A new approach to concentrating solar plant (CSP) by ENEA

Transcript

1 A new approach to concentrating solar plant (CSP) by ENEA ENEA objective Economic element of solar plant ENEA technology innovations Archimede demonstrative solar plant Final remarks Presented by Mauro Vignolini

2 ENEA objective To produce electricity by solar plant at high temperature (550 C) using molten salt. the advantages are: u u u u Higher solar plant efficiency; Lower solar electricity cost; Higher storage efficiency; Integration by gas combine cycle plant.

3 ENEA technology innovation Solar collector design (easy manufacture and assembly) Storage (low volume and cost) Heat transfer fluid (low environmental impact) Receiving tube (high efficiency) 550 C 290 C Steam generator Power block

4 Solar technology potentiality High insulations area (300 W/m 2 ) 1 m 2 1 barrel of petrol/year 500 kg of CO 2 1 km 2 Thermoelectric plant of 50 MWe working for h/y

5 Land area required by CSP to supply electricity demand in the year 2004 Source: Clean power from deserts Power grid Italy Energy 314 TWh / y Area (47 x 47) Km 2 Sardinia World TWh / y Area (350x350) km 2 Europe TWh / y Area (160x160) Km 2

6 Electricity cost comparison (c$/kwh) Source: Energy Information Administration

7 Levelized Energy Cost (LEC) comparison Oil barrel cost 124,00 Equivalent LEC (*) Source CESI

8 Electricity cost: comparison between two different technologies

9 ENEA Roadmap: by labs to industrial demonstration (10 years) ENEL Archimede 5 MWe Industrial Demonstration plant Demo design and construction Industrial role Lab R&D Test facility PCS Prototype Operation start-up Prototype Operation start-up Prototype Design Project Start-up 2006 Components test and qualification 70 employers Government role

10 Molten salt as process fluid and thermal storage Molten salt is fertilizer (60% NaNO3 40% KNO3) Advantages: High working temperature (oil 380 C - molten salt 550 C) Atmospheric pressure in the thermal storage Lower volume and cost for thermal storage Molten salt at 450 C

11 Storage working Temperature 550 C Temperature 290 C

12 Temperature influence on storage volume

13 Technology innovation: support structure of solar collector Competitors Patent ENEA Wing rib ENEA

14 Reflecting surface and tracking system DUPLOMATIC Brevetto Patent ENEA Tracking system RONDA REFLEX Wind effect on collector

15 Reflecting panel manufacturing RONDA-REFLEX

16 Reflecting panel manufacturing REFLEX - RONDA Composite material and thin mirror

17 A new design for receiving tube ENEA patent Coating Angelantoni industry Highest temperature (550 C) and efficiency in the world coating stable in air Angelantoni singed agreement by Siemens

18 Receiver tube Below Steel tube with coating Glass tube with vacuum

19 Angelantoni industry view Sputtering machine

20 Manufacturing process of the glass tube Glass coating

21 Test facility for components and system qualification Pump Up side of the Storage ENEA Casaccia labs (Rome) - Started-up April 2004 Storage Investment 5,43 M

22 Archimede project Owner ENEL (electrical utility) Technology and design ENEA Power 5 MWe Placed in Siracusa (Sicily) Storage 7 hours Photo reconstruction ENEL Archimede will start on 2010

23 Archimede project Solar field DNI DNI kwh/ kwh/ m 2 2 yy Number Number of of SCA SCA Solar Solar field field area area m 2 2 Thermal Thermal output output 28,3 28,3 GWh/y GWh/y Field Field efficiency efficiency 48% 48% Thermal Thermal storage storage MWh MWh (8 (8 h) h) Nominal Nominal power power 4,7 4,7 MWe MWe Net Net electrical electrical output output 9,2 9,2 GWhe/y GWhe/y Solar Solar to to electricity electricity 15,6% 15,6% Energy Energy saving saving TEP/y TEP/y Emission Emission avoid avoid CO CO t/y t/y Gas combined cycle Combined cycle plant in Priolo Gargallo (Sicily) N 2 units by 380 MWe

24 Archimede project is the integration of solar plant with gas combined plant ENEL 760 MWe 5 MWe

25 Archimede solar plant layout ENEL combine cycle plant Solar field

26 Archimede storage cooling system

27 Archimede collector assembly

28 Archimede collector assembly

29 Archimede collector assembly

30 Archimede collectors Archimede is under construction at moment it is 40 %

31 Water desalination in Libya (Gengroup, ENEA,Techint) Solar field Desalization plant Power = 5.8 Mwt 24 collector 1200 m 3 / day

32 Conclusioni C è un primato della Germania nel fotovoltaico, Danimarca nell eolico, Francia nel nucleare, altri Paesi puntano oggi sul termodinamico. Nessuno di questi modelli è perfetto, nessuno ha la risposta definitiva: ma ciascuno rappresenta un pezzo di soluzione, una transazione più avanzata verso quello che stiamo cercando. Ogni innovazione importante ha un ciclo di vita: all inizio stenta ad affermarsi, deve lottare contro resistenze conservatrici; poi la novità sfonda, ha successo, viene adottata da tutti e i benefici si diffondono.

33 Conclusioni u Le varie fonti di energia (fossile, nucleare, rinnovabili) non devono essere messe sullo stesso piano, altrimenti si creeranno delle aspettative difficili da realizzare per le rinnovabili. u Il solare ha una bassa densità di energia, sono necessarie ampie superfici per produrre energia. La ricerca è necessaria per aumentare il rendimento e ridurre i costi. u Nei prossimi anni dobbiamo trasformare questa tecnologia sul solare termodinamico in valore economico, non è sufficiente la creatività e l invenzione affinché l innovazione si trasformi in successo.

34 Conclusioni u Il finanziamento pubblico al solare termodinamico ha permesso di programmare attività di ricerca con forte innovazione e alto rischio, le uniche utili per rendere le industrie italiane più competitive. u Molte persone criticano le rinnovabili, ma attenzione. Le persone quando accettano gli impianti a combustibili fossili o nucleari, non lo fanno perché apprezzano queste fonti di energia; le accettano perché acquistano il diritto di continuare a usufruire di un bene prezioso: l energia elettrica. u Il problema delle rinnovabili è un problema di costi, cosa succederà quando riusciremo ad abbatterli?

35 Barack Obama The choice we are doing now is not if save environment or economy, but between prosperity or decline. The choice is urgent we have to decide now looking at the future of next generation. The country that will drive the world on developing new clean energy, will be the leader of global economy in the XXI century.