Tecniche radio. Edoardo Milotti Corso di Metodidi Trattamento dei Segnali A.A

Transcript

1 Tecniche radio Edoardo Milotti Corso di Metodidi Trattamento dei Segnali A.A

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3 Trasduttore capacitivo (capacitive microphone, electret microphone) V cc = Q C(t) + IR V cc C(t) =Q + IRC(t) V cc dc dt = I + IRdC dt + RC(t)dI dt

4 V cc dc dt = I + IRdC dt + RC(t)dI dt C(t) =C 0 + C 1 (t); (C 1 (t) C 0 ) V cc dc 1 dt I + RC 0 di dt

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16 banda frequenza lunghezza propagazione d'onda VLF Very Low Frequency 3 30 khz km onde guidate tra terra e ionosfera; LF Low Frequency khz 10 1 km onde guidate tra terra e strato D della ionosfera; onde di superficie; MF Medium Frequency khz m onde di superficie; rifrazione ionosferica negli strati E ed F di notte, quando l'assorbimento dello strato D si attenua; HF High Frequency (Short Wave) 3 30 MHz m rifrazione ionosferica nello strato E e negli strati F1, F2; VHF Very High Frequency MHz 10 1 m raramente rifrazione ionosferica nello strato E, estremamente rara negli strati F1, F2 durante attività solare, fino a 80 MHz; generalmente onda diretta; UHF Ultra High Frequency MHz m onda diretta; SHF Super High Frequency 3 30 GHz mm onda diretta; EHF Extremely High Frequency GHz 10 1 mm onda diretta limitata da assorbimento atmosferico.

17 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF C O MMERCE AN ATI O N AL TELE C O M M UNI C ATIO NS & INF O RM ATI O N S) 3 9 UNITED STATES FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS THE RADIO SPECTRUM NOT ALLOCATED khz 300 khz 300 Aeronautical Radionavigation (Radio Beacons) (RADIO BEACONS) TRAVELERS INFORMATION STATIONS (G) AT 1610 khz 300 khz 3 MHz (R) (OR) 3 MHz * (RADIO BEACONS) Aeronautical Mobile Maritime Radionavigation (Radio Beacons) 335 ** (R) (RADIO BEACONS) Aeronautical Mobile AMATEUR Aeronautical Mobile Aeronautical Radionavigation * (R) (OR) 4.75 * (DISTRESS AND CALLING) (RADIO BEACONS) (SHIPS ONLY) STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (5000 KHZ) STANDARD FREQ. Space Research (RADIO BEACONS) 535 ** (R) (OR) * * (R) Fixed (OR) Mobile AMATEUR AMATEUR AMATEUR 72.0 Mobile 73.0 STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (20 khz) Mobile (R) (OR) 88.0 (AM RADIO) STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (10,000 khz) STANDARD FREQ. Space Research (R) AMATEUR Mobile* (OR) (R) (OR) (R) RADIO ASTRONOMY Mobile* Mobile* AMATEUR AMATEUR AMATEUR STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (60 khz) Mobile* STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (15,000 khz) STANDARD FREQ. Space Research (OR) LOCATION AMATEUR RADIOLOCATION (R) (OR) AMATEUR AMATEUR Mobile STAND. FREQ. & TIME SIG. Space Research STANDARD FREQUENCY & TIME SIGNAL (20,000 KHZ) STANDARD FREQ. Space Research Mobile AMATEUR AMATEUR (TELEPHONY) 2107 LAND (R) (TELEPHONY) (DISTRESS AND CALLING) (TELEPHONY) Mobile* (OR) 190 LAND ** AMATEUR AMATEUR STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (25,000 khz) STANDARD FREQ. Space Research STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (2500kHz) 2501 Space Research STANDARD FREQ STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL LAND LAND LAND ** RADIO ASTRONOMY LAND ** ** ** LAND ISM 6.78 ±.015 MHz ISM ±.007 MHz ISM ±.163 MHz Aeronautical Mobile AMATEUR AMATEUR Maritime Radionavigation (Radio Beacons) Aeronautical Radionavigation (Radio Beacons) Aeronautical Mobile (RADIO BEACONS) (R) LAND MHz 300 RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND INTER- LAND RADIO ASTRONOMY RADIODETERMINATION LAND LAND LAND LAND Radio Astronomy LAND RADIO ASTRONOMY LAND LAND LAND LAND AMATEUR (TV CHANNELS 2-4) RADIO ASTRONOMY (TV CHANNELS 5-6) (FM RADIO) (R) (R) (R) (R) (R) MOB. SAT. (S-E) RES. (S-E) OPN. (S-E) MET. SAT. (S-E) Mob. Sat. (S-E) RES. (S-E) OPN. (S-E) MET. SAT. (S-E) MOB. SAT. (S-E) RES. (S-E) OPN. (S-E) MET. SAT. (S-E) Mob. Sat. (S-E) RES. (S-E) OPN. (S-E) MET. SAT. (S-E) AMATEUR AMATEUR AMATEUR (E-S) RADIONAV- (E-S) LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND Land Mobile (TV CHANNELS 7-13) Fixed Mobile Amateur LAND AMATEUR LAND RADIOLOCATION 30 MHz ISM ±.02 MHz 300 MHz FX FX AMATEUR AMATEUR RADIOLOCATION (E-S) Earth Expl Sat (E-S) Met-Satellite (E-S) EXPL SAT. (E-S) MET-SAT. (E-S) MET. AIDS (Radiosonde) METEOROLOGICAL AIDS (RADIOSONDE) (E-S) RADIO ASTRONOMY RESEARCH (S-S) RADIOLOCATION Amateur LAND LAND LAND LAND Meteorological Satellite (S-E) LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND (TV CHANNELS 14-20) (TV CHANNELS 21-36) RADIO ASTRONOMY LAND TV BROADCAST BROADCAST BROADCAST LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND LAND Amateur RADIOLOCATION LAND LAND LAND LAND RADIOLOCATION (S-E) RADIOLOCATION Amateur RADIOLOCATION ** -SAT (E-S) ** LAND RADIO ASTRONOMY EXPL SAT SPA CE RESEARCH ( Passive) LAND Fixed (TLM) LAND (TLM) (TLM) -SAT (S-E) (TLM) LAND (TLM) ** ( TELEMETERING) SAT. Mobile ** (Space to Earth) SAT. SAT. Mobile (Space to Earth) (Space to Earth) (Aero. TLM) (space to Earth) (S-E) (S-E) (R) (space to Earth) Mobile Satellite (S- E) (R) (space to Earth) (Space to Earth) (R) (space to Earth) RADIONAV. (Space to Earth) AERO. RADIO DET. SAT. (E-S) SAT(E-S) AERO. RADIONAV. RADIO DET. SAT. (E-S) SAT. (E-S) RADIO ASTRONOMY AERO. RADIONAV. RADIO DET. SAT. (E-S) SAT. (E-S) Mobile Sat. (S-E) (E-S) RADIO ASTRONOMY SAT. (E-S) RADIO ASTRONOMY RESEARCH METEOROLOGICAL RADIO ASTRONOMY AIDS (RADIOSONDE) ** METEOROLOGICAL METEOROLOGICAL (s-e) AIDS (Radiosonde) Fixed MET. SAT. (s-e) (E-S) RES. EXPL. OP. (E-S)(s-s) SAT. (E-S)(s-s) (E-S)(s-s) MOB. FX. (S-E) EXPLORATION SAT. (s-e)(s-s) OPERATION (s-e)(s-s) RESEARCH (s-e)(s-s) (LOS) (LOS) RES..(S-E) ** Amateur Amateur RADIOLOCATION ** Mobile Fixed MOB R- LOC. B-SAT STD. FREQ. & TIME SIGNAL SAT. (400.1 MHz) MET. AIDS. RES. Space Opn. MET. SAT. (Radiosonde) SAT. (S-E) (S-E) (S-E) (S-E) MET. AIDS Earth Expl. (Radiosonde) (S-E) (E-S) SAT. (E-S) (E-S) Satellite (E-S) OPN. MET-SAT. EXPL Met-Satellite Earth Expl Sat (E-S) Mobile Fixed BCST- Mobile Fixed MOB R- LOC. B-SAT RADIOLOCATION Fixed AMATEUR AMATEUR Amateur RADIODETERMINATION SAT. (S-E) (S-E) BCST - SAT. ** FX-SAT (S - E) E-Expl Sat Radio Ast Space res. MOB** B- SAT. FX FX-SAT RADIO ASTRON. RESEARCH EXPL SAT METEOROLOGICAL AIDS METEOROLOGICAL AIDS OPERATION MHz ISM ± 13 MHz ISM ± 50 MHz GHz EXPLORATION METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL Amateur LOCATION LOCATION ** SAT. (S-E) (S-E) (S-E) ** RADIO ASTRONOMY Space Research AERO. RADIONAV. SAT (S-E) RADIOLOCATION (Ground) LOCATION AERO. SAT. NAV.(Ground) LOCATION (S-E) RADIONAV. LOCATION METEOROLOGICAL AIDS RADIOLOCATION Amateur LOCATION Amateur- sat (s-e) Amateur Amateur SAT(E-S) (E-S) (E-S) (E-S) (S-E)(E-S) (E-S) SAT (E-S) RESEARCH (E-S) (S-E) (S-E) Fixed (S-E) Mobile Satellite (S-E) Mobile Satellite (S-E) Mobile Satellite (S-E) MET. (S-E) (S-E) (S-E) (E-S) (E-S) Fixed EXPL. (E-S) Mobile (S-E) Satellite (E-S) EXPL. MET. Mobile SAT. (S-E) Satellite (E-S) (E-S) (E-S) (no airborne) EXPL. Mobile Satellite (S-E) (E-S) (E-S)(no airborne) RESEARCH (S-E) (deep space only) RESEARCH (S-E) RADIOLOCATION Meteorological Aids RADIOLOCATION RADIO EXPL. ASTRONOMY RESEARCH (S-E) (S-E) Mobile ** (E-S) LOCATION Amateur Amateur Amateur Satellite RADIOLOCATION RESEARCH EXPL. RADIO SAT. ASTRONOMY RESEARCH (S-E) (Deep Space) (E-S) RADIONAV. Space Research (E-S) Standard Freq. and LOCATION Time Signal Satellite (E-S) LOCATION SAT.(E-S) Space Research Land Mobile Satellite (E-S) SAT. (E-S) RADIO NAVIGATION Space Research Land Mobile Satellite (E-S) (E-S) Mobile** Land Mobile Satellite (E-S) SAT. (E-S) Fixed Mobile Fixed Mobile FX SAT.(E-S) L M Sat(E-S) Mobile Space Research Fixed Space Research Space Research Mobile RADIO ASTRONOMY RESEARCH EXPL. SAT. AERO RADIONAV SAT (E-S) RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION Space Res.(act.) RADIOLOCATION Earth Expl Sat Space Res. RADIOLOC. Radioloc. BCST SAT. FX SAT (E-S) (E-S) (S-E) (S-E) RES. FX SAT (S-E) EXPL. SAT. (S-E) (S-E) (S-E) SAT. (S-E) FX SAT (S-E) (S-E) STD FREQ. & TIME FX SAT (S-E) SAT (S-E) RES. EXPL. SAT. ** RAD.AST ** EXPL. SAT. RES. INTER- RADIO ASTRONOMY RES. EXPL. SAT. AMATEUR AMATEUR Amateur LOCATION Earth Expl. Satellite (Active) INTER- RADIOLOCATION (E-S) Earth INTER- Expl. Satellite (Active) RADIOLOCATION INTER- (E-S) Earth Standard Exploration Frequency and (E-S) Satellite Time Signal (S-S) Satellite (E-S) Earth (E-S) std Exploration freq e-e-sat INTER-SAT. & Satellite time (S-S) e-e-sat (s-s) INTER-SAT. Earth Exploration Satellite (S-S) INTER- SAT (E-S) (E-S) (E-S) (E-S) (E-S) ACTIVITY CODE 3 GHz ISM 5.8 ±.075 GHz ISM ± GHz GHz GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE GOVERNMENT/ NON-GOVERNMENT SHARED NON-GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATION SERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION Primary Capital Letters Secondary Mobile 1st Capital with lower case letters (E-S) (E-S) Standard Frequency and Time Signal Satellite (S-E) 30 GHz EXPLORATION SAT. RESEARCH Stand. Frequency and Time Signal Satellite (S-E) RADIO ASTRONOMY RESEARCH (deep space) INTER- SAT RES. INTER- RADIOLOCATION RE. EXPL.. SAT. RESEARCH (space-to-earth) (S-E) RES. SAT. (S-E) - SAT. EXPL SAT (E-S) Earth Expl. Sat (s - e) Mobile Fixed SAT SAT. RES. (E-S) BCST BROAD- FX-SAT SAT. CASTING (S-E) BCST SAT. BROAD- CASTING ** (E-S) RADIO ASTRONOMY (E-S) (E-S) SAT (E-S). RADIONAV. RADIONAV.SAT. MOB. SAT(E-S) AMATEUR AMATEUR FX SAT(E-S) FX SAT(E-S) EXPLORATION FI XED (E-S) (E-S) RESEARCH RESEARCH EXPLORATION INTER- SAT EXPL-SAT INTER- SAT RES. -ES RES. -ES INTER- SAT EXPLORATION - SAT SAT. RESEARCH EXPLORATION SAT. RES. INTER RES. RES.. EXPLORATION SAT. INTER- LOCATION INTER- SAT LOC. INTER- ** ISM ±.250 GHz GHz IS DESIGNATED FOR UNLICENSED DEVICES INTER- ** RESEARCH EXPLORATION INTER- RADIO NAVIGATION (E-S) (E-S) (E-S) (S-E) (S-E) NAVIGATION AMATEUR AMATEUR RADIOLOC. Amateur RADIOLOC. Amateur Amateur Sat. RADIOLOC. AMATEUR AMATEUR SAT Amateur LOCATION Amateur Satellite BROAD- CASTING BROAD- CASTING EXPLORATION RESEARCH RADIO ASTRONOMY (E-S) LOCATION NAVIGATION RESEARCH (S-E) EXPL. EXPLORATION RESEARCH RADIO ASTRONOMY EXPL SAT. RESEARCH INTER- Amatuer EXPL SAT. NAVIGATION MO- INTER- E A R T H BILE SAT. RES. EXPL. SAT INTER- RESEARCH ISM ±.500 GHz INTER- LOCATION NAVIGATION NAVIGATION AMATEUR AMATEUR LOCATION Amateur Amateur Satellite (S-E) RES. EXPL. SAT. (S-E) (S-E) EXPLORATION RADIO RES. ASTRONOMY RESEARCH INTER- EXPLORATION SAT. INTER- INTER- EXPLORATION RESEARCH RADIO ASTRONOMY INTER- NAVIGATION NAVIGATION EXPLORATION SAT. RES. (E-S) EXPLORATION RESEARCH RADIO ASTRONOMY EXPL. SAT. RES. (S-E) (S-E) Amateur Amateur Satellite (S-E) LOCATION AMATEUR AMATEUR ISM ± 1GHz EXPLORATION RES. NAVIGATION NAVIGATION ASTRONOMY (E-S) 300 GHz * EXCEPT AERO (R) This chart is a graphic single-point-in-time portrayal of the Table of Frequency Allocations used by the FCC and NTIA. As such, it does not completely reflect all aspects, i.e., footnotes and recent changes made to the Table of Frequency Allocations. Therefore, for complete information, users should consult the Table to determine the current status of U.S. allocations. D MINISTRATIO N U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Office of Spectrum Management October 2003 ** EXCEPT AERO WAVELENGTH BAND DESIGNATIONS ACTIVITIES FREQUENCY 3 x 10 7 m 3 x 10 6 m 3 x 10 5 m 30,000 m 3,000 m 300 m 30 m 3 m 30 cm 3 cm 0.3 cm 0.03 cm 3 x 10 5 Å 3 x 10 4 Å 3 x 10 3 Å 3 x 10 2 Å 3 x 10Å 3Å 3 x 10-1 Å 3 x 10-2 Å 3 x 10-3 Å 3 x 10-4 Å 3 x 10-5 Å 3 x 10-6 Å 3 x 10-7 Å VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF INFRARED VISIBLE ULTRAVIOLET X-RAY GAMMA-RAY COSMIC-RAY Radar C P L S X Audible Range AM Broadcast FM Broadcast Bands Radar Sub-Millimeter Visible Ultraviolet Gamma-ray Cosmic-ray Sonics Ultra-sonics Infrared Infra-sonics Microwaves X-ray 0 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 khz 10 khz 100 khz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz 1 THz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz THE RADIO SPECTRUM 3 khz MAGNIFIED ABOVE 300 GHz PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPEC- TRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNT OF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.

18 01/11/15 09:53 FMLIST FMLIST 01/11/15 09:53 FMLIST Ricerca Italia --> Condizioni d'uso MHz Radio Postazione RDS-PS PI RAI Radio1 Friuli-Venezia Muggia/Chiampore RAI 5201 Giulia (RAI) (TS) _RADIO1_ Radio Birikina Muggia/Strada per BIRIKINA Radio_BK [artist] [title_] 536E Radio Deejay Trieste/Conconello (Via _DEEJAY_ RAI GR Parlamento Muggia/Chiampore (RAI) (TS) RAI-GRP_ Radio Fantasy Trieste/Conconello (Via FANTASY_ 53F Radio Deejay Muggia/Strada per _DEEJAY_ RMC - Radio Monte Carlo Muggia/Strada per _RMC_ Radio Vasco Trieste/Conconello (Via VASCO 50F6 _VASCO VASCO VASCO Radio Italia Trieste/Conconello (Via R_ITALIA 5220 SoloMusicaItaliana Radio SorRriso Muggia/Strada per SorRrisO [artist] 5372 [title_] Radio Radicale Trieste/Conconello (Via RADIO_*_ 5210 RADICALE RAI Radio1 Friuli-Venezia Trieste/Monte Belvedere RAI 5401 Giulia (RAI) (TS) _RADIO1_ Radio Capital Muggia/Strada per _CAPITAL Radio Zeta - L'Italiana Trieste/Conconello (Via _R-ZETA_ 5299 ITALIANA RAI Radio2 Muggia/Chiampore (RAI) (TS) RAI RADIO2_ Radio Padania Libera (off) Trieste/Conconello (Via RADIO 5276 PADANIA_ LIBERA Radio 24 Trieste/Conconello (Via RADIO_ Radio Nuova Trieste-inBlu Trieste/Via Civriani (TS) RADIO 5001 NUOVA TRIESTE_ RAI Radio2 Trieste/Monte Belvedere RAI 5202 (RAI) (TS) _RADIO2_ Radio Romantica Trieste/Conconello (Via ROMANTIC 561E ROMANTCA ROMNTICA Radio Kiss Kiss Muggia/Strada per KISSKISS Radio Birikina Trieste/Conconello (Via BIRIKINA 536E Radio_BK [artist] [title_] R101 Trieste/Conconello (Via _R_ R101 Muggia/Strada per _R_ m2o Trieste/Conconello (Via _M_DUE_O Radio Stereocittà Muggia/Strada per *STEREO* *CITTA'* 520B RAI Radio3 Trieste/Monte Belvedere RAI 5203 (RAI) (TS) _RADIO3_ Virgin Radio Muggia/Strada per _VIRGIN_ RAI Radio3 Muggia/Chiampore (RAI) (TS) RAI RADIO3_ Virgin Radio Trieste/Conconello (Via _VIRGIN_ Radio Attività Sport Muggia/Strada per RADIO_ ATTIVITA SPORT_ 51FF Radio Padania Libera Muggia/Strada per Radio Attività News Muggia/Strada per Radio Attività News Trieste/Conconello (Via Radio Attività Sport Trieste/Conconello (Via RADIO PADANIA_ LIBERA RADIO ATTIVITA _N_E_W_S _RADIO ATTIVITA _N_E_W_S RADIO_ ATTIVITA FF ATTIVITA SPORT_ RAI Radioquattro - Trieste Muggia/Chiampore RAI_MF4_ 5404 (RAI) (TS) Easy Network Muggia/Strada per E_A_S_Y_ NETWORK_ Easy Network Trieste/Conconello (Via E_A_S_Y_ 5361 NETWORK_ Radio 105 Trieste/Conconello (Via Radio 105 Muggia/Strada per RDS - Radio Dimensione Trieste/Conconello (Via *_RDS_*_ 5264 Suono Radio Maria Trieste/Conconello (Via R.MARIA_ 51CC Radio 24 Duino Aurisina/Frazione RADIO_ Prepotto (TS) Radio SorRriso Trieste/Conconello (Via SorRrisO [artist] 5372 [title_] Radio 24 Monrupino/Località Col- RADIO_ Rocca di Monrupino (TS) RMC - Radio Monte Carlo Trieste/Conconello (Via RMC Radio Punto Zero (Tre Trieste/Conconello (Via R.P.ZERO 5365 Venezie) Radio Punto Zero (Tre Venezie) Muggia/Strada per R.P.ZERO Radio Bellla e Monella Trieste/Conconello (Via BELLLA_E 5370 MONELLA_ RTL Trieste/Conconello-Via RTL della Bellavista, 29 (TS) RTL Muggia/Strada per RTL RTL Trieste/Conconello-Via RTL della Bellavista, 29 (TS) Radio Company Trieste/Conconello (Via COMPANY_ B Radio Company Muggia/Strada per COMPANY_ B RDS - Radio Dimensione Suono Muggia/Strada per *_RDS_*_ RAI Radioquattro - Trieste Trieste/Monte BelvedereRAI_MF4_ 5404 (RAI) (TS) Radio Nuova Trieste-inBlu Trieste/Via Besenghi (TS) RADIO NUOVA TRIESTE_ Radio Fragola (Popolare Network) Radio Fragola (Popolare Network) Radio Capital Radio Invidia Radio Radicale Radio Italia SoloMusicaItaliana Radio Ottanta Radio Ottanta RAI GR Parlamento Radio Maria Radio LatteMiele FVG (Radio Azzurra) Friuli-Venezia Giulia RTL Trieste/Conconello (Via Muggia/Strada per Trieste/Conconello (Via FRAGOLA_ POPOLARE NETWORK_ FRAGOLA_ POPOLARE NETWORK_ 524A 524A _CAPITAL 5219 Trieste/Conconello (Via INVIDIA_ 5354 ANNI_80_ Muggia/Strada per RADIO_*_ 5210 RADICALE Muggia/Strada per R_ITALIA 5220 Trieste/Conconello (Via OTTANTA_ 535A 545A Muggia/Strada per OTTANTA_ 535A 545A Trieste/Monte BelvedereRAI-GRP_ 5206 (RAI) (TS) Muggia/Strada per R.MARIA_ 51CC Muggia/Strada per 5355 Muggia/Strada per MHz Radio Postazione Prov Ricerca Reset This page took 0.33 seconds to load. TS LATMIELE RADIO_LM RADIOFVG ITALIANA RTL PS PI Page 1 of 2 Page 2 of 2

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24 Spettro di una trasmissione FM

25 Modulazione FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)

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27 BPSK = Binary Phase Shift Keying sfasamenti di 180 viene codificato un bit alla volta QPSK = Quadrature Phase Shift Keying sfasamenti di 90 vengono codificati gruppi di 2 bit

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30 segnale diretto riflessione Δt