Gli antichi acquedotti romani e alcune meraviglie dell Aqua Augusta di Serino Giovanni De Feo

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1 Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Gli antichi acquedotti romani e alcune meraviglie dell Aqua Augusta di Serino Giovanni De Feo

2 UNIVERSITY OF SALERNO - ITALY Department of Civil Engineering Groundwater Recharge in an Endoreic Basin with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater Giovanni De Feo Wastewater Reclamation & Reuse for Sustainability Nov / Ramada Plaza, Jeju, Korea

3 La Piana del Dragone Volturara Irpina (Av)

4 Dr. Andreas N. Angelakis Honorary Member of IWA Fellow IWA Past President of EUREAU Chairperson of IWA-WWAC SG on Water and Wastewater in Ancient Civilizations Iraklion, Hellas.

5 Ottaviano De Biase Poeta, storico locale, marinaio di montagna

6 UNIVERSITY OF SALERNO - ITALY Department of Civil Engineering Historical Development of the Augustan Aqueduct in Southern Italy: Twenty Centuries of Works from SERINO to NAPLES Giovanni DE FEO Via Ferrari, SERINO (AV) EU, FAO, UNESCO, EUREAU, Assoc. of Greek Municipalities IWA Specialty Conference: 1 st International Symposium on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations October 28-30, Heraklion (Iraklio), Crete, Greece

7 Specialist Group on Water and Wastewater in Ancient Civilizations cb /timemachine/images/4/45/the_time_machine.jpg

8 Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Sviluppo Storico dell Acquedotto Augusteo in Campania: Venti Secoli di Lavori tra SERINO e NAPOLI Giovanni DE FEO A.N.M.I. Associazione Nazionale Marinai d Italia per la Campania Presenta il volume L Acqua del Serino - Sorgenti e Acquedotti di Ottaviano De Biase CIRCOLO UFFICIALI DELLA MARINA MILITARE DI NAPOLI Sabato 11 novembre, ore 17.30

9 Perché i Romani costruivano acquedotti? In generale, non per fornire acqua potabile e per motivi igienici: per rifornire le terme (Hodge, 2002) o per scopi militari. Altri scopi (Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005): fontane pubbliche e decorative, abitazioni private, giardini, giochi acquatici, mulini, etc.

10 L immagine comune di un acquedotto romano

11 Componenti di un acquedotto romano (1) fonte (caput aquae); (2) sfiatatoi verticali (putei); (3) vasca di sedimentazione (piscina limaria); (4) galleria; (5) trincea coperta; (6) ponte canale; (7) sifone rovescio; (8) sovrastruttura (substrutium); (9) arcata (arcuationes); (10) bacino di distribuzione (castellum aquae divisorium); (11) rete idrica interna (fistulae cittadine).

21 Acquedotti di R O M A AquaAppia: primo acquedotto costruito a ROMA nel 312 a.c. Era interamente sotterraneo per una lunghezza totale di 16,561 km (Panimolle, 1984).

22 Acquedotti di R O M A Nei 500 anni successivi, furono costruiti altri 10 acquedotti. L ultimo grande acquedotto costruito a ROMA fu l Aqua Alexandrina con una lunghezza di 22 km (De Feo et al., 2011). Aqua Alexandrina Via di Tor Pignattara

23 Acquedotti di R O M A Gli 11 acquedotti di Epoca Imperiale avevano una portata totale di 1,13 milioni m 3 di acqua al giorno e una lunghezza totale di più di 500 km (Bono and Boni, 1996). Aqua Appia Aqua Anio Vetus Aqua Marcia Aqua Tepula Aqua Julia Aqua Virgo Aqua Alsietina Aqua Claudia Aqua Anio Novus Aqua Alexandrina Aqua Traiana

24 Acquedotti di R O M A In media, l 87% della lunghezza del sistema acquedottistico di ROMA di epoca imperiale era sotterraneo (De Feo et al., 2011).

25 L Acquedotto Augusteo Serino-Napoli-Miseno Miseno Napoli Serino

26 Serino: il caput aquae

27 Il massiccio carbonatico Terminio-Tuoro Sorgente Urciuoli (324 m) ACQUEDOTTO SANNITICO ACQUEDOTTO AUGUSTEO Piana del Dragone Caput Aquae Sorgente Acquaro-Pelosi (376 m) Calore L acqua del Terminio Sabato

28 Il massiccio carbonatico Terminio-Tuoro ACQUEDOTTO DI NAPOLI (2000 L/s) Sorgente Urciuoli (324 m) Sorgente Acquaro-Pelosi (376 m) Piana del Dragone Calore L acqua del Terminio Sabato

29 Il massiccio carbonatico Terminio-Tuoro

30 Comune di Serino Pro Loco Serino L Acquedotto Augusteo Serino-Napoli-Miseno Prof. Ing. Giovanni De Feo, Università degli Studi di Salerno CONVEGNO L ACQUA DI SERINO NELLA STORIA Sabato 18 Aprile 2009, ore 18:00 - Biblioteca Comunale prof. padre Floro di Zenzo, Serino (AV)

31 Duncan Keenan-Jones Research Associate at The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K University of Sydney, Macquarie University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

32 Pompei

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34 Il Sistema idrico di Pompei Castellum divisorium Section A-A Castellum secondarium Section B-B A A Baths and theatres Public fountains Private houses B B Baths and theatres Public fountains Private houses Regio VI Vesuvian gate Regio V Capuan gate Regio IV Nola gate Regio III Sarnus gate Regio II Villas and Sepolcri Herculaneum gate aqueduct castellum divisorium Regio VII Marina gate Regio I Nuceria gate N head 18m castellum secondarium Regio VIII Stabian gate fountain head 6m Castellum secondarium

35 Pompei: distribuzione dell acqua Acquedotto castellum divisorium carico 18m castellum secondarium carico 6m

36 Pompei: castellum divisorium

37 Pompei: castellum divisorium Ai Bagni e ai Teatri Alle Fontane Pubbliche Alle Case Private

38 Pompei: castellum divisorium

39 Pompei: castellum divisorium Alle Case Private Alle Fontane Pubbliche Ai Bagni e ai Teatri

40 Pompei: castellum divisorium Canale da Serino Alle Fontane Pubbliche

41 Pompei: castellum secondarium

42

43

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45 UNIVERSITY OF SALERNO - ITALY Department of Civil Engineering The Greatest Water Reservoirs in the Ancient Roman World and the Piscina Mirabiliis in Misenum G. De Feo, S. De Gisi, C. Malvano, O. De Biase IWA Specialty Conference: 2 nd International Symposium on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations May 28-30, Bari, ITALY

46 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis The Piscina Mirabilis derives its name from the eighteenth century antiquarian tradition, with clear reference to the remarkable architectonic effect; The Piscina Mirabilis can be considered one of the biggest Roman reservoirs ever known until now with a volumetric capacity of 12,600 m 3 of water (Potenza, 1996; Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005; De Feo and Napoli, 2007). Photo by

47 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis The Piscina Mirabilis is a gigantic reservoir 72 m long and 27 m large (Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005; De Feo and Napoli, 2007); It is dug in a tufa hill and has two step entrances in the northwest, the Ancient Roman entrance and southeast corners, this latter closed. 27 m 72 m

48 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis Inlet water The north-west staircase The south-east staircase

49 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis Section A-A Section B-B B A A B

50 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis 9.4 m 5 primary aisles Forty-eight pillars, arranged on four rows serving as a support to the barrel vault, divide it in five principal aisles on the long sides and thirteen secondary aisles on the short sides, lending to it the majestic look of a cathedral.

51 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis 10.4 m 13 secondary aisles Forty-eight pillars, arranged on four rows serving as a support to the barrel vault, divide it in five principal aisles on the long sides and thirteen secondary aisles on the short sides, lending to it the majestic look of a cathedral.

52 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis group of pillars With this structure, the Piscina Mirabiliis looks like a chethedral.

53 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis Longitudinal aisles Longitudinal aisles

54 Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis There is a basin of 1.10 m, probably a polishing pool, that was used as a Piscina limaria for the periodical cleaning of the reservoir (Potenza, 1996; Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005; De Feo and Napoli, 2007). Piscina Limaria Probably discharge hole in the Piscina Limaria 1.1 m Probable discharge hole

55 Piscina Limaria View of the Piscina Limaria One of the two staircase Probable discharge hole View of the Piscina Limaria

56 Pietro Laureano Architect and urban planner - ecosystem restoration with traditional techniques Founder and CEO at IPOGEA Traditional Knowledge Research Centre

57 2010 Wayne F. Lorenz Chief Engineer at Wright Water Engineers, Inc., Denver, Colorado Wright Water Engineers, Inc., Wright Paleohydrological Institute Wayne F.Lorenz, Giovanni De Feo, Erik Baros, Sabino De Gisi (2012). Ancient Pompeii Water Supply: Sources, Routes, Hydraulics of the Aqueducts. In: 3rd IWA Specializad Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations Istanbul, Turchia Marzo 2012 Istanbul International Water Association (IWA) Pag

58 2011 Nino Leone Medico, scrittore, «maestro rinascimentale»

59 Underground hydro-technologies in Campania felix Giovanni De Feo Università di Salerno, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, via Ponte don Melillo Fisciano (SA), Italy, Matera, Italy - European Cultural Capital 2019 Candidate - November 21-23, 2013

60 Matera, Italy - European Cultural Capital 2019 Candidate - November 21-23, 2013

61 Pompeii Water Supply Route and Tunnels of the Serino Aqueduct Wayne Lorenz 1 and Giovanni De Feo 2 1 Chief Engineer, Wright Water Engineers, Inc. and Director of Roman Aqueduct Research, Wright Paleohydrological Institute, 2490 W. 26th Avenue, Suite 100A, Denver, CO 80211, USA, wlorenz@wrightwater.com 2 Department of Industrial Engineering (DIIN), University of Salerno, 84084, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (Sa), Italy, g.defeo@unisa.it

62 Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels The route of the Serino to the intersection of the branch to Pompeii (near Ponte Tirone) began at the Acquaro Pelosi springs. From the springs, the aqueduct crossed the Sabato River on a bridge to the west to Aiello del Sabato (in the Province of Avellino). Serino Aqueduct Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels

63 Serino Aqueduct Tunnels In this upstream section of the Serino, there were shallow tunneled sections. A section of the Serino Aqueduct in this upper segment was exposed in February 2012 after a landslide occurred due to heavy snowfall. Serino Aqueduct Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels

64 Serino Aqueduct Tunnels Serino Aqueduct Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels

65 Serino Aqueduct Tunnels Serino Aqueduct Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels

66 Serino Aqueduct Tunnels The tunneled sections in this upper segment of the Serino Aqueduct were up to several meters below the existing grade. These shallow tunneled sections were constructed of rock and mortar and lined with the Roman hydraulic cement. Serino Aqueduct Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels

67 The Augustan aqueduct in the context of road system and urbanization of the served territory in Southern Italy Giacinto Libertini, Bruno Miccio, Nino Leone and Giovanni De Feo Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Divi Filius Augustus Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, brotherly fellow of Augustus, pivotal pillar of Augustus success and power, builder of the Augustan aqueduct

68 26 marzo 2015, Università di Salerno

69 L Aqua di Serino sul GuangMing Daily, Cina 郑晓云 zheng xiao yun

70 Water International Museum of Serino W I M

71 Museo Internazionale dell Acqua di Serino MIA