Hydrogen and natural gas blends as fuel for urban vehicles fleets: what is the impact

Transcript

1 Hydrogen and natural gas blends as fuel for urban vehicles fleets: what is the impact Luana Grimolizzi _ luana.grimolizzi@sapio.it NGV 2011 Berlin 9 th June

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3 1922: SAPIO BIRTH 3

4 GRUPPO SAPIO TODAY 4

5 TODAY IT MEANS: 700 employees 100 in sales Activity in 10 countries 25 production sites 60 operating units About customers 5

6 AIR SEPARATION UNITS 6

7 LEADING MERCHANT HYDROGEN PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY Mantova Porto Marghera Pieve Vergonte Ferrara Ferrandina Brindisi Torviscosa m³/d m³/d m³/d m³/d m³/d m³/d m³/d 7

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9 OUR REASERCH MAIN THEMES Hydrogen as future energy carrier: Hydrogen production by renewable energy sources; Demonstration projects about automotive applications; Design and realisations for stationary applications. Innovation for speciality food industry: food products shelf life extension; typical food products supply chain development and organization; pro-biotic features preservation. Gases for Cultural Heritage Preservation: Historical Surfaces CO2 cleaning. Research for Environmental Protection : use of Oxygen for pollutants biodegradation in waste water and sediments treatment; innovative gas mixture for land reclamation; applied research in waste water treatment sector; applied research for gasification. 9

10 MY GAS Project Hydrogen and Natural gas blends: A bridge to Hydrogen as a fuel 10

11 WHY? ENHANCING ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF NATURAL GAS USING MATURE TECHNOLOGIES WIDELY AVAILABLE with LOW EXTRA COST PROMOTING THE INTRODUCTION of RENEWABLE SOURCES of ENERGY through GREEN H2 PRODUCTION and BIOMETHANE PROVIDING a BRIDGE SOLUTION for a WIDER USE of HYDROGEN in the SHORT-MEDIUM TERM 11

12 MY GAS project Experimental fleet based on 20 FIAT Panda Building up of 2 filling stations equipped with CNG/H2 blender (30% v/v Hydrogen/CNG) Partners: - ENI, SAPIO, FAST, CRF e NCT 12

13 Impact on vehicles Engine control system adaptation to take into account specific features of the blend compared to Natural Gas CNG feeding system components upgrade Original vehicle lay out & weight is respected 13

14 Low pressure gas pipe Filling point Gas tank Fuel rail Pressure regulator Gas injectors High pressure pipes EV groups Because of the hydrogen fraction in the fuel, components must adopt materials with suitable resistance to embrittlement phenomena; connections must also be adapted for zero leakage. 14

15 Preliminary Experimental results Thanks to the H2 fraction in the fuel CO2 emissions are reduced by 11% compared to pure natural gas Thanks to the H2 fraction in the fuel combustion results more complete with a direct effect on CO and unburned THC; also NOx are reduced compared to pure natural gas thanks to the optimization of the catalyst conversion efficiency 15

16 Which advantages are we gaining? The use of H2 for 30% (volume) in the blend gives a CO2 additional reduction of 11% (at wheels) compared with natural gas. A CO2 reduction of 34% ( at wheels) compared with gasoline 16

17 Where is the refuelling Infrastructure? It was integrated in a conventional multi fuel station, already deliverying CNG ASSAGO: Regularly working since February 2010 MONZA: Work in progress 17

18 WHICH ELEMENTS IN THE REFUELLING STATION? A conventional refuelling station already delivering conventional liquid fuels. A conventional refuelling station delivering Compressed Natural gas. An Hydrogen source feeding a compressor, an Hydrogen Storage, a blender and a dispenser allowed to deliver the HCNG mixture. 18

19 HYDROGEN SUBSYSTEM GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 19

20 ITALIAN REGULATION IN FORCE Italian regulation in force for Natural Gas refuelling stations D.M. 24 novembre 1984: Norme di sicurezza antincendio per il trasporto, la distribuzione, l accumulo e l utilizzazione del gas naturale con densità non superiore a 0,8 ; D.M. 16 novembre 1999 modificazione al D.M. 24 novembre 1984: Norme di sicurezza antincendio per il trasporto, la distribuzione, l accumulo e l utilizzazione del gas naturale con densità non superiore a 0,8 pubblicato sulla G.U. n. 275 del ; D.M. 24 maggio 2002: Norme di prevenzione incendi per la progettazione, costruzione ed esercizio degli impianti di distribuzione stradale di gas naturale per autotrazione ; D.M. 28 giugno 2002: Rettifica dell allegato al decreto 24 maggio 2002, recante norme di prevenzione incendi per la progettazione, costruzione ed esercizio degli impianti di distribuzione stradale di gas naturale per autotrazione. Italian regulation in force for Hydrogen refuelling stations D.M. 31 agosto 2006: Approvazione della regola tecnica di prevenzione incendi per la progettazione, costruzione ed esercizio degli impianti di distribuzione di idrogeno per autotrazione. 20

21 HOW TO DEAL WITH THE APPLICATION OF REGULATION The Compressed Natural gas subsystem shall be compliant with the Natural Gas regulation. Hydrogen Subsystem shall be compliant with the Hydrogen regulation. Mixture equipments are assimilated to Natural gas subsystems (Agreed with Internal Affair Ministry). 21

22 CONCLUSION: WHY SUCH PROJECTS SHOULD BE DONE? Cars design revision is quite limited. Immediate advantage in emission reduction. Promotion of innovative fuels introduction. Introduction of Hydrogen delivering infrastructure in conventional refuelling stations: Allows to prepare distribution facilities for coming fuel cell vehicles Favouring the social acceptability of a new fuel by the population. Demonstration is cheaper than that of a fuel cell vehicles demonstration project. 22