The research activity lines devoted to the abatement of CO2 emissions in a large university department Ennio Macchi

Transcript

1 The research activity lines devoted to the abatement of CO2 emissions in a large university department Head of the Department of Energy - Politecnico di Milano

2 The context - CO 2 emissions 1/2

3 The context - CO 2 emissions 1/2

4 The context - CO 2 concentration 550 ppm 3 o C 500 ppm? 450 ppm 2 o C

5 What can be the contribution of a University Dept focused on energy technologies to GHG reduction? 5 I selected some examples, spanning in a wide range of applications, soma already on the market, others near-term, others long-term, of results achieved by the researchers of the Department of Energy of Politecnico di Milano : On the market Organic Rankine Cycles for biomass and geothermal energy (future: hybrid= geothermal+solar) Near-term small-scale advanced cogeneration and trigeneration plants based on fuel cells for distributed generation Solar cooling in Mediterrenean areas Long-term large-scale renewable power stations based on CSPs (Concentrating Solar Plants) innovative solutions for CCS Carbon Capture and Storage plants.

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7 An example of an ORC module, 600 kw el 7

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9 Typical operating conditions 9

10 Geothermal + solar? 10

11 Yearly balances in various locations 11

12 An experimental facility to test a prototype prototypeprocooling Wine in Tunisia 12

13 An application based on Fresnel concept: Cooling Wine in Tunisia

14 Cooling Wine in Tunisia: system layout Location: Domaine Neferis, Grobalia, Tunisia PSE (Mirroxx) 88m² Fresnel collector, one axis tracking Robur water ammonia 12,5 kw Absorption chiller with integrated heat rejection (prototype) Water-glycol (35%) cold storage 3m³ E15 E13 Conventional Chiller E12 E10 Q8 Cooling Demand Qsolar E1 E14 E9 Q1 ROBUR chiller Q7 Cold Storage Q10a Collector Field C1 E11 E8

15 Results Tunisia: typical daily operation

16 Long term application: CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) 16 LA SFIDA E NELL ABBATTIMENTO DEI COSTI GLI SPAZI CERTO NON MANCANO!

17 A new plant in Sicily, base on Italian technology 17

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19 Large room for optimization 19

20 GENERAZIONE DISTRIBUITA DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 20 TG Sottostazioni MOTORI Motori MOTORI Fuel cell Utenze Commerciali BATTERIE Volani FUEL CELL Utenti residenziali Turbina a Gas Utenze Commerciali Utenze Industriali

21 The new laboratories of the Department of Energy 21

22 The micro/tri/cogeneration laboratory 22 Hot water/cold water/cooling water loops Under test: a new 30 kw el CHP base on PEFC Electrical efficiency 30% Net AC electricity/ng

23 Long term application: Decarbonized electricity 23 from coal with CCS Oxy-combustion of raffinate stream ~ Catalytic oxidizer air nitrogen ~ Air Separation Unit oxygen Gasifier vent Gas turbine ~ Heat Recovery Steam Generator Shift HSMR reactor ~ CO2 compressor and drier CO2 to storage coal slurry ~ steam LT syngas coolers Saturator coal SH ash EVA HT syngas coolers ECO ash Scrubber water water Sulfur removal

24 CCS could solve sustainable mobility 24

25 25 Questions?

26 1000 g/kwh termo totale Germania Francia Regno Unito Italia * Spagna Svezia EU 25 USA Cina mondo

27 Nel 2000 il risultato del confronto sarebbe stato diverso: evoluzione dei rendimenti elettrici netti del parco italiano % solidi prodotti petroliferi gas naturale (solo energia elettrica) gas naturale CC (solo energia elettrica) Per il gas naturale: grandi progressi, siamo prossimi all asintoto (già raggiunto per i cicli combinati) Per il carbone: grandi margini di miglioramento!

28 28 [TWh]

29 Percentuale di energia elettrica prodotta dalla somma delle centrali 29 a carbone ed elettronucleari rispetto alla produzione complessiva The Italian anomaly % USA Cina Giappone Russia India Germania* Francia* Regno Unito* Italia** Spagna* Svezia* EU 15* EU 25* Mondo