Coscienza. Verso dove? I laici cattolici e la responsabilità del discernimento. fatti idee dialoghi 2-3/2011

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1 Bmtrl dl Mvmt ll d mpg ulturl ftt d dlgh A 63 Numr -3 - Mr-Gug - U p 8 ur - Pt Itl S.p.A. Spd bbmt ptl D.L. 353/3 (v. L. 7//4.46) rt., mm 3, Rm 4, DRB Rm- pubbltà t -3/ Vr dv? I l ttl l rpbltà dl drmt Ltà plt Rfrm dll gut Fd Mrl All rgt ll Sbt rtt Zur Grg

2 Smmr I prt: ft Arhv Stk.xhg ESAME DI OSIENZA Pg. U dm d gug, ft l ul Rt Bldu VERSO DOVE? Pg. 3 I ttl tl l ltà dll plt Lr ll Pg. 7 L qu è vt v df Eld G Aldr Ludv Pg. Qul rfrm pr qul gut? (I) Augut Sbt Pg. 9 Uvrtà: u rfrm «r» Rbrt pr Pg. B mu pr tld Zur Pg. 7 D Lmpdu Vtmgl GIOVANNI PAOLO II BEATO Pg. 3 «Ttm rdbl dll umm rt» ITALIA 5 Pg. 3 Il rul d ttl ll Utà l Grg mp DONNE Pg. 37 L dgtà dll d è gbl A vr Pg. 4 S l d è m um Mr Ivld FEDE E SIENZA Pg. 43 r lbrtà. Il mtr dll vt rl rtt OSIENZA Pg. 48 Iultur dll mrl tld Zur ALLA SORGENTE Pg. 56 I tt d dll Sprt d P Sb Fr Grg REENSIONI Pg. 58 trbut d Mr Pl Mhl A. Luh INFORMAMEI drttr rpbl: Rt Bldu gl d dr: rl rtt (drttr) Lr ll tld Zur Mr Sgr Lu Rld rdtr d rd: Sm Ept rd: Lug Bld Gupp Bu Sdr M. mp Rbrt pr A vr Dr D Aldr Itl d urt A Gr Frru Mr tt Muth Lur Tmt prgtt grf: Dg Tm Mhl Gtt dr, rd mmtr: V l - 93 ROMA tl fx bbmt: Itl: 3 ur Etr: 5 ur u p: 4 ur - dpp: 8 ur p. 367 Spd. bb.pt. 5% Fll d Rm Rgtr Trbul d Rm. 8 dl 3/4/949 tmp: Tpgrf ttà Nuv, v S. Rm Grfg, 3-48 Rm Ft d tmpr l xxx gt ll pt l xxx At ll U Stmp - Prd dl Mvmt Ell d Impg ulturl. Prd Itl Prdt l: rl rtt. V prdt: Lug D Adr. Att: tld Zur. Sgrtr l: tt Muth. glr l: Ibll Abb, Grg Bl, Pl Bl, Rr p, Rbrt pr, Amr Dltl, Lug Fu Grrd, Slvtr Lrd, Gupp L, Lur rm Pld, Ptr Prglr, Lu Rmll, Umbrt Rg, Lu Rug, Augut Sbt, Adr Tbr, T Trr, Alm Vtt.

3 Em d I prm rfrdum l pr rhmr l tr rpbltà d ttd lttr qul è frt u trumt dmrt p d rdr mglr l tt dll vv vl l u trf prlugt rrrbb frr ultrrmt l qultà dll tr vt dmrt, gà pr vr rg m rh U dm d gug, ft l ul... Rt Bldu I Ambl ttut, tt Mrtt, l prtr l rg fvr dll glmt ll ttu dll ttut dl rfrdum, ttlò l «fu qulbrtr», l d u ttut d «prmuvr l du plt dl ppl», purhé prò «l frmul d qut ftt md tl d mttr l ppl d d vlutr l mprt». Al d là dgl t trm ut, l ttult lbr, ltt ll fl dl prtt dmrt-rt, lpv ff trtt rttrt d u trumt l u ppl l r dll vt rpubbl rbb prò dtt, d mlt, dl mdll drtt. St rflttd u qut vd gr h vv l 3 gug, dt lt dl Gvr dll Rpubbl pr l vt rfrdr u rv pubbl ll, qu, ulr lgttm mpdmt, tt (l mmt u v tmp) d pr l rt dl qut ull rg ulr ll pvl d u lm ulturl mplv u rmrg u, pur fu, rvt vltà d prtp plt ( lttrl, prò) ll qul tuttv l tm plt-ttul, prt d, mbr pprr tl t rmr plth l f d rggr l prtp l vt. I ò è rtmt fvrt dll rt h, grl, l prtp lttrl td trr, pr qut rgurd pfmt l rfrdum brgtv, rm d mlt v rggut l qurum rht dll ttu pr l vldtà dll ult: l gu h, h pr qul rg trr ll brg dll rm ggtt d qut, rult pù vtgg prmuvr l t puttt h l. rd h qut tt d rr rgr fr, rhmd l tr rpbltà d ttd lttr qul è frt u trumt dmrt p d rdr mglr l tt dll vv vl l u trf prlugt rrrbb frr ultrrmt l qultà dll tr vt dmrt, gà pr vr rg m rh. E prhé m t d lr d qut l u vt, frm r, prtpr ll prm vt rfrdr vtr l umr pù mp pbl d tr ttd fr l t. S pvl h, u rfrdum brgtv, prpr l rt h l ttu rhd m d pr l pprv dll prpt h l prtp ll vt dll mggr dgl vt drtt l vt f ì h tr l p mm: vtr ì (duqu fvr dll brg dll rm ggtt dl qut), vtr (duqu tr tl brg), tr. E rd, pr tà tllttul, h dbb rrdr h, dl rfrdum brgtv dl 5 ull fd rtfl, h qut rvt l tr Mvmt ll d mpg ulturl ppggr l t. -3

4 -3 M prpr l prdt dl 5, v d ffrr rgmt ll tm l, rffr l vt prtpr. Iftt, qull, futr dll tm ttlr, lr gud, l dtà dgl rgmt ggtt d qut d r d v rfrdr, rputd h qut m qull d lmt ll rr tf ll ggr gt prtr lu mplft d ì. N trttv d u trrtà l rfrdum m ttut, m ll u pplbltà qull rt qut. E ftt futr dll tm bttr l mpg rfrdr, m prmr t d tr tutt Itl u l rg dl ì, dl dll t ptr frtr. Tutt ltr è l tu d qut dl. Pr qut trtt d rgmt pfmt d d r ggtt d ult rfrdr ( mtr d rv pubbl ll prtlr d qull dr prfrbl rggr l prvt, pprtu l rpr dll tru d trl ulr, tm d lgttm mpdmt dbb rv u dpl dffrt pr ttlr d rh mtrl), futr dll tm h lt l trd dl l, dll du, dll trvt lgltv trprt, dl dtv ll vt. L trd dll pp ll trumt rfrdr m trumt d du ll prtp plt, pr ur l pr d Mrtt. È tr qut td h tdm rgr. rt, l ttut dl rfrdum ptrbb utlmt r ggtt d u rpmt rd d lu rttrth dl prdmt, ll tr d u pù mp rfl ull tt d lut dll tr dmr ugl trumt pr mglrrl. Ad mp, ptrbb trrgr ul mmt pù pprtu u llr l gud d mmbltà d prt dll rt ttul, dp l rlt dll frm, m è d, ppur prm dll mdm; ull grutà dl umr dll ttr rht, h t flmt d prmuvr rfrdum u tm mgr p tt dll pubbl p rltvmt qul l t rfrdr prtrbb lu ddft l d vttr d ì m qull d vttr d (è qut vrfò du r, prpt d u d qut ull lgg lttrl plt, dv l vtul vttr d ì vrbb pggrt l lgg ldrl, mtr l vttr d l vrbb ldt r d pù tt u vdt grv dftt: è hr h l prm d qut fftt dtv l tm ). Ogg prò m mbr dpbl dfdr l ttut prtpd ll vt u qut prpt prmuvd d dbttt u d. Il umr d, ltr d ffrtr, ll tl pt rflv prpr dll rvt, lu d tm ggtt d rfrdum (Eld G Aldr Ludv, Augut Sbt), prt ltr trbut d tr llgt l tm ffrtt. ò vl pr gl trvt vlt ttlr l rpbltà dl drmt h rgurd m l rt, ll lu dll fd ulturl dr (Lr ll) ll prpttv tr dl rpprt tr ttl Utà l (Grg mp), pr l rhm l rpprt tr ultur mrl (tld Zur), pr l l d rl rtt ul mtr dll vt, pr l rfl d Rbrt pr ull rfrm uvrtr d A vr Mr Ivld ull dgtà fmml, dmtr flh ull qut llgt ll mmgr rdfr (d Lmpdu Vtmgl). L rpubbl dl mgg l M h l bt Gv Pl II rvl ll Ambl dl ttu f u tml tu prgur l tr rv ulturl, pd h, l rpbltà dl drmt tr-plt è lmt u d l rt, v rtt l mt l ur ttt l rul llumt d tr Ptr.

5 I ttl tl l ltà dll plt Lr ll vr dv? ptà d drmt rt prttutt ptà d tllgt md dvrbbr lmtr l tr plt d ttl. L tr plt può prò r llgt v ttlt, tgrth ppur urr ll tr mmdt trdur ll d v d rt rpr. rtmt dv fuggr l ftt h r prttr d u pr rt gf mlt vlt dr trrrt rptt lgh d ptr d mrf prvlt. Sgf prò dr ll dr dll g pù prfd utth dgl um dll d dl tr tmp, rrd trur prr u mu prtr d qut u h qut mpr rrpd ll p d ò h l ttl rd prf. L tu dr è rt ltt. Bt vdr m l gt td vv l plt. Vlg l utltà gl tr mmdt. Il b mu l mrltà d mprtmt pubbl prvt dgl ptl. r l dffd l ftd frt d ggtt llttv. S gurd dffr ll dugugl l. S dffd mpr pù u ultur gt. Il dvr è u m h d l tr prut ur. L tplt prd l pt dll plt. L mplf l bl prpr l p dl rgmt dll pprfdmt. S put ull prl prt, ull dlgttm dll vvrr, ul grm d vlr d prgrmm. Il tutt ftt dl ptr mdt. I m d prut dm d fftm dpt l dlg l dmtr p ffr vr l dbttt prlmtr pù grl vr l frt plt. E ttl d, f? L dpr plt può r t m u bl prvvr dt d prr. È puttt put d rrv d u mpl mvmt tr. h mpl trrr d tutt ò? Tr l rhm ll dttà d u lt l lgh d hrmt dll ltr, ttl rh d dr u tu d mp d rgtrr l prgrv mrgltà dll prpr pr. ì td l rd h rr llrgr l mp d rfrmt. L mm pr ttl d r lvt frmt ll tà plt tl può r ffrtt l h rvlt l pt. E ppur urr u dbttt, tutt mmt trl, ull lgttmtà dll ll ll u ll ltr hrmt. L t pt d uv ggrg prtth d tr, rd d u trd grdm mrt tr, rvl l mmt dfflmt prtbl. Smbr prtt pù rlt l tmp pù mpgtv prlr d pr plurl, mgl d pr ttm rtlr d pr grupp h g lmt l lr pftà rt ll dmh plth, m h l d mh, h rttr l vt dl tr P. L ff rà fu- L h può dr rgg fdu ll tà tl, tmldl ur ll prt, murr grd tm dll plt Lr ll, prfr rdr d Em gt dll mpr dt d Et m rpbltà l dll mpr ll Uvrtà d Gv 3-3

6 4-3 vr dv? dl grd d r tr l ut l vut dll qultà dlg dll rl h trtt tl pr ttm, rpprtdl u tt, m m gg, bg d g d rl d pr. Mltpl put d mptt d rv h l md ttl può rdr ll mutà plt tl. U rpd l, rtmt utv: - l u prft l ptà d pr m rt frt d mpt fdt ull prm dl prftt dl mrt h vrrbb tdr ll tr tut d rl l, pr vr, d mpt v l vltà rfrmtr rh d trdur mprtmt drgt, p ttt prpr vrrdt ll rh, ll utm prtgm dll dvr dm dll tà vl; - l mpg l r ll tru d u th llttv h é l tt d u fu ddut dll fd d u gft mrl é l mp d u fd p d murr l ltr ultur, m puttt l rr d tl d vt v l ldrtà l mu tr gl um fdmt d u vt ttbl pr tutt; - l lbr ulturl flt ll tru d u pr plt é ppttt ull md tllttul dl mmt, é rduttv rpttv rptt ll mpltà vtà d prblm ul tppt; - l pr u l d u v rprt l vl plth l pbltà d dr tt ul mrt qut ull tt, llrgd l frtr dll dmr; - l mpg rt prtv ll pfh ggrg prtth l tmp l rr d trumt ggutv rptt ll trdl frm prtt, ttrvr qul mplr l ffrt d pprtutà pr l prtp plt, mttd rl uv rg. Pr ttl plt vut m mlt rt, mlt rt d prt. Ptrbb prò prr u tg tmlt pr lr h mttr tr prt l prpr fd drrl m ftt luvmt prl td mpgr rpblmt, dd mpt, ll tru

7 ll dl b mu. St duqu ttl mpgt l l l plt dmtrr ll pr l um prtpbltà dll u rd, prtpbltà pr l tru d u mu ll qul vlg l p btr. N rmt mpr tr vlr trdurr lgg dll Stt; l mpr d vrtà d p dvr può mprtr tu u rvl pprtu tllrr l ml mr vvr rlr l b rtmt fttbl. St ttl, d gu, lr l prt prt d u ltr pù vr d utt, umd l tmp l rpbltà pr l md rlt pr l prltà dll lu trvt, l uh prò rltmt pbl pr fr dr vt l. m rrdr Ald Mr? «Il rtr dl b pbl dvt l v dl ppgmt. Ftt u p ll dr gut, m um l rpbltà d frl h è l rggugmt dll mt, rm d p». Il ttlm plt ll u trd pplr, prlt, ldl può dr u trbut dffrt ll vlupp l ldmt dll dmr tl, frd d, l dlg l ltr mpt dl ulturl, u m u tltà trtg. E può mttr ul ptt dll bl lu d-fr mturt ll u tr ll mltpl frm d pr d mpg: - l prtp t m llrgmt dll r d dltà d vlgmt d dvr ggtt, rdd pr dmrt pù rh d rtlt; - l vlr dll ugugl dll ldrtà l gut mpg pr l rdu dgl qulbr. rd l tmp l d prhé tutt p dr l mgl d lr t td dbl gl vtggt; - l trltà dll tà vl t prtr dll fmgl m m trutturt d rp trmd, prtgt ul frt dll rl mh l; - l rfut dll rl dl mrt d u utmtm, l prm dll pr tr prvt pubbl, l vlupp dl tr ttr, l ffrm dl prp gud dll udrtà; - l trltà dl lvr; - l tt l dlg, ll pr trl, ll p; - l utm dll pr ll plt ll mprdbl md tr fd pr, l ptà d lggr g d tmp, l vltà d mmr tutt gl um d bu vltà, l rptt dll lr lbr rlg. Tr l tt d prgmtm rvtv d u lt l bg d dltà dll ltr, tr l mlg ull tt l u trfrm ull b d vlr dv g gg l dffl trd dl rvmt dll plt tl. U plt h dv ruprr rpbltà d t. Pr ffrtr gl vr, l tr P dv vr l rgg d u grd dg, d u grd prgtt. U prgtt l qul fr vrgr l plth d brv l plth d md lug trm (gg dl tutt mt); l qul fr trgr l pubbl, l prvt, l prvt-l; l qul rmr l m l prt (l fdrlm è u ptt pr ur pr dvdr), l mrt l tt, l lbrtà l rgl. U prgtt l qul grd dr plt, m, l, ttrvr l rt, mb mpg rt 5-3

8 6-3 vr dv? rprh vt d bttv dv. U prgtt l qul l l l vl ft m l trr vlrt pr qut d rgl p prmr. L drmt d fftt md d rgr th plth u tmp. N d ttmt tr. L prm. L trfrm, l qul dbbm fr vtblmt t, g l ptà d ugr rf prt bf futur u u b d qutà. L d. L trfrm, pr r ff, rhd dgut frm d prtp d trll d prt dll mutà. L tr. L trfrm dv mprtr l prgrv rl d tt pù gut d qulbrt, u ld tt trm d dmr tl d ldrtà. P r trur l futur dl tr P rr tutt vtr ll tllg. ò rhd u fr m l mp dll frm, dll rr, dll rl d rt frmth tlmth ttrvr l qul dffdr l v fdl fruttfr ul trrtr. Qut è prò ufft. Orr ltrì vtr u mglr qultà dll vt pr tutt. V bg d g h p r pù rft lvll d ultur, ltt ll pvrtà ll lu, prt vlr dll mbt turl tr. Orr p, m gà vdt, rr u lm d fdu tr vr ttr dll tà dll m, prtlr mpr, dt, ttu. Il lvr, fdmtl drtt d ttd, r pr drt, ppur dd ptmt dgl utmtm d mrt. È r ttvr u rlrtà vrtu tr tt, mrt tà vl ll tt d rr mgl dtrbur l rr dpbl u tt d qutà prtp. Orr f ldrtà. Sldrtà tr um d; tr pdr fgl; tr rg rh rg pù fvrt; tr h h rr fr h h ptà d tv m l hd d r tut. L qut rdtrbutv dvt trl qut qut d dmr. L lbrtà rl mur trm d m d h h d m, d qut gg dgl lu. Il P h bg d u prlt t plt. L pvl d qut g dvrbb mr l fr d ttl quluqu l lr ll l fu lt. N può rgr ll lgh d frmmt d trl trpp gg prvlt;, vvr, r prpt d ggrg vt dl b mu l pù mp pbl. Orr l ft tru d u dr t b l qul dr d ì dr d ; rr qud llrgr gh dll plt dll m ttrvr l dlg l trpr dll rgl. L h l u Prgtt ulturl può dr rgg fdu ll tà tl, tmldl ll u vr rtl d ur ll prt, murr grd tm dll plt. Orr rtrur l utà dll l l rptt ll vlr dll dffr prt ll mu urp; rr rr uv p ll mbt dll rfrm dll tt v lbrr m, rt, u prr dv d rt; rr ptr vt l frtr dll dmr rdud prgrvmt l r dll lu dll ttd. rrd rlvr prblm dgl ltr ptrm mgl rlvr qull d tr l tmp, m l rt mpgt ll tà vl plt, rdr rg, mr plpbl, dll pr h è. (Itrvt dll Autr l X Frum dl Prgtt ulturl dll h tl, Rm -4 dmbr )

9 L qu è vt v df Eld G Aldr Ludv Gl 5-5 tt dhrt dll N Ut D trl dll qu Wtr f lf, l tt d prmuvr tv pr u gt tllgt lug trm dll rr drh dl pt. Nl ttl t dl prgrmm è mplt l pvl h l qu è u tà rrubl pr l prvvv d tutt vvt. L vt è t ll qu h l prm dvrf dll frm ttulmt prt è vrft qut mbt. Il lug mm h è gut, tllt d tl, h rht ll p vvt dttmt d vr gr h tt rggut gr ll lvt ptà d rprgrmmr l dg trutturl ful l, pr rdrl pù ft ll g d mbt vrmt rh d qu. Quluqu tt l tpp vlutv, muqu, l qu è tt rm prt tgrt dll fultà d tutt vvt qut mpt l vt h gg rvm rbb tl. Qud prl d qu è mplt drr qut trm ll pù mp, tdd l qu mr h qull dl, qud prl d vt è b tr prt h l tr t prvvv può lutmt r vlt d qut lmt l qul è lgt dll t tr vlutv. A um p r drt gurd dll vt, m ò mprt u rt pvl dll mprt dl tr rul ll lvgurd dgl qulbr turl. È fur d dubb, ftt, h l ppl um p d flurl mr prfd trgd vr lvll p, purtrpp, ttvlutd qut mprtt prrvr l tgrtà. D tmp, l trp gl trvt ull mbt p dttt pù d vt d tgt lmtà h d u tllgt prgrmm h prdtt u rt qutud ul futur dl tr pt. Agl lbr dll vlupp dutrl, l plth frtmt trptrh drv l rr turl, l qu prtlr, m u b prtmt ft urbl mplt dp dll um. È b t qut T.H. Huxly, blg flf brt prtlrmt flut, prmt l mt d Drw, f pubblmt pt ffrmd h l tur r grd d rgrr prdurr rr mr prtmt ft. L pr d, ll d mtà dl l r, d qut f prl prvrr tl rrt dr, h pt l l rg- vr dv? Mtur l pvl dl lgm tr dpbltà d qu, mbmt lmt rv dll bdvrtà. Srv prò lt plth rt Eld G Aldr Ludv, dt pr l Dprtmt d Blg llulr mbtl dll Uvrtà d Prug 7-3

10 8-3 vr dv? vrl d dttr dvr tv pr l lvgurd dgl mbt qut h trrtr, prttutt rl fm d qumt d utrf llgt l bm dmgrf d dutrl dl dpgurr. Nll ultm d dl XX l, prtlr, l prup pr l rt dll mbt h ut u vl glbl u, prttutt, d hr gl d llrm m mbmt lmt, l prdt d bdvrtà l rtmt dl lr lgm l rt fruttmt dll rr dl trrtr. N qut prd rgm trl m l Itrgvrmtl Pl lmt hg (Ip), dputt dlr u qudr lmt dv, upprt dll df d l gud pr l rdu dgl mptt dll ttvtà trph ul rldmt glbl ull tt d lut dgl tm qut trrtr. Ngl t, l mutà urp m l mprtt drttv ul Drtv 9/43/EE, ll qul tbl l urg d prrvr, prtggr mglrr l qultà dll mbt, ludd l rv dgl hbtt turl qut, dll fu dll flr, l p prpl d prmuvr l rv dll bdvrtà, rd l vlr m, l ulturl. L dl mll vd mturr l pvl dl lgm trtt tr dpbltà d qu, mbmt lmt rv dll bdvrtà, u l ll h glbl. Iftt, umr tm qut tr, h p rpprt ht pt rgl d bdvrtà, t vdd prblm rdubl mbmt lmt tt, prtlr rfrmt fm d dmt, rldmt, l dtrrmt dll qultà dll qu, p mplft d prt-

11 g ludv h d fruttmt dll rr dr d qumt hm. L mptt dl dmt è prtlrmt vr Afr trl (Lg d Lg Tg), Eurp ud-rtl (Lg Blt Lg d Vl) Autrl ud-rtl (Lg Grg), dv l rh d tà è rtut l pù lvt lvll pltr. L rdu dl lvll dr è grlmt mpgt dll rmt dll trbdtà dll qu,, d tgt, l umul d utrt l l rh d frtur d lgh th, l rdu d lvll d g dlt, gutmt, l tr ull fu qut. Il prgrv dmt prdu gl mptt pù vr ull fu ull flr bt dll mp f ltr h p rttr tm qut p prfd. A l glbl, tr fm trmmt rlvt pr gl qulbr dr dl pt gut rt prup: ) l glmt dll ltt plr (tmt dll 8% u), l qul, ltr dtrmr l rdu dll dpbltà d hbtt pr lu p hv dll tm rt (pr l r b, tm u rdu dl 3-5% prm 5 ), ptrbb tr u r d fftt t rffrddd l rrt dl Glf, dtrmd u uv gl, ul mdll d qull h vtì l Eurp dtl mgl d f; ) l mgr d p mr vr lttud pù lvt gut v d hbtt, mpt pbl t d p utt. A qut prpt, mblmt è l tu dl Mdtrr, u mltpl mgr d p ttrvr l l d Su t tmprmt rrhd l mpt fut d qut r; 3) l rmt dll tmprtur dll qu ll brrr rll rd vrult pp bttr rmlmt u, mttd ì rh l prvvv d qut pttlr tr d bdvrtà pltr. Tuttv, h l qu d tfh h trbut gftvmt ll frm d u pvl lg mpmt dffu lughr dhr d tt pr d t vrl, l ll, l trdu rt plth d trvt trd d r m tt. È r ttlr m tl trvt, pr r ff, dbb r rtt lvll pltr p r frutt d tv prl d gl tt. È r ltr mttr gurd tr tutt qu tttv, prtt vt d tgr rtrtt, h vd ll dffltà ttul l mmt pù pprtu pr lurr u u b h, pr u tur, d l d t dll t dll vt, può h r ttpt gt pubbl. L tr dll Trr g h mrg d rvrbltà d pr turl mm. Sd qut tut d mt prltà tfh, m Lvlk d Eldrdg, tl mrg tt uprt d tmp. Fr h dbbm rgr vvr u md pggr d qull d tr pdr? 9-3

12 -3 vr dv? PRIMA PARTE U trbut «d rltà», m rv l Autr, l dbttt pubbl ull rfrm dll gut, fr l trr d mggr tr plt d rul pr l dmr tl Augut Sbt, mgtrt d, prdt ft fu dl Trbul pr mr d Rgg lbr Qul rfrm pr qul gut? (I) Augut Sbt Prlr d rfrm dll mmtr dll gut d rrd dll fu d gurd Itl, gg, è dffl, mggr rg pr u mgtrt d prf. I prvrò ugulmt frl, uv dtt rtt pr qut rvt, l tttv d ffrr u trbut d rltà l dbttt pubbl mtr, h l tmp prt mtr mpr pù pr prbblmt h trpp p m bttv d qut rbb l ddrbl, m prttutt prtdbl d u prtgt. Pr h pr dtr l pt gudr, dfrr l lg rrt r l dmh d prtvtà rt ( qud vlutr l ptl rdmt dll trumtr tt, hé vrfr lmt prg d qull futurbl) è u mpt trmmt rdu. Prmt, mbr qu mprtbl t ( l lughm prd) u prr d lfbt v h du gu rdr rmt vv d umr pmt (ò d gtmt pr rpbl dll dr plt) l rtmt l gud. Il tm gudr, h qut f pl dvd dl rt rttà mu mlt ltr gmt dll mmtr pubbl, pl tuttv ll rrt tg l u grvt prblmttà prttutt ul p dll ff, h ttu prbblmt l prrtà mt 3 frt dll r d grv rh d ffttv tut l ( d utrvl ldtà ttul) u l tr P, dp qut prm d d mll, rm vr, h m f ll fdmt l utrvl. È mr, prtlr, ttr, pr u vr, qut r lvt l umr l qultà d prdmt pdt l tmp r dfrl; m r trutturl vrlgh 4 vd mpr pù tud, hé dbb prtr pr l futur prm, l ll, qut m u prd d tbl mrg pr u umr prgrv rmt d d gudr ( dtrmt frt pr gl utt dl rv gut ). E, pr ltr vr: m purtrpp tu rr, m dflttr, l ptà prduttv d llt ( vr grvtà, l plmt rlvt) d qut pù m tblmt vv Itl. E r: m l rrt dffu pr l ftt h, fruttd blmt tl dfu, p gvlmt frl fr u p pr tutt t dmtd l rggmt fr m tutt gl ltr (, d mprr, ll lug, prtr rmr l mltum dffu u md d furb d prgudt h ltrmt t hrbb, pr prvvvr, qut m, gllggr ). vv prò, ll Itl d gg, td (qu hfrmt) trppt l rpprt d gl dll llttvtà l ttu gudr. L prm è qull d u mpt dmd d gut, trpp p ddftt, ppur pr l l l (tlr pt, pù d frqut dpr fr mgr ltt rggt) d tt. Tt h h prò r prdut g pr h pbl ( vg ggt d pù) u vlu dm vmt pù ttbl pr qut ttr dll vt l h hd, prtt, pù mgl Stt

13 bt qut gmt d mmtr pubbl. L d è qull d u tt, ggrv, rdt, tlr rrgt ( trumtltr) du pr ddf dll d. mlgut d gut prvt d h l gut dvrbb rdrl m rltà l grt. Qu t frd d llg, mpr pù tmt, u ttggmt d drdt (pur v ttt) dl t mgtrtul tut urt dt, h gvl fu drtmt mlt (prttutt m pvl d lmt ttul d ff dll rpt gudr ll dmd d gut pur mpr rvltl). Nl tmp, prò, gl t mbt vv ( mtr d vvr) prtlr ftd g tv gudr h mrd là dv v u mtr dlt, prt bl, ddr pù d tt h l prvt l prl ggtt d prr vrttv, h, dftv, grd u gut rlmt f fd b fut vr tutt 5, mtrd qud d prfrr u tm l u l m Stt rt h ll fu d gurd (h mmg, qut tt, llr ll dr plt vgt) hdd u rdu dl p l d l ttr u p r pù mprm l ur dvdul l rd pubbl ( u fr mlt p dlg lbrt, pr u l tt t l pr grtrt u prvt d d trfr d qul prv). Mlt dvt duqu prpttbl lvll u qul g l prpdut d u r frt rfrmtr drbb dtt, pr dgr u ffttv rmd prpbl prtbl pr l r d gut gg prt l tr P. Prlmt, uggrr d ltvr tud urt prttutt u trd d rttà ttut dl prlfrr d pr mprtmtl rm trpp grlt gl tl d prt tu dl l prpr tr prl, d u rt d utltrm dt dgr trtm ll mb dvdul l, d dffr tmt ( ddrttur dpr) pr drtt h fdmtl dll ltr, d pprfttmt prgudt d g pprtutà pr lurr l lurbl h d dll trprt,, m, d dut rdmt d b mu (qu h l rp l pt dtgur l tr llt rvl), d mmt d tr uprdvdul lmttv dl prpr, d rr rdr ld ll m pr l mplf lu d g prblm d ffr ut vr qulvgl frm d trll ull prpr lt d dtt pur qud trfrt l vt d tr. N rbb pù ì dffl mprdr, llr, prhé qul mdltà (tph tph) ml prth dtrm fftt prvr mltplt, drttmt flut ull mh gudr ul u rdmt (m l dll ptlg fg dl t vl, gvlt t prpr dll lugh mdt d tmp rdr d df d tl prdmt, pr u r v ml d pr pdt gg Itl dvt vt dmpr pù tmptvmt putulmt prpr bblgh prhé, vd l ltr trumt pr rgr, fd ubt r l mltum dll dmpt, gv dl rtrd u dmprà, prurd mmdtmt l dpbltà d utltà mmt rlvt vrr l rrpttv mpd uvmt l rdtr pr th u mlt lur rd trttv durt bl rptt ll rgr mprt dll db pttt, d l rrt dg: tt t pg, p vdrà ). Ed h pr qut, mpr pù p, tr mlt utl vr u gut h fu p rgm Ed r, m d qut m uprò ll d tpp d qut prr lt, h rà pubblt u umr uv dll rvt, rbb utl rtrur l rhtttur (pl mplt) dlt dgl trvt rmtv u rt prul vl pl ul drtt pl tl vvut ll ultm vt, d u trrrbbr mlt d utl lmt d gud ull ju ddum mtr d rfrm dll gut 6 ptrbb glr dv p h u rfrm rdmtl h rrv gl gmt 7, d tlr dl tutt tr, u trvt rltr p ltt frr fr pprr d vlr rlvr, m rltà ttgr fftt, vr prblm d ffrtr. Mdtmt è prò mlt dffu 8 (d è, tutt vd, vmt ftt) u p, mplft mplftr, h prptt qul vr rt dll mrg dl tmp ttul l r d utrvl ( d lgttm) dl l rp mgtrtul é, h, fmtt d t prpgdt, rdt l v h v tt, l tmp uv ll r plt dll Tgtpl d prm Nvt, u rprbl pprpr rt d rul plt d prt d -3

14 -3 è dl vr, rltà, tt ml ut lu (h rult pbl, prbblmt, pù d tt tllttulmt r), qut tlu dmh ffttvmt vrft l fumt rt dll mmtr dll gut h p gvlr, h h è ml fd, tl rgmt pru ml. S trtt d td h mrtrbbr prò tt ptà d rv rt (purtrpp r rr), muqu pù rp l rgurd, d qull rrt tr pù. E ò prhé, pr qut dlr rrl, h l mgtrtur h mtrt d r bl l bg d rtr ptr vulrbl ll mb d qur u ptr l mggr d qull ttulmt ttrbutl, mpr pr rg (h rbbr muqu p mmdvl) d uppl rptt ll r d ltr pubbl ptr. S ì vrft mr pd, m tlr vr prpr trd d trt dll ttu gudr qull plth mmtrtv, gut dg dubb d rl trpr d tm d uv rtr rv ttvr dv? mgtrt d u mtt l prgrv dl rt rdmt qulttv qutttv dll lr ful. Evt, qut, drt trmb u, d u tmp, dl lr lmt rptt l rp l dll prdt d : vr l grltà d m prft ( qut p pù d prm d rrr rtrd bmvl); vr l b dvr rul ttul d gr lr prpr, h t vrbbr vulrt ( trbut fr grdmt mr). Sd tl p, rrrbb duqu, d r, trvr 9 u qut rrlt d prblmt, qu trtt l d prd mprdbl pr rmdr ll dtrt rl tr ptr dll Stt h, d tl vv, rbb drvt turbb d r lmtt, dtrmt pr gl qulbr ttul dgt dll t qudr ttul vgt, m h ( l tmp) d p pr g mlr dll ttul tr tm gudr, l u mdr rbb rltà prlllmt d lug gà tt vvt m vrrbb tlt dll dtrr ultur dl lr mpt dffu ll mr tr mgtrt.

15 bt v d mlt llgh. Nll frm p (trmb prtlrmt v) dl rrrm pl prgudt dll utl qu ttult dl rtr dll pprt grupp dlg rprtv pr l ll p drttv pl lug d qull dl mrt rl, h tr mgtrt è pr l m d u grmg dffl d trpr, h du fr rtr rml pr d rmd, gl pr dl tutt dprbl ( l grdvl ). Ar, m pr frtu prpr rrtt, gl ultm du d h vut fm d vrp d lu ttp d ltr (ì l rh prfl m ll vbltà), hé d lvtvm ( burrtm) p tgmtt d prttvtà prtgt tutt ltr h ludt, u tt d grl dmt d dlg tr d utt frt l vvtur. M è h dll ltr. E è, h l r dffu d dltà rm dlgt l tr P h tgt h l mgtrtur, d md h mpt qultà uprr, dl b mu dll ttu, dll mur dll lt rpbltà dll prpr dpd, mtv mpg vl, lltà prbtà d r prfl (h dvrbbr rl turlmt gl) qu vtblmt ffvlt h. All t md, d fr pù rpblmt, l vvtur mlt ltr prf lbrl (l u rul d ulg, pr m v trprtt d ttut, ttu d ftt l turg prm dll ttul drd tl l trff gurd dll p tl d urp) pr bb dl tutt dm d trrgr ul lr mpt d rtmt gud d mglr vrtu pr vh tr pù, prfrd umr ddrt d lt d l lr p d tr m u rt d rfrmt pr l lr qulf pl m trm ultm d vlut h dtlg dl lr prt. Et llr mrg pprbl u pdr l prpr rv prl d ll ltvr pr u futur trpp rmt u pr rmt fdt d u mglr Itl u vvr d u dvr mmtr dll gut? I qut d, pr l mmt, p l r d lu dr d dl grl, r l ttul tmpr dl tr P l prpttv d u prvdbl prm vlu. Pr u bu Itl u vvr rr: lgg rgvl b ftt, vld pr tutt, lt but lt, utrvl ( grd è d tt ltt d mpr l fr dll utrtà, m h d gur x, pr l lr tr vldtà, l grl ); pr vrtu ( l dvdul, m dffu), frm prp ptv ttulmt t h dv prr l lgg rdr h gutfh l tt, h qud (d l t dg dur lx, d lx) rult dgvl; l r h è rt dlt dll qutà (l ltr m d u gut dtrbutv h h tr t dll tu pulr d gl qud mrtvl d u dffrt dpl). M prttutt, rr dmtr l vr (gg trpp mrrt l qul u fu d gurd può rvr lgttm utt) dll mmut. D u ffrtllmt, pr ì dr, tr dvr h, pvl dll mpttvtà dll vrtà, l ddr qul fdmt d g prgtt d b mu, l r, l dvdu l mgl d qut p p l dffd l dfd, umd mur pr: qull dll ur vdvl utt grtutà, prhé ò h gv l b d tutt gv h l b d gu. L tmlg t dl trm lt mmut ( Plt prl d «mu d ò h t ur»), h drv d um mur, uggr d tdr m mutà: l lug u dmr trtrmt u ggrg h mr mm d dvdultà, qutuqu ufftmt tr lr mg (, u llttvtà); bì u ttà mbl dll lr tgr u rp l d rmmt qulbrt: d ftt è, ltr trm, l lug u vv l dtrbu l u lut grtutà d mpt, d dvr, d rpbltà d rv ddrttur d uff è d p ( rul) rttr tbl l tmp pr l ur dgl tr d u prtp. Shé, mplfd: qud l lgg d r b ftt rgvl; prvd tm d drgh tl d mmr gà rd l rt; ddrttur ( purtrpp, l rltà dgl ultm h ffrt lt pr) pù rttrt d grltà d trtt, qut vrt pr gvr lr pr mtvmt ( pr grupp d pprt) gà dvdut; l tmp: dftt pr vrtu mplr; gt l t d lr h ffr mrgltà l- 3-3

16 4-3 vr dv? v dll lr rrubl dgtà; è ltt qut prtul ptr prr pr l lr rupr rtblmt. Dvrmt, tmp prt ppr m dmt pù tt l b drmt dll hmmut, h uggr l rfut d qut prr l tt dll rt prpttv dl dm hv ltrut, fvrd ì l rttur d qut pbl rvt ptt l. M è l hmmut? È l prtul d h prp vul pr l rp l d trr, mgl: d tr; prhé rfut ( prmtt h bl t pr qut) d umr bblgh pr prpr prvlt vtgg; prhé um (é vul umr) lu mpt d ur grtut d ltr; prhé tt (é vul ttr) lu r l pur prtdd vtgg dll ltà (d t, l rg pubbl d rv l d d mm ff); prhé ffr lu dpbltà pr l u d rul d rpbltà pubbl (h grd, m h td l prtg l p d uprm ugl ltr h ptrbbr rrrgl); prhé gl, ultm l, d ttggr m u h è prt r d u llttvtà (prhé qut è u u drtt tv, ttbl, pr l l ftt h è u trrtr d u tt l dtrmt, ò gl dà u ttl prtdr pr é h può rgl gt) prtt dv pgr lu pr pr qut u p d prt, m prtp é tllr d r trtt (d bblgh d rt) prtprv rrr (prttutt, l lv fl) l u bu dmt, lttvmt qud l lg d é t. Or, dvdulm prtlrm du d vlt pù lqut dll hmmut gà Plt ttggv m u frm d pt l uttmt grv, prhé m l vr tllttul prt prvlgr tutt ò h è utl tlu qulu, mrrd l utl mu. E, qud ì vv, è frqutm h vrfh l rttur d u pbl bu tt rdt dll rl trprl l: rmt ll frm trr dll pù br grl u trgr (tlvlt ttt m tfrmm m prtt l), vvr là dv d prpgd ttggmt d dbbd vl ( h v l rl t, prhé v è l rfut d ubr l d tl vl); m gà prm, pù ttlmt, «l vr m d u pù grt dlt qulbr prtul, l u frm pggr è l ffmt dll t dffdr dl vr» ll prpr m, ll rl d u è prt, ll trd dll ttà ll bl dl lbr, r d prt dlg ( fvr d r, llqu, p trlgt). Itubl l gu d tutt ò qud l gm dv mtr d rptà ( l d mr utltrm), l ddr dll l ptr qul frm d ffrm trm d é, u v prdt, prvr, dll ltà m mr trumt prpr luv vtgg. S, trpp tmr d mtt, tr tmp ttul, m m pr, p ggttvmt r rut prpr m u vd frt d tl tmpr rt: tmp, mm, d hmmut d mmut; d qu drv l urg, m h l grd dffltà, dll m rvt d qull t prtul d mmut u v. Prhé trtt: dpprm, d vr u ul dv dffumt d d-gud d prgrmm d dttgl rt ( pp, gg, é l tr rp l é l t plt prprmt dtt); p, d dlrl ll rt qutd ff t ( qu, dg f vvmt mggr). D tutt ò vvrt, fr, tr gl tl d gg u gr bg. A, è prbbl h vv u rt ftd l g, prhé l rpbltà dll ltr p, d è prfrbl rl Eppur, l mmtr dll gut l gurd p prdr. E ptul gfr u mutr prtulmt rdt, ld, l (m l r h rpr), h ttu l rg d r l ft d lgttm, d u tvl d vlr dv, pr l tutl d qul dv prr, grtd rt d ffttvtà g prgtt d futur gud dll gr tr h vgl pltmt r. h può dr llr, prtr d tl prm, dll rt tv gvrtv d rfrm l tr rdmt (ttul d rdr)? (I - tu)

17 bt NOTE Srbb prò dffl h pr h rt l prf d vvt, phé h dv prmrmt tutlr drtt fdmtl dl gl dvd pp d rg dtt, qutuqu u p dvr l mdm rpbltà d u rv pubbl ì l pr l b mu d gu, u lu. ò gut dll tt pubbl, u rt qul putgl rggl, d prt dl gvr r dl d. Phtt gut (m vbl dll pt mpgt dl mtr A. Alf pr url: «U rfrm h p l tr ttd»). S trtt dl dg d lgg ttul (d tv, pput, gvrtv) ptrt dl mtr mptt pprvt ll dut dl gl d mtr dl mr, d ttur ud lgg rdr, mtt trvt dl d. t pl ll mtr vl flt d «lrr tmp dl pr, mltr l rrtrt fr ì h rpd, ff gut» ( l ddl rt Itrvt mtr d ff dl tm gudr) dl P trrdr d vtmt l ttr frmt rtt l mtr dll Pubbl mmtr. L l d ttr mtrl dl uprr trvt d rv ttul è l gut: ) lgg ull pr dll rrr; ) mdfh dll rdmt gudr rgurd ll rg uff dl pm; 3) lgg ttutv d du gl uprr ( l llgt rm ttutv: ) lgg lttrl; b) mp d gl; ) fumt); 4) lgg ttutv dll d. rt d dpl ( l llgt rm ttutv: ) lgg lttrl; b) mp; ) fumt); 5) lgg h dvdu l l g rgtv pr l qul gl p dtr mgtrt d ltr d; 6) lgg u rpprt tr l uff dl pm l pl gudr; 7) lgg u rtr d r dll pl; 8) lgg pr rglmtr d ppllbltà dll t d prm grd d lu; 9) lgg pr l rrg d gl gudr; ) lgg ull m lttv d mgtrt rr; ) lgg ull rpbltà vl d mgtrt. 3 Ngl ultm è prò ftt trd ( l ppultmt) h l d h l dt d mggr prup v qull d u mmt mprltà d u ttr tutt ( l gud pubbl mtr, m h l prl mmtrtv uffl gudr lu muqu gl vvt), f l put d fr tmr h llg rruttl mlffr m ( pgg) h gl ltr mbt pl dll gt dll pubbl d fr ptr h 5-3 Il mtr dll Gut Agl Alf l prdt dl gl Slv Brlu llul d Mttr

18 6-3 vr dv? trutturt vr prpr grupp rgt d pr gu d t l pr d qut vvut d prt d tt pur vtuprt plt d mmtrtr h frmt tvl d rt mb tr gl u gl ltr. 4 ì d pr l umr d mgtrt rdr dgl ffttv dl prl mmtrtv dgl uff gudr (mbdu tt d pl drmt rptt ll prv d pt rg, rrt dpuprmt dl tr d pr prfl ltrmt trmbl tr l gr d prtr ugut). M l tm vlg h l prblm dll mmtr llgt, gtmt qull dll mpg, dll gt dll rpbltà dll fr d pl gudr (ltr h d qull dll lr dt ful d rr, h è vrbl d u può dpdr mlt l ff pf dll ttvtà vtgtv). 5 Il dbttt u u bblgtrtà lttv dll lgg pl è h d rt vv, m p ttt flr l prfl, pr m l, dll d ull ltà d u ugugl dt prl. 6 Prlmt, f dll prm mtà dgl Nvt, up h v dffr d rt mtr pl rl ll mtr d ll grvtà ggttv dgl llt (l h u u mdll prul pr u gud ptt d u flt l rtrff trttl h rg d r d rt ). 7 S è d up trvr ull pr dll rrr ull gut dffrt rtl dl m qud vr l rgm dll rpbltà dl mgtrt, può prò r trurt l rv dl tm dll mpt trrtrl ful dll rr gudr, putum dl d qul tv mtr (pr l trpp g d mpl lltt d llm d grupp d tr, p pr l trmt dl rp dll vvtur, pr l ggttv dffltà rgtv lm l h mprtrbb) m mprdbl pr l ffrtmt l lu d prblm d ttdmmt ttutl d mlt prl pr l dgumt dll truttur gudr ll rl tà d trrtr ll lr pulrtà pf (m è dr dll rg d mf). Eppur d ò l ddl gvrtv prm dt up Dl pr, rmr ttulmt mbt pf (m l dll trtt), h può vr l tt d u trvt d prp tut rdmtl grl (d g l tutl d drtt vlbl prlm, ptlmt dbl d u vtul u mlrt dll trumt d dg), u rl dll grl rr vtgtv ffttvmt frubl gtmt pr ftt rt pr qul dpg pr ff d l hr dv rf (l gut rpprt t/bf) h gl mtr l lt d prp p dvr mprr ptrbb vr l l pr d u trvt d uum dlph. 8 U tm d tvl rlv pr l l tf m mbr, r, qull dl trmtt rpprt tr frm grlt gurd, h, vlgd l rl rdr tr ggtt dll frm l t plt, l vvtur, l pl gudr l mgtrtur gr, b mplf l t h gt gg l rp l dll ht d mggr rlv l td, mpr pù tut (d dutbl) ll pttlr dll r r d l trfrmt dll d gudr ( dl pr) gl hrm tlvv dll rtmt dl gud. 9 Qut mbr l rd dlg dll rt prtr dl ddl gvrtv d rv ttul dl mr. P prttutt ult fl, mmrl, fr dl lvr. A prr d h rv. Pr qut ( l prdt) dr, vd L. PRENNA, L ttd dult, AA.VV., Dmr vlupp. Prpttv urp mdtrr, Edtr AVE, Rm 6, pp APPENDIE Tt dl Dg d lgg ttul pprvt dl gl d mtr dl mr Art.. Nll rtl 87 dll ttu, l mm dm, dp l prl: «mgtrtur» ggut l gut: «gudt l gl uprr dll mgtrtur rqurt.». Art.. Al Ttl IV dll Prt Sd dll ttu pprtt l gut mdfh: ) l rubr dl Ttl IV è ttut dll gut: «L gut.»; b) l rubr dll S I è ttut dll gut: «Gl rg.»; ) l rubr dll S II è ttut dll gut: «L gurd».

19 bt Art. 3. Il mm d dll rt. dll ttu è ttut dl gut: «I gud ttu u rd utm dpdt d g ptr ggtt ltt ll lgg». Art. 4. Il mm prm dll rt. dll ttu è ttut dl gut: «L gurd è rtt d gud rdr ttut rglt dll rm ull rdmt gudr.». Art. 5. L rtl 4 dll ttu é ttut dl gut: «4. I mgtrt dtgu gud pubbl mtr. L lgg ur l pr dll rrr d gud d pubbl mtr. L uff dl pubbl mtr è rgt d l rm dll rdmt gudr h ur l utm l dpd.». Art. 6. Dp l rtl 4 dll ttu é rt l gut: «4-b. Il gl uprr dll mgtrtur gudt è prdut dl Prdt dll Rpubbl. N f prt d drtt l prm prdt dll rt d. Gl ltr mpt ltt pr mtà d tutt gud rdr tr gl pprtt ll mdm tgr prv rtgg dgl lggbl pr mtà dl Prlmt dut mu tr prfr rdr d uvrtà mtr gurdh d vvt dp qud d r. Il gl lgg u vprdt tr mpt dgt dl Prlmt. I mmbr lttv dl gl dur r quttr rlggbl. N p, fhé r, r rtt gl lb prfl, é fr prt dl Prlmt d u gl rgl, prvl mul.». Art. 7. Dp l rtl 4-b dll ttu é rt l gut: «4-tr. Il gl uprr dll mgtrtur rqurt è prdut dl Prdt dll Rpubbl. N f prt d drtt l prurtr grl dll rt d. Gl ltr mpt ltt pr mtà d tutt pubbl mtr tr gl pprtt ll mdm tgr prv rtgg dgl lggbl pr mtà dl Prlmt dut mu tr prfr rdr d uvrtà mtr gurdh d vvt dp qud d r. Il gl lgg u vprdt tr mpt dgt dl Prlmt. I mmbr lttv dl gl dur r quttr rlggbl. N p, fhé r, r rtt gl lb prfl, é fr prt dl Prlmt d u gl rgl, prvl mul.». Art. 8. L rtl 5 dll ttu é ttut dl gut: «5. Sptt l gl uprr dll mgtrtur gudt l gl uprr dll mgtrtur rqurt, d l rm dll rdmt gudr, l u, l g, trfrm- 7-3

20 8-3 vr dv? t l prm rgurd d gud rdr d pubbl mtr. I gl uprr p dttr tt d dr plt, é rtr fu dvr d qull prvt ll ttu.». Art. 9. Dp l rtl 5 dll ttu é rt l gut: «5-b. I prvvdmt dplr rgurd d mgtrt ptt ll rt d dpl dll mgtrtur gudt rqurt. L rt d dpl mp d u pr gud d u pr pubbl mtr. I mpt d u ltt pr mtà dl Prlmt dut mu pr mtà rpttvmt d tutt gud pubbl mtr. I mpt ltt dl Prlmt lt tr prfr rdr d uvrtà mtr gurdh d vvt dp qud d r. I mpt ltt d gud d pubbl mtr lt, prv rtgg dgl lggbl, tr gl pprtt ll rpttv tgr. L rt d dpl lgg u prdt tr mpt dgt dl Prlmt u lgg u vprdt tr mpt dgt dl Prlmt. I mmbr dll rt d dpl dur r quttr rlggbl. N p, fhé r, r rtt gl lb prfl, é rprr uff pubbl. 3 L lgg ur l utm l dpd dll rt d dpl d l prp dl gut pr ll vlgmt dll u ttvtà. tr prvvdmt dttt dll rt d dpl è mm rr pr mtv d lgttmtà.». Art.. Al mm d dll rt. 6 dll ttu l prl: «pr tutt l fu ttrbut gud gl» ppr. Art.. All rtl 7 dll ttu pprtt l gut mdf: ) l mm prm, l prl: «dl gl uprr dll mgtrtur» ttut dll gut: «d gl uprr dll mgtrtur gudt rqurt»; b) l mm prm, è ggut f l gut prd: «I d l g, dvdut dll lgg, ttt ll rg l fumt d rv rltv ll gut gl Suprr p dtr mgtrt d ltr d.». Art.. L rtl 9 dll ttu è ttut dl gut: «9. Il gud l pubbl mtr dpg dll pl gudr d l mdltà tblt dll lgg.». Art. 3. L rtl dll ttu è ttut dl gut: «. Frm l mpt d gl uprr dll mgtrtur gudt rqurt, ptt l Mtr dll gut l fu pttv, l rg l fumt d rv rltv ll gut. Il Mtr dll gut rfr ulmt ll mr ull tt dll gut, ull r dll pl ull u d m d dg.». Art. 4. All rt. dll ttu dp l mm ttv è ggut l gut: «tr l t d d è mpr mm l ppll, lv h l lgg dpg dvrmt rl ll tur dl rt, dll p dll d. L t d prglmt ppllbl ltt prvt dll lgg.». Art. 5. L rtl dll ttu è ttut dl gut: «. L uff dl pubbl mtr h l bblg d rtr l pl d rtr tblt dll lgg.». 4 Art. 6. Nl Ttl IV dll Prt Sd dll ttu, dp l S II, rt l gut S l gut rtl: S II-b Rpbltà d mgtrt «3-b. I mgtrt drttmt rpbl dgl tt mput vl d drtt l pr dgl ltr fur dpdt dll Stt. L lgg prmt dpl l rpbltà vl d mgtrt pr d gut dt d ltr dbt lmt dll lbrtà prl. L rpbltà vl d mgtrt td ll Stt.». Art. 7. I prp tut ll prt lgg ttul ppl prdmt pl r ll dt dll u trt vgr. Art. 8 L prt lgg ttul tr vgr l gr uv qull dll u pubbl ll Gtt Uffl dll Rpubbl.

21 Uvrtà: u rfrm «r» Rbrt pr Itutt v dtt h u mtv rrrt l tt d lgg è l pr «uv mggr r», h f prupprr r qut l bttv, prpl, lm d rlv trtg ll m. Gà qut du u rfl d mrt, d u trrgtv: è pbl trvr md dv ul tm uvrtr prvdr lu mpg d p, rdud ultrrmt l tmp l r prvvd mh prvt l pt? è prò u ptt r pù gftv: l lgg prt lu ppr tr d fd, é l prupp, mrmt trm d ru d g vtmt m. Tl mt vtmt vt p l f pù dbl m drt ll tr tm uvrtr: l tgr dll tudt dgl tudt, h rtmt pp l tr dll lgg pprvt ll f dl. ò dtt, v è dubb h l prvvdmt lgltv lu put mrtvl d tt d : prtr dl rlutmt d dt, lm prt ttrtt lgh d tp rprtv qulh dffltà pù trpt lug trgtt trpp gvlt, pt, vtgg d pprt d grupp d d d tud mrtvl. Sul p trutturl l mbmt mggr r l uf dll d dll rr dll ddtt ttrvr l ttu dl dprtmt mpt h llrg dll ttvtà vtgtv ll ffrt frmtv. I tl md dvrbbr vr m l flttultà btul dl pt, fr ttà dvr ul p mlt m vt m prtgt gl t dt, hfr l lr dupl rul d mmbr dl gl d dprtmt d mmbr dl gl d fltà. Nl frttmp l du ull rfrm uvrtr h prtt d u fftt prvr, rlvbl ttrvr m d mu d m: u vlut dll fgur dl prfr uvrtr, u gr gud d vlr gtv h um m mblmt lu pd pur tgmtbl m trur l tvl vlgmt prfl d u lrg mggr d dt, h dd mlt tmp, rr prl grd p ll tf d ll u dffu, tt l dpbltà d trumt t tg fr dgut. V è p u ttvlut dl prl t, mmtrtv bbltr, l u fu è p vlrt dl tutt t, h mmt qulft dll gt rgtv, m tf dll uvrtà. L lmt dll durt dl mdt pr rttr l gr d pt uvrtr gl d mmtr put vtv, u u l du è prt trvrà rpt dgut u vlt mplmtt l mbmt lgfrt. Gl tr dll vr frmul, rtl pr rtl, prl pr prl, pp b lt dll prblmth llvt d Wlhlm v Humbldt d Jh vr dv? L rfrm rdu ultrrmt l rr fr dgl t prtr rlmt u uv d d uvrtà. U gud ull lgg 4 Rbrt pr, prfr rdr d Slg ll Uvrtà d Rm Tr 9-3

22 -3 vr dv? Hry Nwm. Imm, pù h ll prl rgurdt u d d uvrtà, lr h h pprvt l lgg 4 mbr vr gurdt prm lug v d mggr plt, prl d rd d prtt. Imm, l rflvtà rt pvl pr tt mlt prtt. N lu prpt d mdfh rgvl dv d prlmtr d prt plth dvr fr lr tt lt d du rm prlmtr. Il ftt è h gl trt pù drtt, è gl tudt, dt l prl t, mmtrtv bbltr h vut lu v ptl, m ul dr. Ah tttv (rptut mtvt) d prr frm d trlu tt mrtft d rpt grh, ttdm, tttm. Qul qut vg h prdut mpgt lvr prprtr dll dlbr fl ull lgg? Qul è tt dftv l lr mptt? Ph dr, mpr t (ppur l md uvrtr), ttut u tr pr d pprfdmt, m put ggutmt grdul. M f gl rtl dll lgg u rpr urp, ghé l tt d rfrmt rm qu mpr qull l, prgl prt ull tr-ltà, ull mbltà tr-ttl d tr-ttl. Prpr mtr gv trvl d tu f fmt ( vgg Ermu prpr) vrtulmt ( Itrt) gl rtl dll lgg 4 lmt lgfrr ul tgt ull tt, vtd l vt d pugd u d rttr pulr dll d d uvrtà, l u fltà trmt utp l u r tdlmt glbl, pput m uvrt tudrum. Itt l prgrmm dl dll h tl fd ull «dur ll vt bu dl Vgl» duqu l uvrtà è u trr fdmtl u u prr qut mvmt ll h f dll mpg ulturl u put qulft, l pr l pr d dt uvrtr l M m h prttutt pr l mptt ull tà tutt d prtlr ull gv gr d gg duqu ugl dult dl futur.

23 B mu pr tld Zur Il Dumt prprtr dll ultm Sttm l prmt prt m u gd d pr pr l P. I fftt, mtt gd u r d put h rpprt l tttv d dlr trmt l b mu l tr tt, grr l pù mp rt glblt. N h l mpt pr trr dtr qut gl ptt glt dl Dumt prprtr, é, d ltr prt, vrr trr dtr pr hrr r u vlt l tur dl b mu. L bttv d qut trvt t, mlt pù mdtmt, l prr tm u l ptt: l lgm tt tr b mu pr, vvr l rd trplg dl b mu. L ANTROPOLOGIA DELL INDIGENZA Il ftt L vt dll um è rhu, m trtt d u lu, tr l pt dl t l rtl dl mrt. Nturlmt, qut vt trv l lr turl pg ul p blg, m l dt dll blg ur l rr d u ultrr. L mmm r d trprtr l pt dl prpr bmb, mpr rrl fr d dr u rpt u bg. Sp l rtl dl mrt è ft d ffr pr h l lt r trvr u rpt h l lm, ltr l ultm r l gurd d mp mrrd. Or, rd h pbl trprtr qut dt m u mtfr, u p d prbl mtf dll pr. L um è dgt bg ll u t ttu; gl è r d bg. All rd l u vt è ffdt gl ltr, ll ttggmt h prdr u frt. Il pt, l drtt, è l pr rdl dl bg d tr v dtt dl pt dl pr. Et tr l du frm u put mu: trtt muqu d u dmd rvlt h lt, ll pr ll prt h p trvr u rpt. U tl dm trutturl dll um h dmd l rmt dll u pr d prt dgl ltr mtr m gl pd d é l ptà d grr ll vt. Pr qut trutturlmt l pr è u «r rvlt» hu u t. Lt t l um rurbb vvr. D qu l pt l rtl m mtfr d u dmd d ut rvlt ll ltr. L dmd, prò, è tllgbl ltt vt d u rpt, ì m qut ultm f mpr rfrmt ll dmd. Gà dtr l dmd è rtt l lg dll rpt vvr. ì l pr trv ll d mult d h rhd d h d. S l um è l r h rvlg ll ltr l u dmd, ll t tmp è l r dll rpt, qut dttr lu t dll dmd dll ltr. E fr dll dltt tr dmd rpt ptrbb r dvrmt. Bt qut fr rvtr l d utm, d pù prt dlmt qu lturgmt m u lt u mtr, ll prup d mprr gl ltr vr dv? Rfl pr mttr tm l lgm tt tr b mu pr, vvr l rd trplg dl b mu tld Zur, tt l dl M -3

24 -3 vr dv? l prpr lt gl d lvgurdr l prpr dvdultà. L utm è rtmt u qut dll mdrtà h h rttt g frm d ggttvtà d pd. M l pr h h pgt qut pr t l rf dll rl, ll ptà d ugr m dttà ltrtà. L pl d u tl utm rh l mrt dl ggtt pr mpl pr ffmt. I m d qut utm, h mlt vv ddrttur fd u tmt d utuff, l ltr è dtt, ì dtt h dvt trr. E l tllr vt, prt qut rgm d rpprt, dvt l mhr grtt mpt dll dffr. Iftt, l tllr dl rmt dll dvrtà dll dffr prm ll ttggmt d dlg frt dl dvr d é, pr qut dvdr rmt l prpttv. Qud v l utm è rl è mpbl qul tllr, mplmt drmmtmt prhé l ltr è m pr m t. Ogu è ptttr dffrt dll ltr dll u l vvr lmt trutturt um l fgur dll pll dl lprd: u è hu dtr l prpr p. Trd ll l mmg dl pt dl t dl rtl dl mrt, ptrmm hdr h udrbb pplm qut d utm d tllr. Il put d prt dl m trr vrrbb r prpr qut rt d trplg dll dg, h um rmt l pr m u r prt md trutturl, h rv t ptr utgrr h h bg dgl ltr pr ptr vvr. Qut u «r d» «r», vl l p rrdrl, prm d dvtr u t d tur t, v lt m u dt trplg 3. Il S trtt d pr qul gl ttggmt pbl d umr d frt l pt dl t l rtl dl mrt. S trv qu, m vv, l dmd d fd h dà vv ll rfl mrl. È dll ttggmt h um frt dgl ltr prt futur, v lt h prd vv dvr prgtt d t. Prtt l qultà mrl dll gr dd prpr prtr dll d ut frt dll ltr dll dmd d bg d u è prttr. Apprfdd l mtfr l rum pr m u prm ttggmt pbl d frt l pt dl t qull d ffrl, prhé dturb, ppur d grrl, prhé utl f dll m utltà. Et, ltr, u md d trr l bg dll ltr h, prò, è dttt d ll utltrt, hé l mmt u ug l u lrm d ftt pr pr l prpr utltà pr l u b. U ttggmt ppt, v, t l lr rggugr dl pt dll ltr, trrgr dl u bg ttr d rpdrv ll mur dl rtm pbl. Al d fur dll mtfr, trvm d frt d u mpt fdmtl ltrtv dll t dll gut rl d é. D u prt, umr l bg m d d u pù fl p dl pvr, dll ltr, v, m h rd pbl pr l d h dd d r pr lu. Nturlmt trtt d u mpt h, f rmtv, h bg d tt md pr dvdur rtmt l h trdu vr qut rt d prp prm t: l ltr m d m. M g trprt drmt t h bg d u rtr ultm u frtr. Prtt h f dll t rmtv è dffrt prr rtr d ltrum ppur d utltrm, d rpt ptv l bg trt ppur d g. A qut put p h pbl, prtd dll trplg dll dg, ddr pr u t dll rpt. Qut mprt d ftt u rl h tbl tr h prt l prpr bg d r h l trtt l trpllr, dmdd è grd d drv rpt. Prtt, l tur dll t upr u dm purmt dvdul rttr rmt m dlg, prd d gu u p l. S l ur dll gr mrl t l pr m rpt l bg dll ltr, p mmdtmt m u d rultt dll mpg mrl rpprtt dl «b-r» dl bg, h rv ò d u h bg. M l d dvt vtgg pr l l dttr, bì h pr l dtr. Qut v mpr ttmt ll lg d Drrd, h pur dtgu md mlt ff l d dll mb. L u

25 ur t, prò, td mtrr m prpr pr l grd dll rltà h hmm d, l t h ptrbb turr è «mpbl». Iftt, l mmt u vv l d, ut l dtr l tt dll grttud l dttr l bg d rmbr. M prpr qut ttggmt dvt l «d» 4. Nll m prpttv, è l t ffrt vlt lmr l bg dll ltr h trbu rlr tmprmt l dttà pù prfd dl dtr. L trplg dll dg, pr drtt, rrd h l pr è u r prt h rv t ptr utgrr h h bg dgl ltr pr ptr vvr. Qut u «r d» «r», trv lvll t u rt rl ll «r pr» gl ltr. S dtr l ttu dll pr è rtt l lg dll grtutà, llr dv pr m prhé g d rtt ll grtutà l d rl l u tur pù prfd, è l u dttà. F d r m tt ttt prr h l rpt bg dll ltr dbb r trtt, m murt ull l dl rtmt pbl. Qut mpl h l t dmd d r può rvr pù mdltà d rpt, d dll tu rt d h l trtt. È prpr l d d dr qul d m ll ltr h ttu l d h f, qull h rv d lu prhé, prdd ò h gl rr, d ftt gl t plmd l m fgur mrl d l lg dl d. Rvdd l tutt dll prt dl dttr dl d ptrbb dr h prpr ò h gl m hd h grd d drgl m rv pr rggugr l ur dll m dttà, h rmrrbb, ltrmt, t tt l m gm. L lg h ptrmm qu vr è qull dl rpprt ugl. U m pplr rt: è l mgl h f l mrt vvr. L dttà d ug, è, è hu glmt utdt d u md dpdt dll ltr, m è prt d u fgur dvr h è l rprtà dl rpprt dgr rdgr tumt. L t è pbl pr prpt dl rpprt tr gtr fgl: l gtr h gr fgl l f rr, m h fgl gr gtr l f rr lr vlt. S trtt d u lg dv è pbl glr lu trtt d mgl l tr dr, h rm pur mpr dgut d prmrl mputmt. ì l gr mrl rttr l rprtà dl d h, l mmt u rggug l dttr, t gà plmd 3-3 L um è dgt bg ll u t ttu: l pt dl bmb è l pr rdl dl bg d tr

26 4-3 vr dv? prgrvmt l fgur mrl dl mttt. Il tutt ll lg dl d ut d, m dll rprtà vut prtr dll pvl h m hmt gl u rpdr l bg dgl ltr, u rgm d grtutà. BENE OMUNE E PERSONA S t pd qut mpt trplg, llr r gttr u lu prtlr h ul b mu. L m t è qull d rdfr l, gà utrvlmt drtt dl mgtr pù rpr. Prtt l m tt è qull d dgr l rdt dl b mu ppur d drvrl md putul 5. Mlt pù mdtmt vrr vr qulh dr r l lgm tr b mu pr. Itutt dvrbb ruprr l pvl h l dr ul b mu m g t, m prmtvmt m u dt d ftt ttutv dll pr, ll mur u qut trutturlmt è prt ll rl, m bbm vt. L mpbltà d pr trm d dpd lmt, dtrm l tà dll pr d dr ul b mu. D ftt t u ttggmt utrl frt d qull d d vt h dtrm l b mu. U d gu. S t pd l trplg dll dg drtt prd, llr l rl dll pr ll prpttv dl d d ftt prmuv h l b mu. Iftt, l b mu è l b dll pr qul h l pr è hmt rlr l d fur d é. È vr h l b mu è mu prhé d ftt rgurd l tr mutà, m rgurd l tà prpr prhé qut prmtvmt è l b dll pr. Ptrmm rdr l qut trm: l b mu è tl prhé tt ll pr; m l pr è pbl rl ll tà d è ì h l b dll pr dvt l b dll tà. I tl md, t b mu prm dll pr, é prm dll pr b mu. L f è pt ul ftt h è turl, è d tur h l pr prmuv trd l b mu d h, m bbm vt, rl m l u dttà l d d é. M pr prtlrmt pprtu l rhm dl Dumt prprtr dll Sttm l 7, qud rv: «Nll tà um [ ] l b d gu può r rggut ltt l pr d tutt. M, prttutt, l b d gu può r frut (è gdut) l è h dgl ltr» 6. VIZI PRIVATI, PUBBLIHE VIRTÙ: IL RUOLO DELLA POLITIA tud l rfl, rr rvdr l v h pr l mbt prl dll vt d qull pubbl. rt, g pr h drtt l rptt dll prpr tmtà, pr u rbb mrlmt rprvvl trmttr ll fr prvt dgl ltr. M ò h td ffrmr è l mpbltà d prr l dm prvt qull pubbl dll pr, l u lt prl l lt plth. L pr, ftt, è ò h gl; l h l pr è ò h f f ò h è. rt, g d h m tut u ggtt mrl, m prpr qut vlr mrl h l pr vd prt ll d h è hmt mpr, vd prt rfl l u dgtà prl. Prtt «ddr è mpr ddr», è vlr d mpgr pr trur l prpr prltà mrl b ml, d dll d pr r qul vlr. M l d mb l tu mb l pr, pprfdd l u r bu ttv, llr «ddr è mpr ddr dgl ltr» h qut gfh u ttu d rpbltà. «[È] u tr llu qull d rdr [ ] d fr dl ml fr u ltr [ ] è u rrr gu mmgr h p mr ur gl ltr [ ] M ll t md quluqu fm [ ] frl b gf mpr u rv pubbl. I ò h fm è mpr qull h fm fr, qull h fm fr t mpr u rrv ltt d rg h fugg ll tr prvd l tr gvr» 7. «I g tt mrl trbu plmr m t m l pr h, m pg tt u h rgurd l m t, bì h gl ltr l md l qul tutt vvm. L tur mpl dll tt um vlg qut du mbt. I g rmt pt rl m t qut ggtt gt l rltà bttv dll tu» 8.

27 ur L m rfl può rtr hu, pr tt mtv: qulu. Qul è, è, l rul dll plt dll plth ll prm dl b mu? È pbl mprr pr lgg l b mu? Il ftt è h l purh dll tt t h vut bu g l ubrdr l rr dll vrtà qull dll mp tr l prt. Iftt, g mp pm tr d u l dll vrtà bf dll rr d tr l prt l h p md dvr. D qulh prt è tt trt ddrttur l f dl mt dll mggr, ffrmd h u tt l plurlt h l prt d u gl dv r grtt dll tt, tt gl l u trl tr l rt dll mggr 9. ì l tt dvt mpl rbtr tr ttd, dgd l ggrf dll rd d vlr, grt dll pbltà d u d r mpdt l gur l prpr v. Il h è mprbl ll rd p u drtt pt trm qu luvmt ptvt, ì h l rvd dl drtt pù h mrr l rmt d ò h bbttvmt è gut, mr ll gr d u p dtr l qul u p rtr lbrmt l prpr vrtà. I fd v dr l t, pr rt vr ttutv, tr drtt lgltà, t h t mpr vv l rr dll gut m m rg d r dl drtt t h tlvlt dvt prtlrmt ut qud, m dll gut, lv l v dll b dll mrl frt dll rm gurd. L t tr gut lgltà v rlt lmd l prm trm rd d vlr ltt l lgltà. L ffdmt gutft dll tt t h trt dtr d é h l g vrttv dl drtt, pr lmr g ptt d gr dbt dll t ll rgl dmrt d rpprt tr gl dvdu. D gu d tt prt tu vtlr m g lut l tllr, h è dvtt l vrtù pù rht. M h qu, qud l tllr um m rtr d prg l vrtà, dvt mlt flmt l m grtt dll dffr l mhr h rv gutfr tr d prt. Sm d dffr, prhé dhr tdlmt dtrt ll pr prttr d u prpttv dvr. Mhr d tr prtlr prhé l dtr pr l ltr prt d trr d é. L tà d vtr l tt t gf rur ll rr dl b mu, m mprt l tà d rmttr l tr l dmd ull vrtà u md utt d tdr l dmr. I prtlr, qut dv dvtr l lug u l t ll vrtà tr, trvd dll md rtmt pbl mggrmt rpdt l p d vlr h d m md trtt. Et u vr d mprm mrl h h ull h vdr l rdu l mm d ò h è rrubl. Al trr, fgur m l tttv d rlr dtr l tg tr l mggr b rtmt pbl. S trtt rt d u mprm, m ò vul dr rfut d drr tutt l prpr ur, m mur, qut l tr prt m b prò dvr mrl. Il mprm dv gfr u trr ptt l prpr. Al trr, l pr ppd vr ptt ddd, ll f, u gr h, pur d l ptmum, rt tuttv l pù gut qull rt. È prpr l pvl dll rt tt tr l ttm l b pù grd rtmt pbl h pr l trd d u gr mprmr h prtrà l trll dll t mprm. Iftt u r t h prtrà d u p d rt rut, phé l rr dl mprm, m md mglr d ttur l b, tdrà uprr l t mprm, ttrvr l r d d d lt h r mpr pù fvrvl ll rl d u b pù mp. Il mprm duqu è l rr dl mggr b pbl gg, m mpr l gurd rvlt l dm pr rdr pbl, futur, d pù fvrvl ll ffrm d qull t b. Nt Sull tr dll tllr fr. F. LOMONAO, Tllr: mmt prr dll mdrtà f Vltr, Gud, Npl 5; fr. r A.E. GALEOTTI, L tllr. U prpt plurlt, Lgur, Npl 994 R. SALA, Bt plurlm d vlr. Tllr, prp, dl mrl, Lgur, Npl 3. M prmtt l rmd. ZUARO, Bt vlr l ptmdr. I dlg l ultur lbrl, Qur, Br 3. 3 Il pt dl t è u rt d «prdgm t l qul l è mpl, fttul, d[] mmdtmt u dvr r [...] ì l mmt dvr r dl lttt, h mft g 5-3

28 6-3 vr dv? u rpr, dvt l dvr fr trtv d ltr h l p fvrr t tmt l prt, td l rl grdul dll prm tll g t lu» (H. JONAS, Il prp rpbltà. U t pr l vltà tlg, Eud, Tr 99, 6-67 pm). 4 fr. J. DERRIDA, Dr l tmp. L mt fl, rt, Ml 996. S p vdr h l rfl d A. AILLÉ, L Tr prdgm. Atrplg phlphqu du d, Déuvrt, Pr 994 d M. MAUSS, Sgg ul d. Frm mtv dll mb ll tà rh, Eud, Tr. 5 «Pr tr prm t l tt d b mu gv rfr ll t pù ggrt, mplt prptt dl Mgtr - tut l rt mpd dll Dttr l dll h - h ì l df: Dll dgtà, utà ugugl d tutt l pr drv tutt l prp dl b mu, l qul g ptt dll vt l dv rfrr pr trvr p d. Sd u prm vt, pr b mu td l m d qull d dll vt l h prmtt, ll llttvtà gl mmbr, d rggugr l prpr prf pù pmt pù lrmt (Gudum t p,. 6). Il b mu t ll mpl mm d b prtlr d u ggtt dl rp l. Ed d tutt d u è rm mu, prhé dvbl prhé ltt m è pbl rggugrl, rrl utdrl, h vt dl futur. m l gr mrl dl gl rl l mpr l b, ì l gr l gug p rld l b mu. Il b mu, ftt, può r t m l dm l mutr dl b mrl (DS,. 64)» (Dumt prprtr dll 45m Sttm l, 7,. 7). 6 Iv. 7 M. BLONDEL, L. Sgg d u rt dll vt d u dll pr, S Pl, ll Blm 997², pm 8 H. URRAN, «th Lght f th thl Mrl Trdt», URRAN H., d. (Rdg Mrl Thlgy, 4), Pult Pr, Nw Yrk 4, 4. 9 S vd Eglhrdt ul qul h rtt. ZUARO, Bt vlr l ptmdr. I dlg l t lbrl, Qur, Br. N pm rrdr l rv h gà t Agt fv prpt d u drtt tutt lgg t gut: «Rmt utt qud ut rg mg ltr, t mg ltr qud ut prv rg?» (AGOSTINO DI IPPONA, D vtt D, IV, 4). S rmd H. WEBER, Il mprm t, T. GOFFI, d. Prblm prpttv d tlg mrl, Br 976, 99-9;. VAN OUWERKERK, «Mrl évglqu t mprm hum», lum (965) 3-5; K. DEMMER, «Ethdug ud Kmprmß», Grggrum (97) 33-35; pr u ppr trdplr vd H. WEBER, hg. Dr thhr Kmprmß, Hrdr, Frburg 984. Iltr H. J. WILTING, Dr Kmprmß l thlgh ud l thh Prblm. E Btrg ur utrhdlh Burtlug d Kmprm durh H. Thlk ud W. Trllh, Düldrf 975.

29 D Lmpdu Vtmgl L drmmt tu dll Lb, tr gurr vl, trvt mltr dtl d d d prfugh vr l ltr pd dl Mdtrr, può trrgr. N ltt pr qut d rd pubbl, pr mr ll d v plt, tr trl: m pr rg d mpl ludbl umtà. dvdm u qut pg du rfl h rrv d du dvr frtr dl tr P, Lmpdu Vtmgl: put trm dll Pl mprvvmt vvt dll pr d qull h qulu hm ldt, ltr mgrt, m h rt, prm d g thtt, um. Lmpdu: ftt, prl Prd d dll A ttl d Agrgt L A ttl dll d d Agrgt prm rt prup pr l ggrvr dll tu umtr ull l d Lmpdu vbrt v ll h ll d ll mutà, h vv «u d d grlt, prfd dg. L ttvtà lvrtv dll pl mutà rh d fr rmt mprm, tr l rt prup dll fmgl» (rd. A. Bg, Prlu l gl prmt dll, 8 mr ). Oltr 6., ftt, mgrt brt u u l h t 5. btt, truttur d gl l ll l ml rdtt d u drmtr l prt. L tu è dvut ltr llrmt, tt l bu vltà d mlt, prtr umtr mpl ttd, rh d fr ltr u qulbr d vv l mutà ll h mft, gutmt, ppr. Ad gg l mggr umr d pr ull l è rpprtt d gv tu pt ull tr t dl mrgg d u lvr ur ll pr d ptr ltr l tr frtr, tu qut h ull h h vdr l mrg Lb. Pr qut mgrt rr trvr lu tr Itl Tu l qudr d u mplv mpg dll mutà urp tutt. Fl tmr p h, l ggrvr dll tu lb dll lt mltr, ltr vl, qut vlt rlmt bg d ut trl rhdt l plt, p gugr Lmpdu pt d u vr mrg umtr. L t Alt mmrt dll N Ut pr rfugt up h l l vg l pù prt dgtt h Lmpdu tr d r ò h è mpr tt, u lug d prm r d trt. Pr fr ò rr prr tt urgtmt u p d trfrmt vr ltr lugh d gl pprtumt dvdut ul trrtr tl m d pù prt ut tt, up, d u t l fu. L A ttl up h h dl trrtr grgt dl rt dll Sl mtt pr l pù prt u rdmt vltr pr u p d ut ll mutà lmpdu. Agrgt, 3 mr vr dv? L ppll dll A ttl d Agrgt l t ttm d u vvt lgur mpgt ll df d drtt um dgl mmgrt 7-3 (d

30 8-3 vr dv? Ar dgtmt um Aldr Bllr* U t d tr. m tt, m dvr d tutt. Qu prpr tutt: pltt tl ttt ufrm, mul mgll b vt, l gdrmr fr, drt d brgh, l Dg, prt. I pur r d fl prd. I vltr h dtrbu b, vtt, prt bu gl. E p lr: tu. Ovuqu. E d g tp gurd. è l lt, l ldt, l rml, l pul d l rpt. A vlt l t mgrt può vr m tutt l qulfh. Dpd d m è grt l rut dll frtu. Srbbr, lm dl put d vt gurd, tutt ugul, m l tr lgg fu d fl pr p l u mgl ll drltà d ptr. E ì mgrt h dv ll t br, h h vut m ttm mpbl Lmpdu, mtt p tr dvr trv qu, dut, d uv m, ull ph dll t. A d d tr dv tt trfrt d dl grd d l d pltt u mbttut, lu h m u t d l plt h h m t rhdr, ltr, pù, trv gà rtt l rgtr dgl dgt pr l rt (ul) d ldttà, ltr r h m l drt d pul d ltr, qull h h brut tutt l tpp, ll pur u drt d rpgmt fr. Tutt tt rgrmt trdtt rb qud mprbl gl trr u rbbr drt. Bt gr! p ubt h u lgl. M rd ph mut m prg tutt gl tt h gl tt tft tutt l rt h h rlt dl lr br d r. E vt l burr tl, l rt m. I prv pgr h vv qul è l tut d fgl h m prg qut ft. Arrv l prm pullm dll r r. L prtrà tutt, lt, dgt d pul, ll rm d pmpr dbt d qulh gr rfug tmpr pr l tt. Vtmgl h vlut pttr d dvtr u ltr Lmpdu. N h vlut flr l gpr dt dll mprbbl dt tr prfugh ldt (trm tt dl put d vt gurd, h blr pr lgg). App h vt prm tu ggrr pr l trd, dlr tmt tt d prdr l v pr l Fr, ggt mt d prfugh, l ttà, l ddtt tà vl è m ubt. H t dtrbur vtt pt, tutt. Srvv u pt prt pr l tt. L h trvt ph gr. Oltr t pt ltt, mrt pult, rv g u l mu pr r m. Pr mgr flmt b vr mmtbl. Rptt ll tt pt ul ml d Lmpdu, ll pr, ll fm, l frdd rpr, Vtmgl è u bl lt d qultà. rtmt umr dvr. t ml. E prttutt qut è u l. L pr t qu u tt du p tt l frtu vr l Fr. Lì v, ull l, mgrt umulv, umtv d r r vv v d ut. M l ptr lgr h qu, Vtmgl. I mlt dll r r, trplgmt dffrt d vltr, rt ptr l rrg d h d u dv m rrl. v mpdt d u mlt dll r