!"#$%"&'('%")%*%+%",-$$(".('-/%("-"%"0(**(11%",%"*'('2

Transcript

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`Xa;HX[HAAHbGcc1(2'/394(#DD*#6+(#22$*3#,+($#(5+/6"$#()+2/#(%+%(#-("%#(,'62'/#,"/#1(6#(#-("%#(7#/*#0*+%'(-*(,'62'/#,"/#1(39'(4("%#(3+)#(-*7'/)#:(P'-*#6+(3+6'(#7/'66+(-+7",+(2/+3'-'/'( 3+//',,#6'%,'L(,/#)5+/6*#6+($#(,'62'/#,"/#((*%*0*#$'('(5*%#$'(#,,/#7'/)+($#(5+/6"$#(K:I(E&"'),+()d()*(2"C(5#/'F([ *(ENF(\(KJQM( _(KUV(\(KeV(N8(*%7'3'($#([ 5(ENF(\(VJQM(_(KUV(\(VJVN8()'(+/#(5#33*#6+($#(-*55'/'%0#(/*)"$,#(][ENF(\(VJVN(^(KeVN(\(IJN1( 3*+4(')#,,#6'%,'($+(),'))+(7#$+/'(,/+7#,+(3+%(*(M'$)*")1(3+6'(2/'-',,+:

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`#-*)(+."+0#*+-*3(+-(+.*D#aL#"99"$."+F"#$(53&*%(#%"3*6(#%/(#-16"+.(#&"#%0+-(+$"F*0+(#(#&"# $0&*-*:*%"F*0+(#1+"#$0$."+F"#%(-(#*&#%"&06(#%/(#")()"#*+#36(%(-(+F"#"%G1*$.".0#(#^+"$%0$.0_D

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

10 Diamo però ora due definizioni più accurate di miscela omogenea ed eterogenea DEFINIZIONE: Con il termine miscela omogenea intendiamo il risultato del mescolamento di due o più sostanze tale che le proprietà della miscela stessa siano omogenee su tutto il volume considerato, cioè siano uguali in ogni punto considerato; DEFINIZIONE: Con il termine miscela eterogenea intendiamo il risultato del mescolamento di due o più sostanze tale che le proprietà della miscela stessa non siano omogenee su tutto il volume considerato, quindi non sempre uguali in ogni punto; Queste definizioni si rendono necessarie per poter interpretare correttamente alcune situazioni che potrebbero portare a confusione o ambiguità. Consideriamo l'esempio della sostanza latte: questa, alla luce della definizione grossolana risulta un liquido di colore bianco omogeneo, quindi parrebbe essere una miscela omogenea di diverse sostanze più semplici. Invece se consideriamo la definizione corretta considerando due porzioni diverse di sostanza, ci rendiamo conto che alcune proprietà del latte non sono uguali in tutto il volume della miscela. Infatti il latte è costituito da una miscela di grassi ed acqua, ed il valore della temperatura di ebollizione, per esempio, varia di molto se consideriamo una porzione contenente solo acqua od una contenente acqua e grassi. Il latte risulta quindi una miscela eterogenea a causa della sua composizione invisibile ad occhio nudo Fig. 3: Latte, una miscela eterogenea Entriamo nel dettaglio: A B Se considero la figura A, che rappresenta una miscela omogenea, possiamo notare come la distribuzione dei puntini sia uguale in ogni punto del liquido. Questo vuol dire che prelevando una certa quantità di sostanza nei punti 1 e 2, la proprietà numero di puntini avrà lo stesso valore. Questo vuol dire che la proprietà numero di puntini è omogenea, quindi anche la soluzione. Consideriamo invece il caso B: se adesso considero le quantità prelevate nei punti 1 e 2 mi rendo conto che la proprietà numero di puntini ha valori completamente diversi, quindi in questo caso la proprietà non ha sempre lo stesso valore in tutto il volume della miscela, ma varia da punto a punto, quindi è eterogenea.

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

14 !"#$%&'& ()&*+,-.,/*0*&,1&"&%&,#,20""033&,4&,"*0*5-6!"#!$%&'()*#%!'+&)!,-'-)!.)!'++$%+'()*#%!.%&&'!/'-%$)'0!)#.)1'!&23#)1'!'44%$/'()*#%!!"#$%&#'#5 6 3#!1*$7*!18%!8'!9*&3/%!7$*7$)*0!/'!#*#!8'!4*$/'!7$*7$)'0!,)!-$*9'!'&&*!,-'-*!&):3).* ; 3#!1*$7*!18%!8'!9*&3/%!%!4*$/'!7$*7$)!,)!-$*9'!'&&*!,-'-*!,*&).* < 3#!1*$7*!18%!#*#!8'!#=!4*$/'!#=!9*&3/%!7$*7$)!,)!-$*9'!'&&*!,-'-*!+',,*,* &%!-$',4*$/'()*#)!18%!1'/A)'#*!&*!,-'-*!.)!'++$%+'()*#%!.)!3#!1*$7*!,)!18)'/'#*!7',,'++)!.)!,-'-* 76,B1$)9)!'!4)'#1*!.)!*+#)!-$',4*$/'()*#%!)&!#*/%!.%&!7',,'++)*!.)!,-'-*5 'C,*&).*!!&):3).* AC,*&).*!!'%$)4*$/% 1C &):3).*!!,*&).* DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.C &):3).*!!'%$)4*$/% DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD %C '%$)4*$/%!!,*&).* DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 4C '%$)4*$/%!!&):3).* DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 86 E#!/'-%$)'&%!9)%#%!-$',4%$)-*!.'!3#!1*#-%#)-*$%!'!3#!'&-$*!.)!/'++)*$!1'7'1)-?D!"#!,%+3)-*!'!1)F!%,,*! ',,3/%!&'!4*$/'!.%&!,%1*#.*!1*#-%#)-*$%!/'!#*#!&*!$)%/7)%D!"#!:3'&%!,-'-*!,)!-$*9'!)&!/'-%$)'&%G 6 '&&*!,-'-*!&):3).*! ; '&&*!,-'-*!,*&).* < '&&*!,-'-*!'%$)4*$/% > '&&*!,-'-*!+',,*,* 96 "#!$%&'()*#%!'+&)!,-'-)!.)!'++$%+'()*#%!%!')!7',,'++)!.)!,-'-*0!)#.)1'!&23#)1'!'44%$/'()*#%!1*$$%--'5 6 &*!,-'-*!.)!'++$%+'()*#%!H!3#'!1'$'--%$),-)1'!)#9'$)'A)&%!.)!*+#)!/'-%$)'&% ; )!/'-%$)'&)!,*&).)!',,3/*#*!&'!4*$/'!.%&!$%1)7)%#-%!18%!&)!1*#-)%#% < )!/'-%$)'&)!+',,*,)!',,3/*#*!&'!4*$/'!.%&!$%1)7)%#-%!18%!&)!1*#-)%#%! > &'!-%/7%$'-3$'!#*#!)#4&3%#('!&*!,-'-*!.)!'++$%+'()*#%!.%)!/'-%$)'&)!'%$)4*$/) IC!E#!/'-%$)'&%!9)%#%!-$',4%$)-*!.'!3#!1*#-%#)-*$%!'!3#!'&-$*!7)J!+$'#.%D!K*)18=!)#!%#-$'/A)!)!1',)!)&!/'-%$)'&%! $)%/7)%!1*/7&%-'/%#-%!)&!1*#-%#)-*$%0!:3'&!H!&*!,-'-*!.)!'++$%+'()*#%!.%&!/'-%$)'&%G!!"#E#'!A*/A*&'!.2'11)')*!L!M(!N!O!PC!1*#-)%#%!QR!+!.)!'(*-*D!"#!3#2'&-$'!A*/A*&'!.2'11)')*! S!M(!N!O!PC!1)!,*#*!OR!+!.)!'(*-*D!<*&&%+'#.*!&%!.3%!A*/A*&%!9)%#%!-$',4%$)-*!Q!+!.)!'(*-*!.'&&'!A*/A*&'! S!'!:3%&&'!LD!>*7*!:3%,-'!*7%$'()*#%0!1*/%!1'/A)'!)&!9*&3/%!.)!'(*-*!#%&&%!.3%!A*/A*&%G!

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`+3+]^[++] 3 +`+[+^3_+`+[+9& (2+%)#>>(%(#*,#+$,#%5()-#,'(%)+/#22".C),)+6+7 B 2#+-)2#%)2#+/(+^3_+<')/),,#+$)*)+$#-<'#+&0&.2(+.+D&#22#+/(+9&_+%5#+5.**)+'#.0(,)+ 9 <#'+),,#*#'#+[P+-)2#%)2#+/(+^3_+/#1)*)+'#.0('#+3P+-)2#%)2#+/(+]^[ H $#+$(+>.**)+'#.0('#+[+-)2#%)2#+/(+9&_+%)*+3+-)2#%)2#+/(+]^[+$(+),,(#*#+7+-)2#%)2.+/(+] 3 I 2"#D&.C()*#+*)*+6+M(2.*%(.,.+(*+D&.*,)+(2+*&-#')+/(+-)2#%)2#+/#(+'#.0#*,(+/#1#+#$$#'#+&0&.2#+.+ D&#22)+/#(+<')/),,(

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

18 !"!"#$%&$#'(!$(!)(*+(,-.!%&,%(,-'#/.&,.!+-.$.//#,0&!$1()2'()).&,(!2.3!#0#--#4!!!!!!#5!678*!0.!9+%%:('&!.,!;<7!%=!0.!#%>+#? B!0.!%#,0(**.,#!.,!7A<!:=!0.!#%>+#!!!05!BD!0*!0.!)#$(!.,!<77!*!0.!#%>+# %&,%(,-'#/.&,(!H!ID!*J=!8(,-'(!,($$#!)(%&,0#!H!#$!G6A<K!()2'())#!%&8(!8J8K?!)#2(,0&!%:(!$#!0(,).-L! $"%M(!:&!N778$!0.!+,#!)&$+/.&,(!#$!6BK!OJO!(!0&2&!>+#$%:(!8.,+-&!)&--&!.$!)&$(!!8.)+'&!%:(!.$!)&$F(,-(!H! 0.8.,+.-&!0.!678=A!>+#$(!)#'L!$#!,+&F#!%&,%(,-'#/.&,(!0($$#!)&$+/.&,(P O O O O C