Centro Educazione alla Sostenibilità Parchi Emilia Centrale. Parco dei Sassi di Roccamalatina. Riserva naturale Casse di espansione del Fiume Secchia

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1 t z ll sstbltà ll ml-mg Ct z ll stbltà h ml Ctl ss mlt sv tl Css sps l Fm h

2 t Gst p h l Bvstà ml Ctl Vl J.Bzz, M tl f@phmltl.t 2

3 t Gst p h l Bvstà ml Ctl È t pbbl sttt l Lgg gl.24/2011 p l gst h gl ll Alt App Ms ( l Fg), ss mlt ll sv ll Css sps l Fm h. L s lgl mmsttv è M Vl J.Bzz,340, mt s ptv pt l pbbl t s ptv tt slt tt ll pttt fmt, spttvmt vplg, Ggl (v bb) b (Ct Osptl). l Fg ttl tt l pp, l s t s tv l ppl m ll App stttl t sp l Mt Cm s mt. l psgg gmflg è mt sts ffmt t, ttt ms glls. lt qt s vt sg ll glz, h m h g lgh, pzz tb lvt vl blg psggst. ss mlt è stt sll ll pspt l fm s st s spf tt. tl mbt vsft ttzzt ll glls t s g lv s t, ss, ggl lt 70 mt ltzz pt p pt. Ammt st l psgg s tv bgh f lvt tss sthttt. sv Css sps l Fm h stt t l pv M gg ml, l, lzzt p gl l p l fm, h qstt b pst tvl vlz tlst. 260 tt sv tl s ttzzt sph q pmt sltt psl ttt l s l fm h. L sv è t p ptgg qst mbt h h fz qlb lg p ttt l tt stt. 3

4 Ct z ll stbltà h ml Ctl L sttt l Ct z All stbltà h ml Ctl p ll t ll t tv ll ml mg llgmt l Ct gl z Ambtl. l CA ppst l tl ptv tv l l Fg, ss mlt ll sv l Fm h st l pp mptz fmt ll bvstà psg sgt bttv: fv l fqtz fmt gl mbt tl, svlpp mptmt spvl tt l sptt ll ttl ll t, mt l spvlzz sl l sstm tl l vlzzz ttl. A tl f l Ct pp pgmmz tt mbtl vlt psg gl bttv spf m h ttt ll sgz gl sttt slst, ff ttvtà sppt ll svlpp lzzz ps pgtt. l t, ttv ft ll sl ll ttz, pp vst tth pù g (ttvtà ptlmt t p st l ssvz tt ptpt ll Bvstà ll A ttt ml Ctl); ff sppt t slz tt gtt p l sgt s fs pgttz h sz ll ttvtà tv è ttv m pt fmtv l t. L sptt tt-vlgtv è t llbt spt h sm l psl ll t ppg pgmm tt mt sl vstg mltpl sptt ll t l tt, m h svlpp vs ss qll ffz h tbà sz lg g flz slt mptmt. L tff ptv Nll vs ltà ttl l t p l ttvtà tv s vvl ll llbz g mbtl sssth (GA),pfssst fmlmt st ll mtv vgt ptv: V mbù, 8 - tl vplg (M) 4

5 L sttt l Fg Ct Vst Cs lvst Fmlb L f è tt mp sl plfzl sppt ll ttvtà tth fg pt fmz mtz l tt. st mp st ttzzt tvl. Ct Vst D t F At f h tmp glv ml, sgh fl v gg è pssbl gl t ll smt m psst ssv l sttt l m pst l p t. l t vst t l tm L fm ll q spt t ll sl plfzl mst tttv. ss mlt Ct l Ftzz Ggl l. v bb L f spt ll s ptv ll t è mpst tm h fg l fmtv plfzl, spstv t gl mbt l st, ttzzt p l sst tvl svz, v è pst st bt l ppl sp bstv b l tt l t ll pt mth. Ms l Cstg Z l. Lm l ms h t sl l st, gl ttzz l sz ll vltà l stg, lt spt m t l bs. sv Css sps Fm h At l Cs Bsll Cmpgll l. Alb f l h spt btt btt p l pz t blsm tzl, t pt ptt ml 5

6 pst t - pg. ß8 l Fg l m sg l sll M l ss m pù l Gh? t t Q l msh è Dll Fl ll h: l s l mgll A spss gl th lt...a l g zs mbt m zzl, ms bbstll, g l s h Cm s fm l mtg? Ots l bs q l msh è U ft bvs A spss gl th lt D ss mlt l m L q b pzs l Ch vt l t m Ospt (ll) Mvgl V l b l g L vt ll q A vl lgg sll p G spt Osplz (ll) l bs,l m,l psgg ll V Mltg sv Css sps Fm h l m t Aq C è vt l fm - Cm & C. ABC ll glg Ospt (p) t ll fst h è pù C Usl vgg sl h l g Aq..h lmt! l t ll A L mll q l pt Osplz (p) l bs llgt h f t tt 6

7 gtt spl - pg. 26 Attvtà h vt s tm pt p l t ppst llbz sggtt tz spptt slz gtt s fs pgttz h sz. Bvstà sz f l ffz L A ttt: mptt lgh qlb N ft l Bvstà mbt sstbl U ppt è t l glg ft? D v v l g l t ll Atmsf llbz : At Mlt - Mt Cm CN AC t t m llbz l Ct Dmtz ll Fz Vgl ll m Obzz Mtgll l mmm plg llbz l Assz Vlt - L q ql tz l tt? llbz l Csz ll Bf B L A ttt l Cttà M llbz : MMO - Mltt tv M t 22 Ch f h ftt l? 45 M Aq - 51 Vgg l psgg ff - pg. 37 7

8 l F g l m sg l sll Dstt: l m lss Lltà: F (MO) ttt: t/lbt lss, 2 (flttv) Vst (1g) l tt l ff ms mbt h q v, ssv l t h ttt, pssm v p tt pptmt mplss, m ttv Vv l l ll q ttvs l slt ll sgt l ss l tt, v m s fm fm, s mmg lbl h t mpm ll mm spz mzt l pst f shm t. M l ss m pù l Gh Dstt: l m lss ttt Lltà: F (MO) ttt: t/lbt lss, 2 (flttv) Vst (1g) Gl ml h l psz vs ll t ll sstm tl. Nl l ss s m vvt, p tsfms p spz stttt, s pt, tstmz ll psz ll ms sp ml, ll pù m st qll pù t m l lp l ql, h bt l A ttt. Dvt sì fl mp m l slvg ttt l sp, ls qll m, s fmtl pt ptz! t pt Dstt: l m lss Lltà: vplg (MO) ttt: t/lbt lss Vst - pz (1g) p lgg l psgg è m v v h. Og fm l tt è ftt l sst st t (h ml ) h, h bmb, l sl ph smpl z glg, s g p tpt. qst m mtg, ll, spt, vll, mtt, mss t, s pù sl bll btt, m mlt pù. l tt sà l st lb st, gl stt s l pg sfgl, ml, fssl gll sbb l pl. 8

9 l l Fg ppst lg pvlgt p ss gt t ll sz ll App ll s glg. l vs mt pssbl: 1) vplg L. Lg t t ll t gh h pt ll spt ll Vll l t gll, l Lg t, l L. B ll mflg gll h ttzz qst lgh 2) vplg L..Aplg t L pt l vl smpl pssggt h ll lltà t M (plg) p l st V Vll ll flt pù spttl sggst ttt l App: ss gs Q l msh è Dstt: l m lss 4 5 Lltà: vplg (MO) ttt: Vst/Attvtà (1g) mbt tl è pssbl pt gl spt ggssv mlt vvt m l tg, h pspp h l qsz fmz ggf (tgf), gmt mtmt. Attvs l spz mvmt vg ssmlt z stfh l vtmt ll g. lt mp ssv ttz ò h è lt bltà pt qs, p mt l fz l mvs mbt mt q pt p ppzz p ft st t. 9 l F g l m

10 l F g l m Dll Fl ll Oh: l s l mgll Dstt: l m lss Lltà: lt (MO) ttt: t/lbt lss, (flttv) Vst (1g) l è vgt sstm v gzz pt t vs mbt, ttzzt ll psz sp pt tg. L ssvz l ft tà sp l vt ffz,l splzzz g h l l smlt, plst gl ttmt stss mbt. L qlb ll t è lgt pp ll bvstà: m mp h ttt gl lmt s mptt vl h p l st l tt svz sptt. A spss gl th Clt.A lg Dstt: l m lss 4 5 Lltà: vplg (MO) ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst (1g) l ps t l st l tz qll h è stt ll pù g pplz ll p tttl t l V sl.c., Gll. Mlt tstmz ll l psz s vt f gg gl smt sps sll App ms, h h sttt ttm fg t l ms bttgl h qst pplz h vt fft. D lt g mpls ll glt l bb l mt ff l s mtll l vll. L slmt ll mtg ll Alt Fg h pmss l svz vs sptt ll lt lt (smps v p sgt l pss mzzz) l pgtt ppst p qst ppttà spl p s l ll st st. 10

11 zs mbt m Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Fss - lt (MO) ttt: Vst (1g) L q lmt fmtl p gl ss vvt, z fmz ptl z m, h pt vst mbtl h ptl vl bvstà, q l mptz ll ptz gl mbt m mt v pt ml s ttt ptl z ptbb spvvv l v qst. p l l ll q ttvs l b mbf, tb, pt m, sll tt t mp h m vv l tsfmz ll lmt. l m ml vgtl tlzz l pltà ll q l f mgl mp ( plltà, ts spfl, sps l gh t) zzl, ms bbstll, g sp l s h Dstt: l G lss Lltà: lt (MO) ttt: Vst (1g) l ptt sgl ml t l mt stf, h t vlt mgg hzz l qlb l m ll t, mpgm gzz vs gst vltz ll sp m, stmmt mptt l mplss qlb lg ll bvstà: sp m l pzzl, m st m l ms, m ppzzt m l vp ppstll. l spt mltssm sp ml pzs, ttt s lgt qlb m, h v ttvmt slvgt spttt. l F g Cm s fm l mtg? Dstt: l G lss Lltà: vplg F (MO) ttt: Vst - t pz (1g) l ps vl spl, h tlzz ss l mmgz, l m tl h pt ll fmz ll mtg, stml gzz l stà l ptà t tgtv vs l fm glg h gg st l pt. l pgtt s pp lt t gl l lgg h ttt s l ltà l pp mbt, ffhé mp h s ttt sstm h s gg s ps lt qlb s è spsbl. L ss tt pt v ttmt l lmt f sm spz, h tmt l lt mtl h s ssvt, mplt tttt 11 l g

12 l F g mt lttv, ttt h sggst spt p st l fm l psgg 1) vplg L. Lg t l t ptz v l phgg l lg t, s s h và m mt l lg t l lg B m ppl lmt tss l mflg gll. 2) vplg L..Aplg L t ptà f ss gs, ll pù bll flt ll pv M. 3) F L. Vll Osptl Dp pm sst lltà pt ll flz t tt Flll Osptl p ttt l tm l mllmt ll mtg p s q, s gggà l fg Cp ss và z l pssggt h à pm l l (ss C A Mt pgl) p l lg ffl. Ots l bs... q l msh è Dstt: l G lss Lltà: F (MO) ttt: Vst/Attvtà (1g) mbt tl è pssbl pt gl spt ggssv mlt vvt m l tg, h pspp h l qsz fmz ggf (tgf), gmt mtmt. Attvs l z l spt vg ssmlt z stfh fsst gz l vtmt ll g. lt mp ssv ttz ò h è lt bltà pt qs, p mt l fz l mvs mbt mt q pt p ppzz p ft st t l g U ft bvs Dstt: l G lss Lltà: stl- Mtt (MO) ttt: vst (1g) L mbt l è sstm mplss h spt vs tp btp, gz ql è pssbl f ppzz l fft bs h s pss t t l ps s ptà f mg l tsst sttg spvvvz msm vltv h h t lg ll plt sp vgtl. Attvs qst 12

13 ssvz s mpà mgl l gz ll svz ll bvstà ll ttl mbtl ll s mplsstà. Dt l ss s t mltpl tplg mbt vgtl, pù m flzt ll psz ll ttvtà m, ptt, sà l pssbltà fltt h sll pssbl m ll bvstà vt ll mptt tp. A spss gl th Clt... D Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Fmlb (MO) ttt: t/lbt lss, 2 Vst (1g) l ps t l st l tz qll h è stt ll pù g pplz ll p tttl t l V sl.c., Gll. Mlt tstmz ll l psz s vt f gg gl smt sps sll App ms, h h sttt ttm fg t l ms bttgl h qst pplz h vt fft t tsh m. Cst h m Clt, h sttt lvt smt sptttt m Fmlb vplg, stbls m bl t glt. D lt g mpls ll glt l bb l mt ff l s mtll l vll. L slmt ll mtg ll Alt Fg h pmss l svz vs sptt ll lt lt (smps v p sgt l pss mzzz) l pgtt ppst p qst ppttà spl p s l ll st st. Dt l ss t l ttvtà pvst: l l lt, ll lb sst g gzz/, p stml l ss spsbltà ptz ft ll t. l F g l g 13

14 l s s L q b pzs l Dstt: l m lss Lltà: Ggl - M (MO) ttt: Vst 1g U ps splz gl mbt mllt ll q l ll qst pzs ss. pm gl qlb hmfs gl mbt qt, l fmz s q l mllmt ll mbt stt. L t s pp ft s q, l Fm l Fs, s l pt vst ll vgtz h ll f pst h ll stt slt ll q. Dt l gt s fftt ls tmpt, vltà ll t, msz tt lz ll q l f vlt gl lmt hm fs. m l t l m Ch vt l Dstt: l m lss Lltà: Ggl (MO) ttt: Vst 1/2g - 1g Gl mbt l ff fg mltpl ml slvt, l slvg ptz gl sstm pmtt l spvvvz sp sh l pst ll t lmt. C qst ps s à ll spt gl hbtt l btt p ptggl spttl. t m Dstt: l m lss Lltà: Ggl (MO) ttt: Vst 1g U ppst p ts pvl gt t psgg glg pù tsst ll st g. bmb s tt ll spt ll glg tmt ssvz gt lbt tt. A ls, l vst ttst ml q, m smp l psst s sstbl ll ss tl. 14

15 Ospt (ll) Dstt: l m lss 4 5 Lltà: Ggl (MO) ttt: Vst/Attvtà (1g) Attvs vtt ps bsh ll ttvtà l-pth gzz mp tlzz mpp bssl sltt p ts sl tt, m h p sp spt sptts ll mbt m l tg mp s gl sptt tlst, l tz l st ll mbt ll. l s Mvgl v Dstt: l m lss ttt Lltà: Ggl (MO) ttt: Vst 1g L ll pp psgg ptl mlt tsst, l lv pt psl fgg lmbs ttt bs ftt pl sp gt s sll sl lg fm, ll t tst tl sg bvstà. U mbt h s è tvt v tg l tpzzz, l s sb l psz tt l vl tmp. s m l l Cb Dstt: l m lss ttt Lltà: Ggl (MO) ttt: Vst 1g L t mpg bmb sp l bt tmp m lt, q l m tv l s ssttmt pvltmt l bs. lt, l t psgg stm, sà vt t mst smps, l s fth l s bt: l b. Dt l gt ttvtà spz p s mgl gl sptt st-ltl l tz ll App. qst: s stg t gh p sp l ftt tmp st l p ll mtg, l g mm l t ll m 15 t l m

16 l s s m l t l g L vt ll q Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Ggl (MO) ttt: Vst 1g L ptz gl sstm f ll slvg ll ss tv ll mbt l s z pù mp. l ppst fft l pltà p pst sl tt, pmtt sp lt qlb hm-fs l mplz t l m l qmt ll q. và l s fltt h sll fz ll q, psst ft g spbl, gg vltt l tst glbl m ss g vbl, tl svlpp sstbl pv mss lmltt. A vl lgg sll p Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Ggl L. v bb (MO) ttt: Vst 1g L ptz gl sstm f ll slvg ll sp sh gts mgg bvstà l pst ll t lmt. Nl s tv fft hbtt, bsh, pt ltv, gl mbt xfl ll p pù m tv fg l sp ml pù spt, gmb fm, pù m sttl f mmmf h h pplt l p ql pl ghl. U hzz sp t sp l Fl llg, ml smbl l 16

17 Gspt Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Ggl L. mlt (MO) ttt: Vst 1g U pm pp l glg l gmflg, spz p f mp gzz tmp pss mllmt l tt l ttsth gl hbtt pst ptl ttz p l tbth h ttzz ss. Dt l vst llstz ll glg, gmflg pltlg l. l s s m l Ospl (ll) Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Ggl L. v bb (MO) ttt: Vst/Attvtà 1g U m v, tspl vlgt, p mp tt sl, tlzz mpp bssl, tmt l bs t s l pttt l l ttt ptl. pt fss (lt) s sst m, ttvtà, spz gt p t l st, gl sptt tlst ltl ll pttt.. l mgz st-tlsth, h spt p ttvtà vlt ll sz l tt, vg ppst gzz t stz svlpp ptà mt ttv. l bs, l m, l psgg Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Ggl L. mlt/mt (MO) ttt: Vst 1g l psgg bshv l s ss ll t ltà v l mbt l t ll ltvz, l st flvl l l vgtz h mb pgssvmt sptt l fvll s- 17 t l g

18 l s s m l t l l vs l p, mplss sstm ll t l ql g sp bt h l s l. t tph tmt mbt tvbl sltt ll t ll pttt, lb ttt ph lt ll m m stg, sttpst tgl l f p, s l tl tt v h h st vlz l tmp qlb t ttvtà m svlpp mlt mbt tl vs t l. s mlt v h pmttà gzz ttvs psgg vs t l p fmz, t sptttt vgtz t l st l tlzz ttvs l sz ll sp bth ll sfttmt l tt. l bs sà p stt sltt hv stf-tlst, m tlzz h l lttt ll. ll V Mltg Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Ggl L. v bb (MO) ttt: Vst 1g ll v Mltg è ps ttvs l vlz mbtl st l tt l ss mlt l Mv l vt mt l ltt ll tstmz lst ll m l s sl ftt f lgs l m l t v bb, l s-t l t. L ss pmttà gzz p l vlz l tt sl s l pt vst mbtl h gl vt st, gz ll psz lg l ps mptt f vl lgs. g 18

19 t Aq Dstt: l m lss Lltà: Cmpgll Cs Bsll ttt: Vst (1g- 1/2g ) L q ll s z pù mp, vst m lmt llt, st tsptt h tm l st mbtl m l tt. l fm q ts m sstm, ll sgt ll f, ll t l ql l sv, vt mp spz sp l psgg, m h mptt lmt ttl l tt p. C è vt l fm Cm & C. Dstt: l m lss ttt Lltà: Cmpgll Cs Bsll ttt: t lss, 2 (flttv) Vst (1g- 1/2g) l tt ll sv è ttzzt ms mbt fft h l lg l p l pssgg l smt ll vf mgt stzl h ppst l lmt fst mgg lv ll pttt. L mplsstà gl tp, gt flvl tp, l bs plzl gl mbt pl t fm g pt g hzz flst p spt g vtà stt, fb,ttl mvtbt. hzz vgtl fst h sà ggtt lv ll splz ll ssvz tlst ABC ll glg Dstt: l m lss ttt Lltà: Cmpgll Cs Bsll ttt: Vst (1g- 1/2g) l m h h tvt - mll s è fmt lmt p z D qls: l s L mtg h mllt tt h tsptt Dpl p p O v, lt. L p ftt tl m s t. l ps sg l m qst 19 s v C s s s p s F m h l m

20 s v C s s s p s F m h l m flst fft l tm ll glg ttvs l ltt l psgg (mtg, ll, p) gl lmt h l mll (l fm gl vt tmsf). U gt pl glg p mp tpt l tt v l sltt ll z l fm (s, tspt pst). L ss h z Cs Bsll (lgh Cl, Cmpgll) p sll g tfl ll ss sps l ql sà pssbl mtt vz l pm gt mllt l psgg, vv l m. l ps psg p f l mftt glt l vst pmttà bmb mp l fzmt ll ss sps. Nll s pt ll gt bmb spmt gl stmt l glg s l mp ft ll mpgt (lt gmt, mtll glg, l) t p ttt l fm h, v tlzzt (gg sph q) bsh pl. Ospt (p) Dstt: l m lss Lltà: Cmpgll Cs Bsll ttt: Vst/Attvtà (1g) U vtt m sp l t, l tz l ttsth ll pttt ttvtà sptv h s l ptà ltt tlzz t bssl qll mt. U mbt ffst sgl qll ll p pù s st ll t pttt bs plzl z m v v mss ll pv l ptà tmt. t ll Fst h è pù Dstt: l m lss Lltà: Cmpgll Cs Bsll ttt: Vst (1g- 1/2g ) U tmp mlt lt l p pt sts fst plzl h vt bvstà spss llgt p mlt ms l. Lì pssbl l, l ps l p l lg p l ttvtà 20

21 ll m, m mpssbl vv ltv. L p mb vlt sl pl lmb ll hzz vgttv h f. s v C s C Usl vgg sl h Dstt: l m lss ttt Lltà: Cmpgll Cs Bsll ttt: Vst (1g- 1/2g ) U fg lgg, l psst Usl, mpg bmb ll spt ll mbt flvl ll t lgm t l m l fm h: gl th mst v mpgh l pst l psst (l plv q p l gz p l pz stl, l g l, m h l ttvtà svg vtmt); gl tvt gl mptt ll m sl fm; l sh l. Nl s ll pssggt Usl, lt f s l mbt flvl ttvs l splz ppà st l ts spfh ttvtà t l lgm m-fm. qst: l mst l fm p s l pfss l psst l pst llgt l h l g Oh ll g ttvtà p sp l s h pss pt llv. 21 s s p s F m h l m

22 s v C s s s p s F m h Aq h lmt! Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Cmpgll L. Cs Bsll (MO) ttt: Vst (1g 1/2g) L q mps ll s z pù mp pssbl, vst m lmt llt, st tsptt h tm l st mbtl m l tt. l fm ts m sstm, ll sgt ll f, lgt l tt h ttvs l sv ss t vt mp spz sp l psgg. L ss m sstm ttl l tt p. l ps pmttà l fft t ft q ptbl (ft stt) b q tl tlzzt. ssggt lg gl t ll sv h pmtt ssv vs tp flzt ttmt ll q (t, gt, sl, p, t..) stz bs tplg smt (gh, lm,sbb) vgtz (, tf, sp pl b bstv). à t spz ll ssvz vf f m stttmt lgt ll q (, ll gt, vtbt, mvtbt, stt, fb). à lt llstt l l fz ll ss lt p ttt gl lmt tl. l g l t ll A Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Cmpgll L. Cs Bsll (MO) ttt: Vst (1g 1/2g) l tt ll sv è ttzzt ms mbt fft h l lg l p l pssgg l smt vf mgt stzl,lmt fst mgg lv ll pttt. L mplsstà gl tp, gt flvl tp, l bs plzl gl mbt pl t fm g pt g hzz flst p spt stt, fb, ttl mvtbt, f m ggtt lv ll splz ll ssvz tlst. t mgg lghzz s pt ssv vtà mbt lv ttvs l mp- 22

23 lz spfh sh lvmt l ttsth vs bs. Gl stt v ppt ll ssvz ttt p fv l spt tm t sg lst gl ml. Dt l mmt ps v ppst ttvtà lh mt ll mps l tt bs ll lg ( t lmt t mmg ml, mtz, t,..). à lt t lv l mmt slt ssvz slz p fv l mms ll stt t mt l pbbltà ssvz fsth. s v C s s s p s F L mll q l pt Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Cmpgll L. Cs Bsll (MO) ttt: Vst (1g 1/2g) U ps tt stf-spmtl p lgg l glg l gmflg ll z pll ll lt p. vv Ov Nll è pù pt ll è pù mll ll q. pp l mll q sv l pt. L ttvtà pvst ll ss t gzz p l vlz l mg pp l fmz ll p llvl, m h mp m s s fmt ql s l ss tl h ttzz l sv Flvl. à lt t mp spz l tm ll vlbltà l tt ll mptt l l ll ss sps. m h l g 23

24 s v C s s s p s F m h Ospl (p) Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Cmpgll L. Cs Bsll (MO) ttt: Vst/Attvtà (1g) pssbl vts spl mtt ll pv l pp ptà tmt tt p? ì, svlg l ttvtà ll t ll z m, st g l bs p tlzz l t l bssl p sp l stà l tt. l bs llgt h f Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Cmpgll L. Cs Bsll (MO) ttt: Vst (1g 1/2g) L st ll p p s lg ll mm st pst tt qt fst llgt m pt p m ll m ttvs sl bfh, fz, ltt p stpp t tl ll glt qll t tt sptl m hssm bvstà vgtz. L ltt ll sv h vs, ptà st lmt l t psgg bshv, pv tspt q pl lmb s, mst lg l fm, s ttt l tt stt gl g. L sptltà tt bshv, tt ltv st, h ptt m, sl, vlt v qst p. Dt l vst v pspst ttvtà pth smt, sz, sg, ppz sh sl mp p st pl g ll sp vgtl pù sgftv l tt ll sv, t ftt gzz h ptà p ss mplt pfzt sl. l g 24

25 t tt Dstt: l G lss Lltà: Cmpgll L. Cs Bsll (MO) ttt: Vst (1g) L st l fm h è stllt ll st gl m h qst fm h ttt ssttmt (q b), tvt s lv (l b l m, gl slt gl p l tl, ml ft, l p lh bf...) vtmt. U vgg p sp m è mbt l tmp l ppt m-fm, m p m vm p v m sm, s h, h ll, è l st ft. U t ll ms pt tss st-ltl ( sl, l Ct Osptl, l ltvt tph l psgg ll ). Nl s ll pssggt, lt ll ffz sth ll lz m-fm, sà lt pssbl mp l fzmt l ll ss sps, l spstv stt p m l p l fm ptgg l sh llv tt vll ll btt b, M, Cmpgll l Bss ms. s v C s s s p s F m h l g 25

26 O G C A L Bvstà sz f l ffz Dstt: l m lss l G lss t: l Fg ss mlt sv Css sps Fm h ttt: t/lz lss; t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst 1g - 1/2g L ptz ll vstà blg è ss vstmt p l ft, sptt fmtl qst vstmt sst ll z ll bvstà. U bttv mptt è qll s l bvstà, sltt ll fst tpl ll b ll, m sptttt pt ò h h f pt ll st spz qt (Cvz J sll vstà blg 1992): m l blssm ptt h mgm ttt g ms pt l fss. C qst psppst s t vv l pgtt sll bvstà, h và vlt sgt, l gt ll sl ll fz pm. L z pv tvt tt tv vlt m l bs stfh ll gst sstbl, ll mptz gl sstm l l h g sgl sp vst gl qlb tl. L ttvtà pvst t: fv l sz ll mbt gl sptt vgtzl fst, mtt ft l ltvz gl hé mp m vltz sll qltà ll q. Gl stt pt ppf mbt, l sl g, l sz ll bvstà l tt ttt t/lz lss sp s è l bvstà, l mptz ll s svz l l fmtl ll pttt ll ttl ll ss tl ll vstà gt. t/lbt lss (flttv) ppf l sz l tt bvstà l mptz ll s svz; st ll ttsth l sp 26

27 pt ml ppfmt sll ms lt tz h qst h t l l mbt h l spt Vst 1/2g -1g Vst tth mbt h vlg sstm t l mlt fft (s.z m, lh, fggt ), t l st s ffttà h vt lg sgt ll stz llbtv g mpp s ppstt ttt vvt st. V sì ss plst, sptt v mbt, l m l vtà sp pst lvt l tt t ll bvstà spf. N ft l Bvstà Dstt: l m lss t: l Fg ss mlt sv Css sps fm h ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst 1g - 1/2g U vtt vvt p pl splt s, ll spt ll vs fm vt h ppl sl gl sstm tl, m h l h lgh h spvvv ll st ttà. L pp ssl qll spmtl, l pplz smpl th lbtl l mtlg l/spmtl s ll bs qst ppst. Lbt lss (flttv) Nll pm pt ll t tmt ttvtà pth mmt ftl s fftt sgt gmt: l tt bvstà, l bvstà ttà, m l pz ft pò fl sll bvstà, l lt ffzt, l bb ft l s sgz. Nll s pt ll t và lzzt lbt l tv: bmb, l t ll pt tlzz mtl p, lzz mgt p ll fg p gl stt tl psz l g ll sl. s pgmmz và ft l l l mtl p ss p l lbt l tv. t ftt tl vlg bmb ll l p mtl ss l lbt, ò st pt l mssgg sptt ll mbt ll lss ll fmgl. O G C A L 27

28 O G C A L Vst 1/2g - 1g l ps pv st v sà pssbl ppf l tmt ll bvstà ssv tt pt ml h ppl l pttt. L st sà l s p vv bmb ll t ssblzzl sll sstà svl tt mptmt sstbl t tt gst ft, z gl sph, llstmt pl gl p gl ml tl l g tzz. mbt sstbl Dstt: l m lss 4 5 l g 1 2 t: l Fg ss mlt ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst 1g - 1/2g L th mz g tlzzt l ppst mlt vlgt. ptpt s smpl spttt, m vg vlt ttmt ll ttvtà, l sp qs mptz ttvs l pt l g. L tlvs, gl, spmt, s p ptt h tt l st ttz spss t, m sbglt, st qst. ttt ptt ttzzt v pkgg, h lt svt, h pvg lgh mlt lt v p s ffttvmt smt pv tl mt ll qmt. Dt l ttvtà v fftt gl gmt l spm gt, l mm q-sll, ll glt blg ll z ft. Lbt lss (flttv) L ttvtà è stttt m g sq l g sst l lzz, l pù bv tmp pssbl, sps bss mptt mbtl, sgl t v tg tplg ptt h gzz v spsz: ptt lmt, p l g psl ll s, ptt p l llmz. g tg, s pst t tplg ptt g ql è ssgt ptgg. L v slt v p mmtt spgt ll mt. Và l sq h và lzzt l sps m mptt mbtl. L ttvtà tm gh, qz, vb sl tm ft ll sps spvl. Vst 1/2g - 1g l ps pv st v sà pssbl ppf l tmt ll sps sstbl, ft m mb l mltà f l sps pss ll b l tst gl. L st sà l s p vv gzz l tt mt, lgt ptt ll t gl ml tl pp p qst m sggtt ll pz ft tp ptt mml lgt sptttt gl mbllgg. 28

29 U ppt è t l glg ft? Dstt: l m lss t: l Fg ss mlt ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst 1g - 1/2g p v l s gtt è st slt tt ggtt s gttt stttmt, sz ps ll sgz l l bb ll mbt, l pgtt sg l mptz l tt fmt ft. tttt l ppl tmth ss ll pz ft, ll qmt, ll ttsth mtl s ftt gl mbllgg, ll g vtà ft h pss ss ptt f ft pls v ppft l ltv mltà smltmt l. L mtlg tv tlzzt è pvltmt tp l/spmtl. Lbt lss (flttv) Dt l t lss v ltt mmt pz mmg flmt ppst g spmtz stf, p stml ltmt l ssvz, l stà l lg f gzz. L ttvtà lzzt s: spmt stf: mp gz ft Dgz ll. Attvtà pth: sttgf s sttgf glg. Gh: vb, gmm, qz, tbù ft. Vst 1/2g - 1g l ps pv st v sà pssbl ppf l tm l tt smltmt ft, llgl ttmt l ttl l tt. L st sà l s p pss gt pttt, t psgg g fs l svz è fft h ll ssbltà ft. D v v l g Dstt: l m lss 4 5 l g lss 1 2 t: l Fg ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst 1g - 1/2g Cs sl fsh stt l v, st llmt, mpt h s smpl lk ll ttt, fbbh O G C A L 29

30 O G C A L h fz 24 s 24. M v v ttt qst g? Ch m l p? sptttt sà smp st spsz? L g h è p sz tlg. qst lbt gzz t ttt sgt l stà ll v fm g, s l g lttv m sptttt sp m tlzzl m tllgt sz sph. Lbt lss (flttv) l lbt pv mmt gzz ptp ttvmt ll lzzz pl spmt gh sq, gzzt bs l m ptpt. L mtlg tv tlzzt è pvltmt tp l/spmtl. L ttvtà lzzt s: spmt stf h mst l ttsth ll vs fm g. pmtz smpl ggtt fzt g lttv. Gh: vll gt, l qzz, l tbù ll g, g -sgl. Vst 1g l ps pv st v sà pssbl vst pl tl ltt stt sl tt Flll l m F (MO). L st sà l s p ssv smp t g vbl mp m l fz ll q s tsfm g ltt. L st pv: tpp pss l Ct Vst D t, t f h tmp glv ml, sgh fl, v gg è pssbl gl t ll smt m psst ssv l sttt l m pst l p t; smpl pssggt pss l tt p ssv l vs mpt ll tl ltt; gh ttvtà gpp sl tm ll g vbl. l st ll Atmsf l Fg Dstt: l G lss 3 l G Lltà: stl l. Mt Cm ttt: Vst (1g) L t tt t sgt ll tmsf lzz l mpsz, ftt qt, l h l l mltpl ppl- 30

31 z h lz l ptll Kyt. fft qst tm s vvl ll llbz l Csgl Nzl ll h (CN) ll At Mlt tz Mtg Mt Cm. Nll ppst è pvst l vst ll stz stf l Csgl Nzl ll h sttt z ll Atmsf l Clm (CN-AC) pss l Mt Cm (2.165m). L tz GAW/WMO Mt. Cm è l «tz Glbl» pst sl tt Nzl. ss è mpst ll Ossvt Mt l vz Mtlg ll At Mlt Ct At Mlt Mtg ll Ossvt Clmt tl O. Vtt l Csgl Nzl ll h sttt z ll Atmsf l Clm. t m Dstt: l m lss l - G t: l Fg ss mlt ttt: t/lz lss (sglt) t/lbt Vst 1g - 1/2g l tm s s f mbt spl vs h vg sll st l tt: ts, bt, p, qst l fltà sszl ll m, l ql s ll g st l mbt h l mmt ppt sfttmt tlzzz ll spz pp f, s l q ll sgt, s t ps, fg. l psgg vt mmg ll lt ppl ll s st, tpzzt, h l m è st m mb. l t ppt, è lg fmt, b m mtt h lmt l ssz ll mm. ttt Ml A Ath mst ll t l b s spt pt sg Gspp Gzs, tst vg s/, ll pm mtà l Nvt, h ppstò pvltmt l ltà l ll vt mp. t lss (t 2 ) l m s g: t l t lss, gzz và spgt l mptz h vv mst lgt mp ll lvz ll t, ttt l s fs, sl l Mv, O G C A L 31

32 O G C A L m f ll mtà l sl ss. p l lgm t l stll, l m l bg mp ltvt h s stv l f ss. mp lg qst sptt ll vt, mp mbmt ll stà. Lbt Vgl (t 3 ) l m s g: l lbt pt, p vst gt, sps pt Gspp Gzs, gzz spmt v th pz s sg. Ml B Cttà tsmtz sstm mbtl: st q, t m Vgl t lss (t 2 ) l s g Lbt t ll sz mt ltv ll st mbtl l tt Vgl. Vst ml AB (1/2g - 1g) l m s g: l lbt pt, p vst gt, sps pt Gspp Gzs, gzz spmt v th pz s sg. ss mlt p p l vlz l tt sl s l pt vst mbtl h gl vt st gz ll psz lg l ps mptt f vl lgs. l Fg p sp l mvgl psggsth httth h l th st, h sl l tt l, l. L st vsst vt pllg h l l lt mm pss p pss s tv v fft l p, l mvgl, l stp p qst lgh. llbz Ct Dmtz ll Fz Vgl Mtlg tth stmt tv s gt fz ll lss tà ll m Obzz Mtgll l mmm plg Dstt: l m lss l g lss ttt t: l Fg ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) t/lz Amt (flttv) Vst 1g (ss mbt vst l pl msl) l stll plg ftzz pst Obzz Mtgll h ppst m ft fmz. 32

33 U vgg l tmp v l vt mtà vsst t qst mt l XV-XV sl,vt l lmt p lgg l tt mp l fz l lv h s s h sv p vv qst lgh. qst ps l pl msl ppst psl l tmp v mt, sttt, p, bt fftt psl sp ff tsst spt flss mt ll sstt sl vl ll mtà, gl stl vt, l lmtz, lv, l mltt,t. ttt Vst 1/2g - 1g L gt vtà s mmt mbt vlt q, pt vst ttl, l mtà plg lgg l fth,l spz l st ll s gt gz h ll vst l pl msl. L q ql tz l tt? l Fg ss mlt Dstt: l m lss 4 l g lss t: l Fg ss mlt ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) t/lz Amt (flttv) Vst 1g - 1/2g Vgg ll spt gl mbt m ql s pss t msssm spt p fltt sll mptz ll q, sll z mllt h l tt h ttvs, p mp ssvz tlsth sgl mbt h s g ll psz m ll stss p sp l p lzzt p gt l szz l l tt s mtg h p ttt bh t/lbt lss, 2 (flttv) l l ll q l gv ll q spfl Dt l t l psl l Csz B fftà l tm l ps ll q pptz ll mtg, ll p,ll ttvtà h vg svlt p gt l szz l l tt mtg p ptl g ll ttà mt sv h l ppl tplg tvt ffttt l mps mt. O G C A L 33

34 O G C A L Afftà l pblm ll ppvgmt gl llstà l ttà pt fz l sstm l. Dvt l g ll q t Amt (flttv) l l ll Aq. Lz Bzz Ag.. t pt stll mbll, vv p l q h s h sl è smp l.u bzz st ts pst bl: l ms ll q ll bf; t, stà tz sth h vlg ttt bmb gzz bllssm vgg spt l l ll q ll p ll bf B ll st t. l tt vst gt mpt mftt Vst (1g 1/2g) sp h l q z fmz ptl z m h h ptl vl bvstà. Ambt ptlmt vlbl h ptbb mblmt tsfms sgt gz st gt. pm h h l q è ptt slvt h sgl lg, h tsfm tt s, h pò v fz tl mv mss p g m l p lzzt sl tt t gm l s s vt l tt. Vst (1/2g flttv) l psl l Csz llstà l fzmt gl mpt v ll p bf pst sl tt. A Vgl - Cl.t A Cstlf ml L. Mzl Css sps Cl.Gv A B mpt v Btt Npl pst gtt p l sl Cm F, Fmlb, Ggl, M s/p, Mtt, vplg, lt, stl, Z. Dspbltà lmtt: l ttvtà sà ss t t s ll v ll ptz h ll stbz ttl. Ch f h ftt l Dstt: l G 2 3 lss l G t: l Fg ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst 1g slmt glbl, mt gl vt mtlg stm, s: l lm mb qst p h ll m. Gl st gl 34

35 fftt h l t l m pss p l sstm tmsf ppst mptt fmt p l ttz ll plth mbtl ml m pò v ppst h mptt pt fmt p l vv qt g tt. ttt t /lbt lss (flttv) Dt l ttvtà gzz v tt ll spt ll lmt, gl lmt qt ftt sh p l bvstà sgt mbmt lmt. L t s svlppà l sl sppt mltml ttvtà g/lbtl Vst (flttv) L Vst l t ll Atmsf ff l pssbltà sp l tt mt lt qt v s llt mptt sttt mtgg: l ssvt mt ll Uff Gl p l mtlg l Ct t mtg v s sg l msz pmt mt ll tz CO2 tmsf l stz stf l C s h ms gl qt tmsf ppl gs s ptt l ptll Kyt. O G pst tbt p l sl l Cm M Mltt Mm 22 Vgg l psgg Dstt: l m lss l - G t: ss mlt ttt: t/lbt lss (flttv) Vst 1g Ossv l psgg ttvs l gzzz l ll fm, ll vgtz, ll t st ppst m t smpl vlgt p svlpp t tv tspl. U ps h s lmt s ttt ò h h s sbl m h pt lmt fs tgbl f v l psgg h s g lt. Vst 1g l m s spt l psgg, l tt ll l ss, ttvs ls st/ stf h pò ls spz h ll z ssl ttt ltt mzl ll mbt tl mpst mltpl ftt: s, l, mbmt stgl,t. Dt l gt l tt ftt p, bsh, C A L 35

36 O G C A L pt ltv và ps gv t h l sl ll sh tth ft lb gl lmt psgg tt. l s spt l psgg, l tt ll l ss, ttvs ls st/ stf h pò ls spz h ll z ssl ttt ltt mzl ll mbt tl mpst mltpl ftt: s, l, mbmt stgl,t. vlpp l ps l sl mtl tgf pv tmt pst tbt p l sl l Cm M Mltt Mm 51 M q Dstt: l m ttt l lss l G lss t: ss mlt ttt: Vst 1g l psgg ll p è l sltt ll vlz mltpl lmt t ql l q l s s l s p. Vst (1/2g -1g) All z ll vst gzz v stmlt ttvs ll m p vf l l sl tm q ; fm tt? h tp vgtz è pst? g ll tl tfl?. spst qst m s zà splz ttt l tt h ptà spz l mftt glt l bs p ts l ssvz ll mltpl fm vt pst lzz l lz, pù m sttt, h qst pst l lmt q. pst tbt p l sl l Cm M Mltt Mm 45 36

37 ff tt l f s t l l g lt slt f mp v qt t ll mbt f sttzl ll t (t.4 D 633/72 sm). l Cm mps ttlmt ll A ttt t h ml Ctl* Cmpgll, F, Fmlb, Fss, Ggl, M s/p, Mtt, vplg, lt, b, stl, Z. t/lbt lss ( - lss) ,00 t/lbt lss (qtt - lss) ,00 Vst tth (mzz gt) ,00 Vst tth ( gt) ,00 *sls sl Cm M qt g gvlz lgt ll ppst pgtt t l Cttà Mltt Mm) Alt sl t /lbt lss ( - lss ) ,00 t /lbt lss (qtt - lss ) ,00 Vst tth (mzz gt) ,00 Vst tth ( gt) ,00 Agvlz Vst gt Agvlz ss ll sl pvt stz lt 60km* Vst tth (mzz gt) ,00 Vst tth ( gt) ,00 *stz llt ll s ptz l lg ll vst gg v ** Agvlz ss sll bs ll stz l lg sgg* spss tz sl st mplssv ll ttvtà tt svlppt. stz t 60 km 120 km ,00 stz t 120 km 300 km ,00 stz lt 300 km ,00 *stz llt ll s ptz l lg ll vst ** Agvlz pplt ll sl m Cmpgll, F, Fmlb, Fss, Ggl, M s/p, Mtt, vplg, lt, b, stl, Z gtt pl Qtz s hst bs ll svlpp sttt ll ttvtà 37

38 tz ptz fmz sll pgmmz sll gst ll ttvtà tth vlgs l Ct z ll stbltà ml Ctl ft Cl t l Fx ml: s@phmltl.t 38

39 39

40 t z ll sstbltà ll ml-mg stmpt s t O Offst pgf Azz - vll