Formal Italian Translations Vocabulary Grammar Points

Transcript

1 1 Formal Italian Translations Vocabulary Grammar Points

2 Lesson 1 Formal Italian Ciao, mi chiamo e tu? Ciao, piacere. Io mi chiamo. Piacere. Buon giorno, mi chiamo Cox. E lei? Come si chiama? Buon giorno., Martini. Piacere di conoscerla. Molto lieta. English Hi, my name is, and you? Hi, nice to meet you. My name is. Nice to meet you,. Good morning, my name is Cox. And you, sir? What is your name? Good morning., Martini. Nice to meet you. Very pleased to meet you. 2 Vocabulary Italian English Class buon giorno good morning, good day, good greeting expression afternoon ciao hello, hi, bye greeting expression e and conjunction Vocabulary Sample Sentences Buon giorno Signor Martini. Buon giorno, Luca. Ciao mamma! "Good morning, Mr. Martini." "Good day, Luca." "Hi, mom!"

3 Ciao, Laura. Io e Anna andiamo a casa. E tu? "Hello, Laura." "Anna and I are going home." "And you?" Grammar Points The Focus of This Lesson Is on Italian Greetings. Buon giorno. Ciao. "Good morning. Hi/Hello." Ciao is the easiest and most common Italian form of greeting: people use it to say "hi," "hello," or "goodbye." We should only use this greeting with people whom we are well acquainted with, such as friends or relatives. 3 On the other hand, we may use buon giorno with anybody, even people we meet for the first time. Literally, buon giorno means "good day"; however, we may also interpret it as "good morning" or "good afternoon." As a rule of thumb, we can use buon giorno only during daytime-from morning until evening-or from before daybreak to before dusk. If we want to say "good afternoon," we sometimes use buon pomeriggio.

4 Italian Lesson 2 Sono di Milano, e tu? Di dove sei? Io sono di Miami. Ah, non sei di Milano... English I am from Milan, and you? Where are you from? I'm from Miami. Ah, you're not from Milan. 4 Vocabulary Italian English Class come what / how adverb dove where adverb di from adverb Milano Milan noun io I personal pronoun tu you adverb Vocabulary Sample Sentences Dove andiamo? Dove sei stato? Dove sei? Dove abiti? Non sono di Milano. Io sono di Firenze. Tu sei uno studente? Anche tu? "Where are we going?" "Where have you been?" "Where are you?" "Where do you live?" "I'm not from Milan." "I am from Florence." "Are you a student?" "Even you?"

5 Grammar Points The Focus of This Lesson Is Talking about Origins in Italian and the Verb Essere ("to be"). Di dove sei? "Where are you from?" As we have seen, di dove sei is the exact equivalent of "where are you from." It indicates the precise place where one comes from. You should answer either by mentioning your home city or the nearest important city in order to let the listener easily understand. Di is a stationary preposition that we use with essere when talking about a person's birthplace. 5 Let us now look at the conjugation of the irregular verb essere ("to be"). Italian "English" Io sono "I am." Tu sei "you are." Lui/lei è "he/she/it is." Noi siamo "we are." Voi siete "you are." Loro sono "they are." Since it is irregular, there are no learning tips to make the drilling of this verb easier. Notice that in the dialogue, we translate the expression di dove sei as "Where are you from?" but there is no tu (Italian for "you"). This is because there is no need to state the subject, as the form sei implies "you" in the second singular person pronoun. This is always the way it is in Italian unless we want to stress the person we are referring to. When negating a statement, we should use the negative particle, "no," and non + verb. You can also skip the initial "no" and just answer with non + verb. For example, non sono di Milano. Video conversation: Signora, un gelato? Si, grazie Audrey Cooper Piacere (stretta di mano) Di dove e? E inglese? No. Sono Americana. Sono di Miami Scusi, signora, come si scrive Cooper? Si scrive cosi E Rossi, si scrive cosi, vero? Miss, an ice cream? Yes, thank you Audrey Cooper My pleasure (hand shake) Where are you from? Are you English? No. I m American. I m from Miami Excuse me miss, how is Cooper written? It s wrote like this And Rossi, it s written like this, right?

6 Italian Lesson 3 Ilaria Ilaria Ciao Ilaria, come stai? Benone, e tu? Non c'è male, grazie. Buona sera, signora Ravazzi. Come sta? Molto bene, grazie. E lei? Mmm. Io sto così così. English Ilaria Ilaria Hi, Ilaria, how are you? Terrific, and you? Not too bad, thank you. Good evening, Mrs. Ravazzi. How do you do? Very well, thank you. And you? Mmm. I'm not so well. 6 Vocabulary Italian English Class come how interrogative adverb bene well, good adverb benone very well, terrific adverb grazie thank you, thanks exclamation buona sera good evening greeting expression signora madam, lady, misses noun

7 Vocabulary Sample Sentences Come ti chiami? Come stai? Come stanno? Come state? Sto benone. Grazie mille. Buona sera Signor Martini. Buona sera, Giovanni. Buon giorno signora. Come si chiama signora? Quella signora è francese. What is your name? "How are you?" "How are they?" "How are you?" (second person plural) "I'm very well." "Thank you very much." "Good evening, Mr. Martini." "Good evening, Giovanni." "Hello, madam." "What's your name, madam?" "That lady is French." Grammar Points The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking How Someone Is in Italian! Come stai? Come sta? "How are you?" 7 Come stai? means "How are you?" referring to the second person singular "you," (tu). We use come sta? in formal speech, such as "How are you, sir?" The meaning of the verb stare depends on the context we use it in. Here are a few of the most common: "to be," "to stand," "to stay," "to lie," "to be located," and "to be situated." Note: the direct equivalent of "to be" is essere. Here is the present indicative tense conjugation of stare. Italian Io sto. Tu stai. Lui/lei sta. Noi stiamo. Voi state. Loro stanno. "English" "I am" "you are" "he/she/it is" "we are" "you are" "they are" Lei means either "her" in informal speech or "you" (either masculine and feminine) in formal speech. The context in which we use the word determines its meaning. Lui can only mean "him."

8 Lesson 4 Formal Italian Amica Io sono italiano e tu? Io non sono italiana, sono americana. (rivolto all'amica di ) E tu? Anche tu sei americana? No, io sono spagnola. English 8 Friend I am Italian, and you? I'm not Italian, I'm American. (talking to 's friend) And you? Are you also American? No, I'm Spanish. Vocabulary Italian English Class italiano Italian adjective americano American adjective nazionalità nationality noun francese French adjective spagnolo Spanish adjective Adjectives Gender and Number Italian French Masculine singular italiano francese Feminine singular italiana francese Masculine plural italiani francesi Feminine plural italiane francesi 1. Italian adjectives can have feminine, masculine, singular, or plural meanings. You will realize the difference by changing the ending. 2. In the case of adjectives of nationality, there are only two types: one that follows both gender and number, and one that only follows number.

9 Vocabulary Sample Sentences Io sono italiano. La mia amica è Americana. Mike è americano. Di che nazionalità è? Di che nazionalità sei, Marco? Mi piace il pane francese. Sono francese. Mia madre è spagnola. Sono spagnolo. Lara è spagnola. "I am Italian." "My friend is American." Mike is American. "What nationality is?" What nationality are you, Marco? "I like French bread." I am French. "My mother is Spanish." I am Spanish. Lara is Spanish. Grammar Points The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking about Nationality in Italian. Ciao, sei francese? "Hello, are you French?" 9 In the dialogue, we see how to ask about someone's nationality. The construction of è americano? is the same as "are you American?" with two exceptions. First, as we saw in the previous lesson, there is no lei (Italian for "you" in formal situations), because there is no need to state the subject since è can only indicate lei (or lui, but not in this context). Second, when expressing nationalities, Italians do not use capital letters. Therefore, we can write americano, but not Americano, which would mean "the American (guy)," becoming an independent noun. Italian does not use capitals as often as English does. Please remember the following rules: 1. Begin proper names (Luca, Laura), town names (Milano, Roma), countries, lakes, rivers, and the like with a capital letter. 2. In headings or titles, only the first word has a capital letter, and the rest of the title is in lowercase. For example, Il signore degli anelli ("The Lord of the Rings.") Days of the week, seasons, and months always begin with a lowercase letter. - You should always begin words such as "English," "Italian," and "Japanese" (always in uppercase in English) with a lowercase letter in Italian: inglese, italiano, giapponese.

10 Lezione 5, quanti anni hai? Ho ventiquattro anni. E tu? Io ho venticinque anni. English, how old are you? I'm twenty-four; and you? I'm twenty-five. 10 Vocabulary Italian English Class quanti how many noun anno year noun avere to have verb ventiquattro twenty-four cardinal number venticinque twenty-five cardinal number Vocabulary Sample Sentences Quanti anni hanno? Quanti pantaloni hai? Quanti anni avete? Loro hanno trentadue anni. Fra un anno sarò sicuramente sposato. L'anno prossimo. Ho un gatto nero. Hai venti anni? Lei ha ventiquattro anni. Tu hai venticinque anni. "How old are they?" How many trousers do you have? How old are you? "They are thirty-two years old." In one year's time I'll be definitely married. Next year. "I have a black cat." Are you twenty years old? "She is twenty-four years old." "You are twenty-five years old."

11 Grammar Points The Focus of This Lesson is Using the Verb Avere to Discuss Age in Italian Quanti anni hai? "How old are you?" If we break down the phrase quanti anni hai, we can read it in English as "how many years do you have?" In English, we use the verb "to be" when indicating age, while in Italian we use avere ("to have"). 11 Let's look at avere's conjugation: Italian "English" io ho "I have" tu hai "you have" lui/lei ha "he/she/it has" noi abbiamo "we have" voi avete "you have" loro hanno "they have" So you could literally translate the first dialogue as: Italian "English" Quanti anni hai? "How many years do you have?" Ho ventiquattro anni. E tu? "I have twenty-four years; and you? Ho venticinque anni. "I have twenty-four years. Please remember this difference between Italian and English when referring to someone's age.

12 Lezione 6 Ciao. Hai una bicicletta nuova? Sì, è nuova. E' comoda? Sì, sì, grazie. Oggi ho anche le scarpe nuove! Le scarpe sono molto carine. Sì ma, non sono comode! English Hi. Have you got a new bicycle? Yes, it's new. Is it comfortable? Yes, yes, thank you. Today I also have new shoes! Those shoes are very cute. Yes, but they're not comfortable! 12 Vocabulary Italian English Class bicicletta bicycle noun nuovo new adjective oggi today adverb anche too, also, as well conjunction carino cute, pretty adjective comodo comfortable, convenient, easy, adjective useful

13 Vocabulary Sample Sentences Questa bicicletta è molto scomoda. I ladri hanno rubato una bicicletta. Ho perso il mio nuovo cellulare. Ho un appartamento nuovo al quinto piano. Hai visto la nuova puntata di "Friends"? Oggi mi sento bene. Oggi non vado a scuola. Oggi devo andare dal dentista. Anche tu vieni al concerto? Anche a te piace la pasta? Viene anche Luigi. E' una ragazza molto carina. Ho visto un vestito molto carino, voglio comprarlo! Il mio letto nuovo è molto comodo. Questo divano è molto comodo. "This bicycle is very uncomfortable. Thieves have stolen a bicycle. "I lost my new mobile." "I have a new apartment at the fifth floor." Have you watched the new episode of "Friends?" "Today I feel good." "Today, I'm not going to school." "Today, I have to go to the dentist." "Are you also coming to the concert?" Do you also like pasta? Luigi comes too. "She's a very cute girl." I saw a very cute dress, I want to buy it. "My new bed is very comfortable." "This sofa is very comfortable." Grammar Points 13 The Focus of This Lesson Is the Gender and Number of Italian Nouns and Adjectives. Hai una bicicletta nuova? "Have you got a new bicycle?" Italian nouns have both gender (feminine and masculine) and number (singular and plural). In the dialogue, we see scarpe ("shoes"); its singular form is scarpa ("shoe"). Because it ends in - a, it is a feminine noun. Please take a look at the following table, which shows how to classify Italian nouns by gender according to the ending vowel of their singular form. Ending Gender Examples -o The majority of the nouns are anno - "year," tavolo - masculine. "table," libro - "book" -a The majority of the nouns are bicicletta - "bicycle," femine. giacca - "jacket," tazza cup -e About half of these nouns are Masculine examples: Masculine and half femine. pallone - "soccer ball," Feminine examples: televisione - television In their plural form, Italian nouns change their ending with i and -e.

14 Lezione 6 Traveling in Italy Translate in Italian: Dove e la stazione dei treni? = Dove e l aeroporto? = Dove e la fermata degli autobus? = Dove si trova l hotel Astoria? = Dove si trova la piazza maggiore? = Stazione = Aeroporto = Fermata = Piazza = Trova = Biglietto = Nave = Ora = Destra = Sinistra = Dritto = Gira = Where is the airport? = Where is the hotel? = Connect the right translation: Dove e la posta? Dove si trova il mercato? Dove e il ristorante? Dove si trova la farmacia? Dove e l aeroporto? Where is a restaurant? Where is the airport? How can I find a pharmacy? Where is the post office? Where is the market?

15 Lezione 7 Mmmm, buono! Sì, i panini del bar di fronte sono molto buoni. Eh sì. Il mio ha le olive, il tonno e i pomodori. E tu che panino hai? Il mio panino invece ha il prosciutto, la mozzarella e le melanzane. English Mmmm, good! Yes, the sandwiches of the bar in front of here are very good. Oh yes. Mine has olives, tuna, and tomatoes. And you, which sandwich do you have? My sandwich has ham, mozzarella cheese, and eggplant instead. 15 Vocabulary Italian English Class panino sandwich, panino noun molto very, really adjective oliva olive noun pomodoro tomato noun invece instead adverb melanzana eggplant noun Vocabulary Sample Sentences Mi piacciono molto i panini italiani. Mangio un panino. Il panino al prosciutto crudo. Il tuo vestito è molto chic. È molto caro. "I like Italian sandwiches very much." I eat a sandwich. The sandwich with Parma Ham. "Your dress is very chic." "It s very expensive."

16 Grammar Points The Focus of This Lesson Is Plural Definite Articles. I panini del bar di fronte sono molto buoni! "The sandwiches of the bar in front of here are very good." Definite articles correspond to the English counterpart "the." Today we shall see the plural form of these articles. 16 Plural Definite Articles (see rules below): Construction (Before Masculine Feminine Nouns Starting with...) Before consonant i ragazzi le camicie Before vowel gli unicorni le unghie Before -z, -y, or -s + gli zerbini, gli le zanzare, le consonant scoiattoli scale Rule 1: Use i before masculine nouns starting with a consonant.

17 Lezione 7 Translate from Italian to English: Stazione = Aeroporto = Anni = Piazza = Nome = Treno = Bicicletta = Nuovo = Dove e la stazione dei treni? = Dove e l aeroporto? = Come ti chiami? = Quanti anni hai? = Di dove sei? = Connect the right translation: Dove e la posta? Mi chiamo Sam, e tu? Dove e il ristorante? Dove si trova la farmacia? Io sono di Elk Grove Ho dodici anni Buon giorno Arrivederci Tu non sei di Elk Grove Come stai? Molto bene Chi vuole aiutare? Where is a restaurant? I m from Elk Grove How can I find a pharmacy? Where is the post office? I m Sam, and you? You are not from Elk Grove How are you? See you later Who wants to help? Good morning I m twelve years old Very well

18 Lezione 7

19 Lezione 8 Commesso Commesso Mi scusi, quanto costa questa cintura? Costa venticinque euro. E quanto costano questi occhiali da sole? Sono così carini! Gli occhiali costano centoventi euro. Ah, la ringrazio. Compro solo la cintura. English Clerk Clerk Excuse me, how much does this belt cost? It costs twenty-five euros. And how much do these sunglasses cost? They're so cute! The sunglasses cost one hundred and twenty euros. Ah, thank you. I'll buy only the belt. 17 Vocabulary Italian English Class costare to cost verb questa this (feminine singular) demonstrative adjective cintura belt noun occhiali da sole sunglasses noun comprare to buy, to purchase verb solo only adverb Vocabulary Sample Sentences Questo libro costa dodici euro. Questi stivali costano duecento cento euro. La giacca costa cento euro. Quanto costa quello? "This book costs twelve euros." "These boots cost two hundred euros." "The jacket costs one hundred euros." "How much is that?"

20 Grammar Points 18 The Focus of This Lesson Is Asking the Price of Goods and the Conjugation at the Present Indicative of Verbs Ending in -are. Quanto costa questa cintura?/compro solo la cintura. "How much does this belt cost?"/"i'll buy only the belt." The verb costare ("to cost") works in Italian exactly like its English equivalent. We conjugate it according to the gender and number of the noun it refers to. The following scheme is the conjugation of the verb comprare, "to buy," at the presente indicativo tense. We underlined the endings for each person, which we use with all verbs, both regular and irregular. Italian io còmpr- o tu còmpr- i lui/lei còmpr- a noi compr-iàmo* voi compr-àte* loro còmpr- ano "English" "I buy" "you buy" "he/she buys" "we buy"" "you buy" "they buy" Here is a short list of some additional first conjugation verbs. For Example: Italian abitare amare arrivare ascoltare ballare cantare "English" "to live" "to love" "to arrive" "to listen to" "to dance" "to sing" *An important element of verbs is stress. The stress in both singular forms and the third person plural is on the vowel of the verb's stem, while the stress of the first and second plural person is on the theme vowel (in this case, -a-), just as it is in the infinitive. Please note that in Italian, only vowels at the end of a word can have a written accent mark: this indicates that the stress is on the word-ending vowel. We use it in the scheme above just to clarify the stress of the word.

21 Lezione 8

22

23 Lezione 9 Mamma mia, muoio di fame! Eh sì, è già ora di pranzo. Dove andiamo a mangiare? Perchè non andiamo in quel ristorante in Via De' Neri? Oh no, andiamo in quella pizzeria! Ma non vedi quante persone aspettano fuori? Sì, quindi la pizza là è sicuramente deliziosa. Proviamo! D'accordo. 19 English My goodness, I'm starving! Oh yes, it's already lunch time. Where can we go eat? Why don't we go to that restaurant on De' Neri Street? Oh no, let's go to that pizzeria! Don't you see how many people are waiting outside? Yes, so pizza is definitely delicious there. Let's try! Okay. Vocabulary Italian English Class ora time, hour noun pranzo lunch noun fuori out, outside adjective sicuramente definitely, surely, certainly adverb delizioso delightful, delicious adjective provare to try, try on, try out verb

24 Vocabulary Sample Sentences E' ora di andare a letto. A che ora arrivi? Oggi per pranzo mangio un gelato. Ti invito a pranzo. Francesca abita fuori città. È meglio tenere la spazzatura fuori casa. Uso sicuramente quel cappotto in inverno. Sicuramente verrò alla tua festa. I primi piatti in questo ristorante sono deliziosi. Questa torta è deliziosa. Ho provato a fare quello che mi hai detto. Proviamo quel nuovo ristorante? Posso provare questi pantaloni? "It's time to go to bed." "What time will you arrive?" "Today I eat an ice cream for lunch." I invite you for lunch. "Francesca lives out of the city." "It is better to keep the garbage out of the house." "I definitely use that coat in winter." I will definitely come to your party. "In this restaurant, first courses are delicious." "This cake is delicious." "I tried to do what you said to me." "Shall we try that new restaurant?" "Can I try on these pants?" Grammar Points 20 The Focus of This Lesson Is on the Singular Forms of the Adjective Quello ("that"). Perché non andiamo in quel ristorante?/andiamo in quella pizzeria. "Why don't we go to that restaurant?"/"let's go to that pizzeria." In today's lesson, we shall learn how to use the singular forms of the demonstrative adjective quel ("that"). Quel refers to things that are far from the speaker. This adjective precedes the noun and we modify it according to the same pattern as the definite articles. For example, la piscina ("the swimming pool") implies the usage of the adjective quella, as in quella piscina ("that swimming pool") because we use la before a feminine noun starting with a consonant. The table below explains clearly how we should modify quel. Construction Masculine singular Feminine singular Before vowels quell'osso quell'università Before consonants quel teatro quella casa Before y-, z-, x-, ps-, gn-, and s- + a consonant quello specchio quella stanza We use the adjective quell' before a singular feminine or masculine noun starting with a vowel.

25 For Example: 1. quell'osso "that bone" 2. quell' università "that university" Quella precedes any singular feminine noun starting with a consonant. 21 For Example: Italian "English" quella stanza "that room" quella biblioteca "that library" quella forchetta "that fork" We use quel before a masculine singular noun starting with a consonant. For Example: 1. quel teatro "that theater" 2. quel mestiere that job Finally, the adjective quello always precedes a masculine singular noun starting with y-, z-, x-, ps-, gn- or s- + a consonant. For Example: Italian quello specchio quello yogurt quello sport quello psicopatico "English" "that mirror" "that yogurt" "that sport" "that psychopath"

26 Lezione 9