Ttl V, ttut dll lm (lm frml) d g pt d pttà lgltv rrt, fvr dll l ltt dll mtr ffdt v luv ll Stt dll mtr d mpt rgl (d prltr ptvmt prvt h rt dvlut ll Rg g mtr prmt rrvt ll mpt luv dll Stt : rt. 7, III mm). Tuttv, è d rtr l lm dll l (gg rt dl II mm dll rt. 7, l tt vgt) d mtr dvlut ll pttà lgltv rrt, l Stt h dtt prp fdmtl dll mtr l Rg h p l rm d vlupp d dttgl, vlg lu md d ludr h ull t mp mtrl p vr tt rm pt dl lgltr ttl qut rm dttt d lgltr rgl: bt drr u è d mpt dll Stt l frmul d dp grl mu ull tru, vvr d dp grl mu ull tru frm prfl, d dp d prp ull frm tv d mu, d dp grl mu ull ttvtà ulturl ul turm, d dp grl mu ul gvr dl trrtr [rt. 7, II mm, rptt. ltt. ), ), p), ), u)], h m mbr rmt mplr u rm d dttgl d prv rgl, hé ll pt dll lul d uprm tut l gà tt IV mm dll rt. 7, h t ì ll Stt d lgfrr mtr h l d prp dvlut ll Rg, m ltt rg dll g d tutlr l utà gurd m dll rpubbl l tr l, rtd mprgudt, pr rdu prfl dll mtr, l mpt lgltv rgl. S è gbl l pr d u rrlvt pt -trlt ll trm dl dg d lgg d rv ttul, pur m mbr mh lmt h b p dtrmr u vlu dl tm dr dl rffrmt dl vlr utmt: prm lug, m pr h dbb drr h l t mp dl St, l qul rpprtt l ttu rgl mul, p pr qul d trutturl d u rvtl dl prp utmt, phé trmt l St fgurt qul mr dll utm prt pr ì dr l prfr vr l t tr (turlmt, plt-ttul), frm d u mdll d utmm prtv, h vv d rg tr dvr lvll trrtrl d gvr. L vlr dl plurlm trrtrl può rtmt r fvrt dll ttu dl vllt rt. 6, III mm, h t l ttrbu ll Rg ttut rdr, h trv d d qulbr d bl, d ultrr frm d prtlr d utm, rltvmt d u l d mtr v tut, fr d u t l Stt ull b d u lgg bmrl. S trtt d u dp, prltr lg d u gà prt l tt ttul (mpr l III mm dll rt. 6), h prfgur u mdll d rglm d tp dffrt, h dvrbb tr pr l u d u pltà dffu ( pù rfrt ll l qu Rg f qu mt dll rt. 6, I mm). If, lt but t lt, m mbr h l lt, prt dl lgltr ttul d prdr ll lm dll Prv dl vr dgl t ll ttutv dll Rpubbl, x rt. 4, ptrbb ( fr dvrbb ) r fruttt m pr u rpmt dl umr dll dm (, vul, d f) dll Rg d mu (ltr h, turlmt, dll ttà mtrplt, h ttd d trvr p vg): urtmt dvdud r trrtrl mg (pr v m, trd ulturl, truttur l..) uprd l ttul tu d frt frmmt (plmt d.d. mu-plvr dll Rg dl tr-ud), prdrbb dr d u rpmt d Rg mu h è upbl, m h rgvlmt prvdbl, f pr ltr l fr pltttul mglrr lvll d rdmt. Suprmt dl bmrlm prtr rfrm dl tm utmt pg dubb m rd dl dg d rv ttul ll m dl Prlmt; m pr ltr du t l rv dll qul trdu lu

17 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 7 d'dr vtà rt mrgl ll rt ttul. L prm è rpprtt dl rffrmt dl Gvr, dll u tbltà dll ff/ff dll u. S trtt d qut rt dt: gà d d Ambl ttut r tt pprvt l.d. dg Pr, h pruv pr l d dll frm d gvr prlmtr d dplr, tuttv, dptv ttul d tutlr l g d tbltà dll d Gvr d vtr l dgr dl prlmtrm. Pr rg mltpl, può b dr h l up rt dll dg Pr rmt lrgmt dtt ll dp ttul rltv ll frm d gvr, d prm tuttr u t ppgt d rfrm ttul, u vrmt prt ph d tttv f qu prt d rv dl mdll ttul vgt rd rpprt tr Lgltv d Eutv. Ebb, dv fuggr m l tt ll m dll mr l prpl v, ful l dg d rffrmt dll tbltà dl Gvr, l gà llutrt uprmt dl bmrlm prftt l rdmt p ll l mr d dputt dll rl fdur l Eutv. I rltà, trtt d u rfrm, qut, dfflmt ttbl ( ftt m pr d u ttt!), ltt prhé p l gl ltr tm h dtt l frm d gvr prlmtr, u d qul l mm dll dpp fdu, m h prhé l rttr rm frtmt tbl dl rp lttrl (prltr dt fr l du Ambl rpprttv) rd prtmt mprbl l grv rh d dll t mggr du rm dl Prlmt. M l rfrm ll m dll mr r u ltr gftv dp h p vdtmt l bttv d grtr l Gvr l pbltà d dprr d prlmtr dgl trumt rglmtr r pr ttur v lgltv l prpr prgrmm: l rt. 7, VII mm, prvd h, l lu dll lgg bmrl, dll lgg mtr lttrl d utr ll rtf d trttt trl, dll lgg d mt dll lgg rhmt dll rt. 8, VI mm, rltv ll qulbr d bl, l Gvr può hdr ll mr d dputt d dlbrr, tr qu gr dll rht, h u dg d lgg dt m l pr l ttu dl prgrmm 7 -

18 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg rfrm d gvr rtt prrtà ll rd dl gr ttpt ll pru v dftv dll mr d dputt tr l trm d ttt gr dll dlbr (trm tlu dffrbl d ltr qud gr). L d t hrmt rvvbl ll trm dll rfrm ttul pprt ll pù gu pr dl ttulm mdr, phé trdu ll g, qutmt lbrl, d lmtr l ptr d gvrt. È qut prpttv grtt h ll vrt dp dl tt d rfrm: dll rt. 83, h l qurum gg ft pr l l dl Prdt dll Rpubbl, tbld h dl qurt l t rut l mggr rht d tr qut dll Ambl, lddv dl ttm rut è ufft l mggr d tr qut d vtt, ll rt. 64, II mm, v ttu h rglmt dll mr grt drtt dll mr prlmtr h l rglmt dll mr d dputt dpl l ttut dll pp ; dll rt. 73, II mm, h trdu l pbltà d ttprr u dt prvtv ( prd l prmulg) d lgttmtà ttul l lgg lttrl, u rr d u qurt d mmbr dll mr d dputt u tr d mpt dl St d prpr tr d gr dll pprv dll lgg ul qul l rt ttul è hmt prur tr l trm d trt gr, ll rt. 77, IV mm, h ttul u r d lmt dll drt d urg gà dvdut dll lgg rdr dll gurprud ttul. Nll mdm prpttv, vlt prr lmt l ptr d gvrt, gvld l pbltà d u dll tv rfrdr, qudr l vll dll rt. 7, dl qul l prpt ggtt rfrdum è pprvt dll mggr d vt vldmt pr h prtpt ll vt l mggr dgl vt drtt, vt d tttml lttr, l mggr d vtt ll ultm l dll mr d dputt. m mrg dll brv rg d tut pù qulft dl prgtt d rv ttul ll m dl Prlmt, dl ll g d u g d qulbr tr l t d gvrbltà, h trdu mm vlt d urr ll Eutv tbltà fr plt-ttul, d u prt, l t d rpprttvtà dl tm, h mp d lmtr g ptr (plmt dl Gvr) l prt dl plurlm dll mr, dll ltr prt. E gà d qut rv può b mprdr m m p dvbl l p h du l rdl prltà dl put d vt dll flg lbrl-dmrt: ò h gf, turlmt, h gl prt dl tt uttbl d rth plt d vlut prpl. Il prfl dll rfrm h m mdt prr mrt pù d ltr d r dgutmt ttlt ptvmt gudt è rpprtt dll t, rvvbl, fgurr u rdmt uttmt trlvll, è u rdmt h pp trvr l prpr brtr gà ll tr dll ttu dll Stt vr (d u lg trdlmt ttlt d utrfrl), m puttt tr u ftt rt d rl tr dvr lvll trrtrl d gvr (dll U urp l mu) d dvr tm tr u rtl l mutà pltmt rgt, ttmt grt tmt plmt dll r d drtt vlbl dll um dll dmpmt d dvr drgbl d ldrtà plt, m l.

19 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 9 L lu l mbr Rt Bldu rfrm Iprdt dll rfrm ttul t d dgr u qudr d lu mbr. D u lt, mbr h l tt l ddtt mtd dll rfrm ttul, l d dr d dvdur prdur rgm drgtr rptt ll dp dll rt. 38, bb prtt frtu, dll mm B dgl Ottt ll mm D Mt-Itt dll prm mtà dgl Nvt, dl uv mtt Spr ll mm D Alm dll d mtà dl mdm d. Pr tr, mpr ll t r tmprl, l prdur dll rt. 38 tt ftt rv ttul h mprtt: mtr b, dpl d rt mtrl, prdmt d d mt dult, frm d gvr rgl utm ttutr, vt dgl tl ll tr, Ttl V, prtà tr pr l gl uff pubbl ll rh lttv, dvt lut dll p d mrt, ì v. Ah l du mx-rfrm p bt dl rfrdum ttul dl 6 v pprvt u prdmt rdr. Str dtr l rtl 38 duqu l mbr r d tl, m ut. È prbblmt qut u dll rg h h dtt l gvr R uprr l prdmt, vvt dl gvr Ltt ll dll XVII lgltur, vlt prvdr l pprv d u lgg ttul h, ull b dll m prlmtr, vrbb tblt u rmtv lrt pr l rv ttul. Avv vut md d mmtr m tl mtd, pr ptr r ttulmt mptbl, dv tdr m u rffrmt u dblmt dll gr ttul. L lgttmtà ttul d u drg ll rtl 38 è ftt trttmt llgt ll rt h l drg mprt u umt u dmu dll gr, qut può dr, ll tt dll ttu tl d u prp d fd, trt lu tr l g dll rgdtà ttul l prp d ff dll ttu. Né l rhm l prp d rgdtà ttul dv fr pr u rt d ptm rvtrm ttul t dtrr. L rgdtà dll ttu è ftt u qu pr dl ttulm lbrldmrt gf tutt l prt d pù dbl dll mr: è u vlr d prdr m. Qut rgmt v rpr gg, l mmt u rgm u u mprtt rv ttul h, t gud l rgl dll rt. 38, dm prt l frt pulrtà d r prtt vut d prpl ttr m u rt d ultm pgg dll rfrm (dp tt d ffrmt lud), l h lgtt- Il prr rfrmtr gg tt t u dllmt tr bttv dhrt rl rt: r pbl d rrttv? Rt Bldu, ttult, mmbr l dl gl uprr dll mgtrtur, gà prdt dl MEI 9 -

20 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg - rfrm mrbb ltt l rul gud dl Gvr qut tmp tut dl prdmt d rv, m l llgmt tr l bu t dl mdm l tutà dll lgltur. Or, è dvbl h (dp tt prlr, trt rg, dll tà d v mdfh ttul m prm pr l rpr dl P) l t gtv dl prdmt d rv tturbb u r fttr d dblmt dll ttul h prtt dbb fr md h bb u b ptv, è ltrttt mprtt r pvl h l mbmt dll rgl ttul rpprt u trr dv mm frtur, p l vr m tl dl prp d rgdtà m pr rrdt. Tl prp, gà tt u pruppt (m vdrà mgl pù vt) u dl dvr gft h l mggr pl h l grt um pr d u lgg lttrl mggrtr frt prm d mggr, rh d vr fft qulr ll t ul rptt d tmp dl prdmt mpg l mm fr pr dvdr tut. U d ptt u u è mprtt trvr u dv è l rpprt tr frm d gvr tm lttrl. Tlvlt è tt ffrmr h l lgg lttrl u gu dll lt ull frm d gvr. È vr, pr tr, h l lgg lttrl, pù rrttmt, l frmul lttrl flu mpr l fumt dll frm d gvr, m bbm vut md d prmtr l tr P dv l mdm frm d gvr dgt dl ttut h vut b tr dvr lgg lttrl l. I u ud dl 8 mr 997, pr l mm bmrl h ll p r tt vtt dl prdmt d rv, v fu u mmrbl dlg tr Gv Srtr l llr tr Lpld El, l r dl qul l prm bb d mmttr h ì, r vr, «l gmb t l tm lttrl, lì bg prtr». Nu dubb llr r l trltà dll du ull lgg lttrl, h ll lu dll t. dl 4 dll rt ttul h, h tut pd pr qu u m l ddtt Prllum mputdl dl prfl pù vdt d trt l tt ttul, h mt d mmr l plt r lu g mm d rpprt d rpprt tr ddt d lttr h p m r dmtt. Sm llr ur h l uv lgg lttrl, l Itlum rptt l tdrd dll t. dl 4? h prdu «u v dvr tr l mp dll rg dll rpprt plt, h è l tr dl tm d dmr rpprttv dll frm d gvr prlmtr prfgurt dll ttu, l vltà d ttd pr ttrvr l vt, h ttu l prpl trumt d mft dll vrtà pplr, d l rt., d mm. t.»(m prm l t tt)? L dmd è, dp qut pr ffrmt: d u gud d uff dll uv lgg qut ll gr dl prp d rpprt ddrbbr ftt gu mmdt qut l rptt dl prp d rgdtà ttul t l gft pù mp prd t. A u lgg lttrl può hdr ltt h prdu u mggr gvrt h lgttm l ldr dl mmt, m ltrì ( fr prttutt, m qu l dr prtrbb trpp lt) h fvr l r d qul dvr v d u prl l rt. 48 dll ttu: u dvr h, ll dmr tmpr, ppr mpr pù rv gltt, trtt m è tr l dffu d u ggttvm prt, l gut r dll rpprt, l drdt d ggtt ttul d mlt rp trmd, mr d qu prtt u l ttu h ffdt u rul dlt qul qull d r trumt ffhé ttd p rrr, mtd dmrt, tm h dtrmr l plt l. U tr ptt prlmr tm d mbmt ttul tt ll tà d mputr ll ttu ltt qull dfu h trv ft ll trprt u h dt rg, tdl b dtt d qull dfu mputbl d ltr u, è pput ll lgg lttrl, rglmt prlmtr, ll lr trprt ll pr ppltv, hé l (ml)tum plt-prlmtr h u vlt rmd u d rd trulturl.

21 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg bldu S trtt d u prm mprdbl pr rdurr l du ttul trl trpp tr prut rvtr prut rfrmtr. L mp pù ff qut prpt è prpr l du ul uprmt dl bmrlm prtr. Nu dubb h l dupl d prdur p d mbl dtt dll mdm lgttm lttrl d ttrbu prhé ml rpprt gg u fttr d bttv mpl dl tr tm, l qul l p pubbl, h qull pù vvrtt, gurd rt fvr. Prmt, u dubb h h l vrtultà ptv d u tm bmrl (d mp, l mggr pdr h t l prdmt lgltv) ffut dl tutt trvlt dll dr dll vt dt qultà fl dl prdtt lgltv, tr h qut t vrtultà ptv td vr m pr d u rm prmr ffdt mur prpdrt d tt fr d lgg ( prtlr drt-lgg, l u prdmt d vr lgg l pprt dll d mr h m l tt rdu b p ) d tt prlmtr tut prhé bblgt (lgg d vr d drt-lgg, lgg d utr ll rtf d trttt trl). S duqu pm gurdr ll ppr dl ptr d dr rvr l fdu l Gvr ffdt l St, m pur ll rdu dl u trvt l prdmt lgltv, m mur dvbl h lgttm l ggrmt ttul, dvr è l dr d rrvr ll dtà d qut mur l f dl mglrmt dll qultà dll lgl dl ptmt dll ptà rpprttv dl tm ttul, bttv pr l u rggugmt l rfrm dl bmrlm prtr ppr gftv:, u trvt rfrmtr b mdtt ptrbb lltr mprmttr l rggugmt d tl bttv. Prpr d qut ultm dr vrr prtr pr ttr d dr u mmr vlut dl prr rfrmtr tt. Smbr dffl rgr u dllmt tr bttv dhrt rl rt. Pm l uv St. Il mm d lt d futur tr (l d prt d gl rgl) mbr lt dll ptà dl St fr d prmr l Fr prfd, dll mpltà lrtà dl Budrt td, pr lmtr mr du tr mdll p vt ll du tl. L prpt pbl r mlt: l vr lqudt trpp tt l lu mrt mprr l d mr ltt rpprtt dll utm trrtrl, m h pt dll ddtt utm ful (mr d mmr, uvrtà ul, rd prfl), h gvt qull llrgmt rqulf dll rpprt prlmtr h ttu u dll tà dll tà dmrth tmpr. Rrd prpt h l tr Mt, l llbr dll. Llltt, mttmm put u dg d lgg ttul (Att St. 46), pfh prpt pr vlrr l utm ful l, ll tr d u mdll d St l tmp t d rpprt dll utm d gr. Sull rpprt dll utm v p rbdt h l tr P ltt qull trrtrl, m h l utm ful qull l (dt, vltrt, tr ttr). Sm ur h v u md rprtv d dr v ll frm trmd, ì rul l mmt u l prblm d fd è l dll tà? Ar: ll tr d qull h ptrmm hmr l «qut rpprttv» ll l rpprt tr-prfr prtlr l mtmt dll Stt rgl utmt dgt ll ttu dl 948 ultrrmt rffrt ll rv ttul dl. Sul put, v uprt u trdd prlmr: può l tmp t vlr mpltr, ttrvr l prtp rgl ll d mr, l rv dl (h tdv u rffrmt dl rglm, ddrttur vtur fdrlt ) rtrr drtmt mtr fu ll Stt. U rglm dvvr rpbl rhd u ppr dvr, trt ull quttà d mpt, m ull qultà d trll tutl dll tr grl, ll u df pput u d mr qulh md rpprttv dll utm può dr u trbut mprtt. Dtt ltr prl: è dtt h Rm f pr fr mgl d Tr d V d Br, m dbbm fr md h gl bttv h l tm P l u m dà rggut tutt trrtr, lm l lr tut l. h lu lt dl vd rvt h pr- -

22 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg - rfrm tlr rr rprtr ll mpt ttl tlu mtr trpp frttlmt dmdt llr ll rg (u mp pr tutt: l rdmt dll f pubbl dl tm trbutr) è p lrgmt dv dvbl, ull dll t gurprud ttul. L mprtt prò è rptr qull rrr duqu dvdur rrttmt l u dll ddft fumt dl tr tm rgl utmt pprtrv r pprprt rrttv. E prpr qu t l put. S mputt l fu l rt l rprt d mpt tr Stt rg ll prv ttul dll mtr d lgl rrt (ll Stt l prp fdmtl dll mtr, l rt ll rg), drt l prpl u dl t ttul. L l è mmr mpr: l m dll gurprud ttul mtr h l t t rm fur dll mtr rrt (lv l gà mt rdmt dll f pubbl) h v rgurd prpr l l dll mtr d mpt luv ttl, pr rmbl, qull ttulmt ffdt v rdul ll rg. U mp, trtt dl mp tr, può rvr m mp d qut qu rvt. L «tutl dll lut», ttulmt lu ll lgl rrt qul vlu dll rgr mpt tm d t tr pdlr (lgmt pr l «tutl ur dl lvr» pr l «lmt»), h t d tmp d r ft d gftv t ttul rm l qut h rgurd l tà vg rlv lmt prpt dll lul d lvll l d t tr qull dl rdmt dll f pubbl. L rfrm, ppr l lgl rrt, «phtt» l mtr tr tr mpt luv ttl («dp grl mu pr l tutl dll lut», «dp grl mu pr l ur lmtr» «tutl ur dl lvr») u mpt rgl (luv?) ull «prgrmm rg d rv tr». Or, prt l prblmttà d du mpt rprmt luv mtr trt, tl rprt rh d grr uv dffl t. I prm lug, pr l tr dffltà d dtrmr l prmtr dll dp grl prttutt d qull «mu», l u mbt mbr qut, l

23 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 3 bldu pr dll ltr lgh lul tut ll rfrm, r lt ll pprmt lbr d Gvr Prlmt, l gut dffltà d mprdr l rtr d ttrbu dll mpt, tt pù pr d u mpt rgl tm d prgrmm rg d rv tr (pr fr u mp, l ttul tt dll tà dlt è è mdfbl dll mpt rgl ull rg d rv?). I d lug, u dll mpr pprtmt ul dtrm d tlu ggtt, mbr dffl u vv pf tr l mpt ttulmt rtt dll rg tm d ur dl lvr ( tm d lmt, h l rfrm rrv ll l ur lmtr) l mpt luv ttl qut ll dp grl mu mtr d tutl ur dl lvr. I tr lug, l rt h l rfrm trtt ll t md ggtt mtrl ì dvr m l tà, l t l l tru (tutt rprtt tr mpt luv ttl qut dp grl mu, mpt rgl ull prgrmm rg d rv tr l mtr d rv lt) rr l frt rh d prdurr drm u tm l qul l tt, tt l prfl ttul, tt qull dll lgl rdr, dll mpt mp tr, ltr h l qudr ffttul rgtv h gl f d ubtrt, prfdmt dvr rptt ll tt mtr d t l d tru. Il dubb pù frt h l tt ttul dll rv ttul m r tt prò l lgm (dhrt) tr u rfrm h tr ggmt l rpbltà plt u l mr u lgg lttrl h, m è t, dà l prtt pù frt u ptr qu lut l qudr d u frmul lttrl pprtmt prprl rltà prmggrtr, prò ptr bfr d qugl lmt h rd tllrbl mdll mggrtr (llg uml, mpt ll-l). A ò ggug h l tm dll mggr pl h l ttu tl h prvt pr l frm dgl rg d gr (prdt dll Rpubbl, gud ttul, m) pr l pprv dgl tt d gr (rv ttul, rglmt prlmtr) è trmt lgt l pruppt d u frmul lttrl prprl: lgg lttrl h v ffd utmtmt l mggr lut h u vtr mrtr, l tm dll mggr pl rult rt rptt ll rg h prr l ttut prtt p ( d gg) l prblm d trdurr mm dvr, h mpd h l vtr d tur dll l pr l mr d dputt p upr prpr pmt l ttu d gr fr pprvr rltv tt, dptd qull qulbr h, gud dll grltà d mmttr dgl tud, h ttut ttu l qultà pù mprtt dll tr rt ttul. m trdurr tl mm blr prdmt dl è rtmt u d d dll tr du, l qul r è prtt u tt ufft (l rr pprtt ll l dl prdt dll Rpubbl è l p dl prblm puttt h l lu dl mdm). S r pbl trvt rrttv? Gvrà tutt rflttrv. I u trvt d mtà Sttt Ald Mr mmttv r pù d tt trt mdfh ttul d r fr pù trt prfl d gut ttu dll rm ttul: prò, ggugv, ddm d vr bg d mbmt, llr dbbm frl d, prhé l ttu l rv dll pr. A prblm d gut ttu, h tu r prt qul l ttlm dmrt è trmt bl, gg ggug l tà d rpr l tr bmrlm, d rlr u mglr qulbr tr g d rpprt d g d gvrbltà, d tr m mgl tr prfr, d dtr d u lgg lttrl h ut rtrur u rpprt tr gl lttr, mpr pù rr, gl ltt, mpr pù l. 3 -

24 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 4 rfrm mbr l P frmd Fr Ohtt 4 - D u grupp d gvl dl md ttl rtrv m ll rvt d gut pr u pr d frm ll plt ll prtp ttv Fr Ohtt, gut, rdttr d L vltà ttl Èrm l t h lu gv rpprtt d l d pr ttl rtrv m vltà ttl pr fr frm plt. Qull h mbrv u pl g, pr l t d lu grupp, è dvtt rm u pputmt tt, r d pr d tut h g vlt f prpr u futur h t gà trud m. IIm l fr I mltipli Il mm d frm ll dll pr dvv rvr pr frr tut rpprtt dll d mvmt d pr ttl prt l Frum l d gv. P, l pr h qutt u u utm h rv l tu l qull d rur l m dll prd dll f l fr. L tu l è tt vlut dl lu prd l (A, Ag, Fu M) mtr vltà ttl, d dll pù t rvt tl, h frt l p pr pr rflttr, trr r, m h pr pr m l P ut dll t rd ulturl prtul. N prm du dl prr bbm tudt l rpprt dll plt ltr mbt u trg (grlm, dplm, md ), gl ultm du, v, m trt mtrr l gft dll dmr tudr l rfrm ttul. I qut ultm du ltr mtrr l vlu dll rfrm ttul, rhm d pr qul trplg t flud l plt. È pr qut h bbm pprfdt tm dl gdr dl ptumm. P bbm tt l tm dll rfrm dl lvr, ffrt trumt rt h ffr l mrt dl lvr l ttu urp bbm trttt h l tm dll rmltà dll rru h t dlgd l P. N m prtt d r. L ultur dll ttlh è r d h u rul l P fdmtl, lmt pr l rul dutv, m h pr l dm dl vltrt, dll l rttv, dll pr ul trrtr d uv frm d m. A qut, h ttu u rg ll fldmt l dl P, l bltà h t rd l mm è qull d fr u p pù trfrmr qut rv plt. Imm, mltplr tvl mpg bbm trvt u qulbr u tl d prtp ttv. frmri l prpliti hdm: l md dll m può duqu r prlr d gvr, vld qut trm ttlr prttutt l rl rg tr prtp d ttd r dl ptr pubbl?

25 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg htt N ftt l ttlh p trbur fr trr l prtp l rpbltà h muv dl b, è dl gl t dll tà vl, l ptr l rpbltà rtt dll lt, è lr h tt ltt gvrr lvll ll l. Pr l md ttl, prtlr qull gvl, l rfl rtr ull qultà dll gr «ul vr dv» puttt d hdr l «m» tr plt. tur hdr frmr u prtt u, fr flur l pr d ttl u hrmt upr l tr tt flut fr d pr ttl mpd d fr mrgr l dmd hv: prhé è mprtt h l md ttl rmg ut. Vld ur u mmg, è m prm d prtr pr u vgg v d r l mt prurr lu utl trumt pr l mm, prr tutt l rg pr glr l trd ltrtv pr rrvr ll mt t. I ltr prl l prrtà dll ul d plt è qull d urr l dmr tutt l u frm, u ur d utrr prìp dll duhm pr pltmt ll lu dll Dttr l E D Vt* P XII, prld l mr 9 prr qurmlt d Rm rvv: «Qud d u prt t l frvr d tt mpr, v u frm, v u rllt l p, u rprm, dll'ltr dv rr h gl fftt qul tt mpg d rg tt bg frbbr prvdr, l dubb fr mbtt trpp d é l, trpp lgt dut. h... h gv rmr l lvr ptl l lum d prp h rgl g rtt llbr». F rflttr l'ttultà d qut prl, l lr rt pr qul dubb h h trv p ll mt ur d tt gv h vv tum mpg l prrh, l ul, l uvrtà l ttà. V lmtt d u prt dll ft dll'mpg h mbr dr frutt prt dll'ltr dll trr l mtltà prvlt dl tt mb t. N è ph l'ttul tt tl, h tr l tt dbl ffr dll' d u ultur plt l rtà d lugh p d fvrr lbr ulturl, pr u prgttr h vd ltr l "qu d r". Può r l lt ttl "g d trdd" qut tmp d dttà vlt, lt d g lgm d u mlt d dff, fft dll'f dll fdu? Al prblm h è fr dr d'rd vr p ttl, m qull d trur u rt mu, l pbltà d mttr mt u prr pr u prgtt lt prv rpdr l'pr d u rdmt d rltà gvl d pr ttl h mpg m pr pltmt u tm dll dmr ll lu dll Dttr l dll h. U fd h v vt u d qulh, rrht dll vvltà dll dffr, è u rpprt tr dvr h d ll rr, m d frt rggmt, pr fr rr u mu ll h ll tà, l rptt d rm pf dll gl v. U'pr h rrd qut r dv ruprr l ptà d dlgr tr tutt lr h dvd l tr mm, prtr dl qutd. Dl rg dll'rtr l mpg d tud, dl llg d lvr l prpr v d, ptd qud l gurd vr l tà ull tu plt tgt m rrd Gupp Tl l u ttm d fd drd prm d tutt l dmh l prt l p, prhé qut prmr mr lqut l t dll pr l g dll tgr pù vtggt. Prm d u'du ll'mpg plt qud, l frm d u plt, l u dm prmr d l è qull rll, d ruprr ll frm lugh pù v. *A ttl, d d Alb -

26 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg rfrm dttr l dll h prìp ttul. Qut è l ul u u trur l utà l plurlm d ttl. Qull h tm rd d fr vltà ttl è mplmt gttr l b pr frmr u pr h tml prpg prtt dg d lgg, lu d prblm, rg frm d trll, prpg u prgtt rt d tà, trbu frmr l gv gr. È pù v rdl u pr h, prtr dll b dll tà, hd prtt rpt u tut puttt d lmtr ttd d ph d thttt rpprtt dl md ttl dtrbut vr fr plth. L rg plt, rptt qut lmt, è dr. L prrtà rm l ptà d drr prblm dll gd plt qu rmd ll trplg rt h prmtt d ptr l dmd dl gl prblm h può vr lu th dvr tutt mptbl l fd pr d drmt h prt ll lu l dmd d ull um ul md, prpr d u vltà um. Dvt prblm d rlvr dbbm r-frmr pr ptr hdr: «h è l um qul dv r l u dt (um)?». E d dv l rpt d dr tm h trttm m l rptt dll vt um (m d mp l lgg ull mfb), l rfut dll gurr, l gut, l ugugl l, l truttur d udrtà rtl, l frm d l l. Slmt ì ptr ttrvrr l uv urgt frtr dll bplt. M tutt qut rm l tr. I qut du ultm, l drg tv h pprfdt l tm dll rfrm ttul ttul: dll lgg ul fmt pubbl d prtt, ll rfrm d u lgg qudr d rglmt d prtt, dll rfrm dll ttul lgg lttrl ll tud d ltr rfrm dll ttu. È pr qut h l qurt è tt ddt d pprfdr l frm d dmr drtt l frm d prtp dl b è tt ddt l ultm. Il ttrtt è lmt u m, fvr pr d rt dll vlupp d tut. M l pr vv r gr ll ut tt grtut d pr d prm lvll m d mp l prf. Stf t, ttult dll Uvrtà L Sp, l dtt. Aldr Gr, fur dll mm Affr ttul dl St, l p. Pl Bt, dt ll Uvrtà Grgr. S vut tr l l x prdt dl gl Er Ltt, l x prdt dll rt ttul G Mr Flk, l prmr d urlg Tr Vrgt Mr Gr Mr, l gulvrt Mhl Fl, l mbtr Brbt ltr r. All f dll vt l d d u ttu m l St, Pl dl Qurl, pr pprfdr l rul ll rdmt. l tuti m h u mtd Il mm rttr lmt pr tut. Qut mlt, m pr gv mlt prprt bt. ò h t prmd l pr è l mtd l dpbltà d rltr. Og tr gu u truttur h dvd quttr mmt:. u trdu ll qul pg u put dll prtultà (rgl dl drmt, mprr mdtr, tmplr, rr ddr.);. l dl rltr: vut d utr plt, ttult, u prftt, mbtr, vvt dll Stt, t h lvr ll mm pr l rfrm ttul dl St.; 3. lvr grupp u rt rt l tm h trtt: l bttv è fr mrgr vlr fltt pr pr qul lt fr. È l t mtd dll t gut, u è d rt h rl prìp g; 4. m mu plr g dl mtrl pr l tr uv. Qut h prm l r d u mdll prtbl ll rltà tv ( vr mp d frm, mmt d rfl ull ultur dll plt.) ll prfr ll d; l vlgmt ttv d prtpt; l drtt d rpprtt dll vr d frtr. Fr l dt pù vtv è qull dll pr: qut pt r rg. A grd umr muqu, prvlg pr lt prprt mtvt, h qu tutt rpprtt l m-

27 -_.QXD_!4_.QXD 9/7/ 3: Pg 7 htt dt dll. ì l mmt frmtv prl, dvt h u mmt frmtv pr l t h frm l grupp. L mpg plt d vr grupp può r dvr m l frttmp t frmd u ultur fr-tv h pgh ttrvr lgugg uv u lgugg uv pr pgr «l rg dll pr h è». Qut rprt grupp d A ttl, M, Fu, Ag, D d Vlltr Sg, tr rtr rm, Gfr, Pr futur, Mvmt tudt ttl Fd, tg, Mvmt d pplr lbr frt, Fdr ut d Eurp, l. U pltr pr mprdr h l dffr utl Pl B* L prt rm prt ll ltr prd h vgl prtpr h rrhrbbr r d pù ttrvr l lr rm qut pr, h t dvtd u pl gftv rltà ll tr dl md vl d ll tl. rt, trtt d u lug mm h può r ftt lmt d h vul vdr lt! E qut è r pbl. If grt pr vdr tt rg pr prdr l vl, umd qull rpbltà plth h dvt ll prpr l P l f r pr mtur lbr. Prtpr è u, l prr frmtv d u gv, pr rr tr mbt: prtul, ulturl, plt. Il gl è bblgt dll rt d ur dll dvdultà, l prp qud, prm d trr l mrt dll tr, pdr Ohtt prt lm u rgl dl drmt d t Ig, dd l d qull h l l ul prp: può prlr d plt tt u prpttv d lbrtà trr. St Ig ll prm ttm ffr u pl mtd pr dtgur l v trr, rrl, pr m g, ltr qull bu r qull ttv. L d d rggr u rfl plt prtd d qu è gftv: tutt dr l plt m u rt d lvr pr, d u l p upr rfd mlt dll prpr. St Ig, pdr Ohtt rprpdl, uggr l trr: tutt può fr pr mggr glr d D, bt pr rtr. L rgl pr l drmt ut rr qut, d ll l ur qut bttv. Il mtd g è tutt prtul, è u pt ll prghr, u tl h tt ll rl D. M è r h d rvl plg, dmh h fvr l pr, l rfl dvdul mutr. L tr prt qud u pt fr, d gr, r pv. D qut d bf l d dm. Il lvll d rltr è tl d tmlr l r rt rg h pr l put d vt mpr prt, lt l tt. Pr qut mtv ltr gl prt (tr lr l grtr grl dll mm Affr ttul dl St, u prftt, du mbtr, ltrhé pù prfr d dvr dpl, grlt) t d mturr u r d rfl l r dll tr h, urmt, r dv l mmt d lbrtr. Tt grupptt d r pr dv rlvr u ptt prt rltv l tm grl dll tr. I qul mmt r dvvr. u dv vr, fr u ptt vr gl ltr uprr u prpr lmt: h mpr l t, h prlr, l rd ll p, trr l tm, h mdr tr l vr prpt, d ltr. ml, mbd l gr d ph r dvr put d vt. L plt è duqu u turl gu. Oltr l ftt h umt l plt tr frm: pr pù m t, l t frm d b; dll t rd, m dvr pr pr Itl; tm ttul, u prfdtà dffl d trvr ltrv. È l hltr d u bll frtruttur l plt: u rvr, prhé tutt gl l p gr mgl. Dp d qut ul mprd h l dffr tr l ( tr ttl ) utl ll llttvtà, l plt è l m pr url. Qut ttl ptr prtpr ll plt Itl, dvvr lbr, prprt p d pr gr pltmt. Pr l mmt ll vltà ttl è dpbl u bll pltr. *Fu, grupp Vttr Bhlt d Rm 7 -