Tel ; Mobile: Genova, Febbraio 2011

Transcript

1 Aristide F. Massardo Ordinario di Sistemi per l energia e l ambiente Facoltà di Ingegneria - Università di Genova Dipartimento di Macchine Sistemi Energetici e Trasporti - DiMSET massardo@unige.it; Tel ; Mobile: Genova, Febbraio

2 2

3 Argomenti del corso 1. Introduzione, cenno alla situazione energetica mondiale e nazionale 2. Classificazione delle macchine e dei sistemi energetici 3. Richiami di termodinamica: la combustione ed i combustibili 4. I rendimenti di conversione: rendimento adiabatico, politropico, globale 5. Gli impianti a vapore e i metodi per migliorarne le prestazioni: rigenerazione e risurriscaldamento; cenno ai cicli USC. 6. Le caldaie a combustibile liquido e solido, il letto fluido, cenni alla gassificazione. 7. Le turbine a gas: applicazioni terrestri, navali, ed aeronautiche 8. I metodi per migliorare le prestazioni dei cicli a gas (cicli recuperati, intercooled, re-heated) 9. I motori a combustione interna per applicazioni stazionarie, mobili e per la propulsione navale (cenni alla sovralimentazione) 10.Gli impianti idraulici e le principali caratteristiche delle macchine idrauliche: turbine pelton, francis, kaplan. 3

4 Materiale didattico - esame 1. Sul sito www. tpg. unige. it alla voce studenti (students area) sono disponibili il programmia del corso e le slide che vengono presentate a lezione (se non tenuta alla lavagna). 2. Per l esame le prenotazioni, le date e l aula sono saranno riportate su AULAWEB per l AA L esame è solo orale, durante l esame possono essere richieste le soluzioni di esercizi, ovvero solo domande teoriche. 4. Gli appelli sono previsti solo da giugno a settembre e da gennaio a febbraio. Per studenti senza obbligo di frequenza saranno disponibili appelli anche al di fuori di questi periodi (vedere Aulaweb). 4

5 Sviluppo dello studio dei Sistemi Energetici LAUREA TRIENNALE ING. MECCANICA Sistemi Energetici 1-2 anno, secondo semestre (Massardo) Macchine 1 3 anno primo semestre (Satta) Sistemi per l Energia e la Propulsione - 3 anno, secondo semestre (a scelta) LAUREA MAGISTRALE ING. MECCANICA PER L ENERGIA Impianti per l Energia (Massardo) Turbomacchine (Zunino) Motori a Combustione Interna (Capobianco) Dinamica e controllo delle Macchine e dei Sistemi Energetici (Traverso) Celle a Combustibile e Sistemi Ibridi (Ferrari) a scelta Sistemi Energetici Sostenibili (Magistri) a scelta 5

6 Il vostro Docente: attività scientifica e tecnica A.F. Massardo: Full Professor (Professore Ordinario) of Energy Systems (since 2000): Director Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems University Technology Centre (since 2004) and member Rolls-Royce Advisory Technology Board (since 2008): Chair Closed Cycle Technical Committee (American Society of Mechanical Engineers ) and Cycle Innovation Committee Author of more than 120 international papers (95 international journals); 6 patents; 7 Best Paper Awards ASME ; H-index 15, more than 800 citations. Associate Editor: (i) Applied Energy; (ii) Applied Thermal Engineering; (iii) Aircraft Engineering and Space Technology. 6

7 Member EU H2-FC Platform and JTI Research Group (N- ERGHY) Evaluator for EU FP6 and FP7; Chair of evaluations EU- FP ENERGY Future Emerging Technology FET proposals. Consultant of the Italian Authority for Electricity and Gas (AEEG) for subsidies evaluation for Cogeneration and Renewables (about 8000 MW installed), since Member of the Technical Board of GSE (Gestore Sistema Energetico Italiano) Roma, since Member of the Academic Senate University of Genoa, since 2009, representing Technology area. 7

8 Il gruppo di ricerca TPG In 1998 researchers of two Departments Dipartimento di Macchine Sistemi Energetici e Trasporti DIMSET Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica e di Processo DICHEP established the: THERMOCHEMICAL POWER GROUP Main goal: Integrated Analysis of Advanced Energy Systems with particular emphasis to Cycle Innovations Permanent staff (2011): two full professors; one associate professor; and three researchers last four sponsored by Rolls-Royce since 2003 Ten Associate Researchers; Twelve Ph.D. Students 8

9 Publish (find money) or perish Publications, awards, patents 120 International Papers - 74 Journal ( ) 11 International Awards ( ) 9 patents ( ) Financial support International 65 % (40% EU) National 35 % 14 M in the last 10 years 9

10 Main area of activities in the Energy Conversion Field 1. Cycle Innovation (Gas Turbine based or not) 2. Coal Utilisation: IGCC, CO2 capture, H2 production (utilisation and storage). 3. Fuel Cells and Hybrid Systems 4. Distributed Generation and Poligeneration (including chemicals) 5. Renewables, biofuels, and sustainable energy 6. Biomass Gasification and Pyrolisis 7. Monitoring and diagnostic of Power Plants, including thermoeconomic approach. 10

11 Methodologies 1. Steady state (design, off design), transients, dynamics (real and ultra-real time) models of advanced energy systems (including validation!). 2. Thermoeconomics and environomics analysis using innovative and original approaches. 3. Multilevel hyerarchical optimisation of multiproduct systems (polygeneration) 4. Control systems, remote control, monitoring, RAM analysis. 5. CFD models of components and subsystems of innovative energy systems (fuel cells, heat exchangers, turbomachinery, reformers, etc.) 11

12 Test Rigs at TPG labs (Genoa and Savona) 1. MOSAT rig saturator for GT cycles steady and dynamic analysis. 2. Anodic recirculation rig for ejector design validation including transients. 3. Externally fired Micro Gas Turbine test rig (CHP and Trigeneration) with Ansaldo Ricerche. 4. Biomass district heating plants (3) and Biogas 1MW Power plant: technical and economic monitoring. 5. Biomass gasifier rig (downdraft) including ICE (10 kwe) 6. Hybrid system Cathodic early start-up rig (including turbomachinery emulator) 7. Hybrid system emulator using a modified 100kWe MGT (including start-up and shut-down control valves and anodic recirculation loop with apt instrumentations) 8. Hydrogen generator using Borohydrure (developed with ENEL and Regione Veneto) 9. Direct Contact Condenser Rig (developed with ENEL) 10. Distributed Trigeneration Plant at Savona Lab. Including MGT, MCI, Stirling, PV, Wind and Solar Thermal devices 12

13 Test rig 1: MOSAT - saturator 13

14 Test rig 3: externally fired MGT (1/2) Original Recuperator New Hex (metallic) Already available (not included in the model) Already available (external combustor) Artificial Electrical Load Low T Recuperator High T Recuperator Original Topping Combustor Disabled (Start-up) 14

15 Rig 4: DH Local Biomass (100%) plants (5MWth) 15

16 Test rig 5: Biomass Gasifier Downdraft gasifier Biomass inlet Gas clean up system 10 kwe ICE 16

17 Anodic side recirculation test rig: Static (ejectors design, CFD validation, and optimization), transient and dynamic analysis (hot closed loop) FC Anodic side volume Ejector Ejector nozzle SUPPORTED BY EU- PIP-SOFC PROJECT

18 Test rig 5: Cathodic early start-up (1/2) Start-up combustor Cathodic ejector T max 1000 C Fuel cell vessel 18

19 19

20 20

21 University of Genoa Hybrid System Emulator Savona Lab. Design of Anodic Loop Cathodic volume anodic loop anodic outlet anodic volume ejector Primary flow 21

22 University of Genoa Hybrid System Emulator Savona Lab. Installation of Anodic Loop (April 2009) All material AISI 321 Anodic loop venturimeter Anodic volume installation Control valve Anodic secondary flow pipe To cathodic loop Anodic primary flow pipe (draft) From anodic loop to cathodic loop and expander (GT) 22

23 Gas turbine exhausts Gas turbine Air compressor for anodic loop primary flow (ejector) CHP Steam injection system Demi water system Cathodic vessel Anodic vessel 23

24 TPG HS EMULATOR - Acquisition and control system (front panel) 24

25 25

26 European Projects Involving TPG - University of Genoa GTPOM Rolls- Royce FP V IM-SOFC- GT Rolls-Royce FP V FELICITAS Fraunhofer FP VI REAL-SOFC Julich Research Center FP VI PIP-SOFC Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems FP V Large SOFC VTT FP VI METHAPU Wartsila FP VI Marie Curie ToK-Dev BioSOFC Marie Curie ToK-IAP EnSOFC

27 Collaborazioni con aziende nazionali ed internazionali nel campo dell energia e con UNIVERSITA 1. ROLLS-ROYCE (UK) 2. SIEMENS (D); ALSTOM POWER (UK, CH) 3. HONEYWELL TURBO POWER (F) 4. ANSALDO ENERGIA 5. ENEL 6. FOSTER WHEELER 7. ENI OIL AND GAS 8. GE OIL AND GAS 9. ITAIPU BINACIONAL (PY-BR) 10. NETL (National Energy Technology LaB.) - DoE (Department of Energy USA) Queens College London; Cranfield U. (UK); Hamburg U. (D); University of California Irvine (USA); West Virginia University (WV-USA); DLR Stoccarda (D); ETH Zurich (CH); Istituto Technologico de Aeronautica (Brazil); AGH Krakow (PL); etc. 27

28 28

29 ROLLS-ROYCE UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY CENTRES (UTC) IN THE WORLD GREAT BRITAIN University of Strathclyde, Glasgow - Power engineering University of York - Systems & software engineering University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology - Electrical Systems for extreme environments University of Sheffield, Department of mechanical engineering Electrical machines & drivers, control systems engineering, materials damping technology, design UTP University of Nottingham, School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and Management - Gas turbine transmission systems, Manufacturing Loughborough University, Faculty of Engineering - Combustion aerodynamics University of Birmingham, School of Engineering - Titanium based materials University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy - Nickel based materials, Gas Turbine Partnership, Design University, Technology Partnership University of Swansea, Materials Engineering Department Titanium based materials Cranfield University, School of Mechanical Engineering Performance engineering University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science - Computational fluid dynamics, Solid mechanics Imperial College of Science Technology & Medicine London, Centre of Vibration Engineering vibration University of Surrey, School of Engineering, Guildford - Thermo-fluid systems University of Sussex, School of Engineering and Information, Brighton - Technology Aerothermal systems University of Wales, Swansea, Materials Engineering Department - Titanium based materials EUROPE DLR - Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft - und Raumfahrt Cologne, Germany - Combustion and compressors Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway - A series of long established research activities in the marine sector Chalmers University, Gothenberg, Sweden - Computational Hydrodynamics UTC Genoa University, Italy - Department of Engineering Fuel Cell Systems Research Centre USA Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana - High-Mach UTC In the United States Rolls-Royce will continue to develop our relationships with MIT, Penn State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Tennessee State University, Stanford University. 29

30 KEY IDEAS FOR UTC RELATIONSHIPS RRFCS Hardware Manufacturer Technology Product Business UNIGE Brainware developer Basic knowledge Modelling System analysis Need for development and education Need for validation and application UTC is a strong opportunity for increasing international relationships PROBLEM: IPR issues (standard NDA)?? 30

31 BASED ON THE PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED UTC IS ORGANISED AS FOLLOW: Director A. F. Massardo Fuel cells Micro & macro modelling P.Costamagna Fuel Processing and Reforming R. Di Felice Hybrid Systems Analysis and performance Transient, dynamic analysis & control L. Magistri A. Traverso Experimental activities (test rigs, etc.) M.L. Ferrari 31

32 Alcuni esempi pratici di sistemi energetici 1) Impianti idraulici (un incredibile incidente del 2009!!) 2) Impianti a ciclo Combinato Gas-Vapore (rendimento di primo principio 60%) 3) Motori aeronautici (la propulsione aeronautica) 4) Celle a combustibile (conversione diretta dell energia) massardo@unige.it; office ; mobile: (solo per sms) 32