Italian RoadMap for PV Technology F. Roca, ENEA, Portici (NA), Italy International Exhibition & Conference for the Photovoltaic Industry in themediterranean area 4th edition.- Rome Fair Centre, 8-10 September 2010
Solar Energy One of priorities in next decades will be to substain the development by means of energy sources compatible with the environmental concerns Solar energy is a realistic and promising option By covering only 0,1% of earth s land with solar collector eff.>20% it is possible to meet the current yearly mondial energy needs (amountingto1,2x10^14kwh) Solar energy has many advantages: free of charge, distributed, unlimited, ecologically benign The drawbacks of solar energy are: its low power density The drawbacks of solar energy are: its low power density (<1kW/m^2) intermittent and aleatory (night/day and clear-sky conditions) and unequally distributed (mostly by the equator- sunbelt
PV cost vs-utility power Source: Grid parity definitions and scenarios B2B Workshop Grid Parity two words, many different meanings Valencia- September 2, 2008 Winfried Hoffmann, Vice President EPIA
PV electricitycost vs-consumer price 2010 Source: PV priorities and the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) WG3: Science, Technology& Applications Wim Sinke.-PVTP GeneralAssembly Brussels, 19 May 2006
PV electricitycost vs-consumer price 2010 2015 Source: PV priorities and the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) WG3: Science, Technology& Applications Wim Sinke.-PVTP GeneralAssembly Brussels, 19 May 2006
PV electricitycost vs-consumer price 2010 2015 2020 Source: PV priorities and the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) WG3: Science, Technology& Applications Wim Sinke.-PVTP GeneralAssembly Brussels, 19 May 2006
PV electricitycost vs-consumer price > 2030 2010 2015 2020 Source: PV priorities and the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) WG3: Science, Technology& Applications Wim Sinke.-PVTP GeneralAssembly Brussels, 19 May 2006
Electricitycost vs- griddistance 1,4 Electricity cost($/kwh) 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 PV 10 $/W PV 5 $/W PV 2 $/W 0 0,3 3 5 10 20 50 100 300 Daily load (kwh/day) ENEA Source
PV Electricity& social development PV provides today 0.1% of total global electricity generation. On or before2030 PV can supply >10% of electrical power. Having in mind the share in population itcouldbe> 60-70% ofworld population
How?: European PV Road Map: The European Union s Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan Solar Europe Industry Initiative The European PV Technology Platform s Implementation Plan for Strategic Research Agenda 10
How?: Worldwide PV Road Map: IEA PV Road Map The Solar America Initiative (SAI) Japan s PV roadmap towards 2030 (PV2030) and the 2009 update PV2030+ China s solar energy development plans India s Solar Initiative Australia s Solar Flagship Initiative 11
PV R&D Roadmap : Common topics Increase R&D efforts to reduce costs Ensure PV readiness for rapid deployment, Supporting implementation for existing techology (short term) and Innovations (long term option) Expand international R&D collaboration Making best use of national/international competencies. 12
The Engine for PV R& D Activities Tecnology vs- market cycle
PV R&D Progress in Japan
NEDO PV2030 Roadmap
NEDO PV2030+ Roadmap
EERE, Solar America Initiative USA Departmenof Energy.-Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Ten PV technology roadmaps were developed in 2007 by NREL, Sandia National Laboratories, DOE, and experts from universities and private industry [SAI 2007]
EU PV Technology Platform
EU PV Technology Platform PV Platform collects, develops, maintains and communicates highquality, up-to-date information and insights It publishes reference documents such as the Strategic Agendas and Implementation Plans. It communicates intensively with European Institutions, EU Member State governments and other relevant stakeholders It establishes working contacts and cooperation with other Technology Platforms, international organizations, interest groups and networks. It recognises the paramount importance and potential impact of the 2009 EU Renewable Energies Directive and the Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) It works together with the European Photovoltaic Industry Association on the 2020 agenda
EU PV Technology Platform
EERA PV: A Joint Programme on Photovoltaic Solar Energy ENEA is a member of EERA Ten leading European Research Institutes have taken up the challenge to found an European Energy Research Alliance (EERA). The key objective of the EERA is to accelerate the development of new energy technologies by conceiving and implementing Joint Research Programmesin support of the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) plan by pooling and integrating activities and resources, combining national and Community sources of funding and maximising complementarities and synergies
EERA PV: EERA PV: Indicative PV RoadMap
Public PV R&D spending in selected countries: Italy PV R&D 5MEUR 2009 Source IEA-PVPS www.iea-pvps.org
PV R&D funding requirements Source IEA-PVPS www.iea-pvps.org
R&D funds: distribution by tech with short-, medium- and long-term impact Source IEA-PVPS www.iea-pvps.org
Evolution of investement cost in R&D : World Source IEA-PVPS www.iea-pvps.org 26
Evolution of investement cost in R&D : Source IEA-PVPS www.iea-pvps.org 27
Italy: Market and PV R&D?
PV Market in Italy: 2500 Cumulated power (MW) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 exp. Conto Energia II phase Conto Energia I phase Rooftop Programme off grid applications Source: STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF PV IN ITALY Proc. 25 th EPVSEC A.De Lillo, S.Castello, F.De Lia, S.Guastella, F.Paletta
PV business in Italy during the years Value (M ) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0-500 -1000-1500 -2000 2006 2007 2008 2009 installed plants export of PV products import of PV products net value of PV business Source: STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF PV IN ITALY Proc. 25 th EPVSEC A.De Lillo, S.Castello, F.De Lia, S.Guastella, F.Paletta
PV Cells and module manufactures Total Production Production capacity manufacture cells module cells module Solon 34 110 Helios T. 40 0.00 60 55 Solarday 40 60 Enipower 1 14 10 14 Xgroup 9 23 25 90 Sorgenia 7 10 renergies 10 30 Elettrosun n.a. 3 Azimut 2 5 DG energy 6 10 Ancora 2 Brandoni S. 8 20 Solsonica n.a. n.a. 30 60 Omniasolar 1 10 Eo Solare 3 6 Sunerg S. 2 5 AV Project 2 10 TOTAL 51 163 135 490 During 2009, the module production of such companies sums to about 163 MW with a capacity nearly 500 MWp. About 15,5 % of the modules installed in 2009 (722 MW) have been produced in Italy (112 MW). The other 51 MW have been exported while have been imported about 610 MW. Source: STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF PV IN ITALY Proc. 25 th EPVSEC A.De Lillo, S.Castello, F.De Lia, S.Guastella, F.Paletta
BOS manufactures Elettronica Santerno Power One Italy, Siac/Siel Italcoel, Aros Answer Drivers. During 2009, these companies have produced about 880 MW of inverter while their production capacity is around 1290 MW. About 48 % of the inverters installed in 2009 (722 MW) have been produced in Italy Source: STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF PV IN ITALY Proc. 25 th EPVSEC A.De Lillo, S.Castello, F.De Lia, S.Guastella, F.Paletta
Main Italian Organization involved on PV R&D: ISMAC
Questionnarie R&D on PV Innovative material in Italy Feedback from the following organizations Public Research Organization -ENEA -CNR-MATIS -CNR-IMM -CNR-INOA& LENS -CNR-IMIP -CNR-ISMAC -CNR-ISOF University - Uni Trento Nanoscience LAb - Uni MIBicocca - Uni Catania - Uni Lecce -Uni Genova - Uni Ferrara -Uni Napoli - Uni Parma - Uni Salerno Private Research organization and companies - ENI-DONEGANI - CESI -ENEL -SOLARLAB - Siena Solar Nanotechnologies
R&D in Italy on Existing Technologies Organization ENEA UNI-PR; UNI-VR Siena Solar Nanotech S.p.A Uni-FE Uni-MI-Bicocca Uni-CT Existing Technologies high efficiency and low cost crystalline silicon based solar cells; Low temperature and laser assisted processes; amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunctions, Development and optimization of micromorph solar cells including application of intermediate reflectors and optimized light trapping, Low cost transparent conductive oxides, Characterization of material and devices, low cost Interconnection and packaging solutions both for rigid and flexible modules Solar cells characterization; PV manufacturing companies consultancy CdTe/CdS; CuGaInSe2/CdS. Technology trasfer Productionof II-VI thin films for the photovoltaic by direct ablation by ultra-short high energy electron pulses High efficiency and low cost crystalline silicon based solar cells csi Solar cells, multicrystalline and solar grade Si Thin film Silicon and micromorph Solar cells Uni-RM1 CNR-IMIP-BA CNR-IMM-BO Amorphous/crystalline heterojunctions Solar Cells The author would like to stress that the information in this table was compiled with the aim to be as complete as possible, but he would like to apologise for the possible inaccuracies and welcome every amendment.
R&D in Italy on Inorganic Advanced Concepts Organization NanoscienceLab., University of Trento INOA-CNR & LENS-FI MATIS IMM-CNR-CT IMEM-CNR-PR IMIP-CNR-BA ENEA Inorganic Advanced Concepts Solarcells integrating Si nanocrystalsand plasmoniclayer, Sub-bandgaplight absorption, Photoluminescence down-shifting effect; Secondary emission in a cell, understanding of the photoresponseproperties and simulation of light absorption (prof. L.Pavesi) Disruptive technologies for photovoltaicsbased on highly absorbing disordered structures for PV, Light trapping in nanostructures, Artificial photosynthesis Synthesis of new hybrid materials, thin film nanophotonicstructures for solar cells (Dr. D. Wiersma) Light absorption in nanostructuredsi and Ge(Quantum Dots, Nanowires, thin films); Electrical transport in nanostructuredand amorphous Si; Plasmoniceffects on metallic nanostructuredor thin films (prof. F.Priolo) Quantum wells and quantum dots for solar photovoltaics, Improvement in manufacturing Solar CIGS solar(dr. M. Mazzer) Plasmonic Photovoltaics; Nanostructured silicon PV; Growth of Silicon nanowires through VLS gallium-catalyzed mechanism and Nanowires growth of III-V and II-VI semiconductors; Optical monitoring and material processing (Dr.G.Bruno) All Si-QD Solar Cells,, CuO2 and Cu2(Zn,Fe)SnS4 based solar cells IMM-CNR III-V and II-VI Nanowire-based photovoltaics by MOVPE; III-V nanowires on Si; (Prof. N. Lovergine) UNI-NA IMM-CNR -BO Uni-Camerino Solar lab Srl Uni-Ge Silicon-carbon alloy films (nc-si 1-X CX), silicon nanocrystallites embedded in in SiC dielectric matrix (Prof. A.Ambrosone, U.Coscia, Dr. C.Summonte) Si QD nucleation via solid phase separation in SiO2 and Silicon Oxynitride matrices (Prof. Roberto Murri) Metal nanowirearrays with plasmonicfunctionality (prof. Buatierde Mongeot) The author would like to stress that the information in this table was compiled with the aim to be as complete as possible, but he would like to apologise for the possible inaccuracies and welcome every amendment.
R&D in Italy on PV Concentration Organization PV Concentration ENEA High efficiency PV-C csi Solar cells, concentration optics, PV-C modules, trackers, Indoor-Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems.- Technical Norms CESI S.p.A. Multijunction solar cells based on III-V compounds (dr. R.Campesato) RSE SpA Multijunctionsolar cells based on III-V compounds Indoor-Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems.-Technical Norms (dr. G.Timò), Uni-FE Concentration optics, DichroicApplication (light splitting), Indoor-Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems ENEL SpA Indoor-Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems (Dr. F.Aleo) Pirelli Labs, Angelantoni, PV-Concentration Modules and Systems, Beghelli, C-Power, Optoi The author would like to stress that the information in this table was compiled with the aim to be as complete as possible, but he would like to apologise for the possible inaccuracies and welcome every amendment.
R&D in Italy on Organic and DSSC Solar Cells Organization CHOSE Univ. Rome Tor Vergata Univ Milano-Bicocca ENI SpA.-Donegani NLL-ITT-LE ISTM-CNR ISMAC-CNR-Mi ISOF-CNR-Bo Uni-FE ENEA Uni-SA Organic and DSSC Solar Cells Dye Sensitized Solar Cells & Modules and panels (prof. A. Di Carlo) DSC, polymer & small-molecule bulk heterojunction cells (prof. A.Abbotto) Organic Solar Cells (Dr.R.Po) Photo-electrochemical Water Splitting by DSSC (D.LMeda) Dye sensitised solar cells (DSSC); Hybrid solar cells based on Colloidal inorganic Nanocrystals; Organic/hybrid solar cells exploiting plasmonic effects (prof. G.Gigli) Theoretical and Experimental Modeling of Molecular and Nanostructured Systems Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Precursors and Functional Molecules (Dr. F. De Angelis) All-organic and hybrid active layer Solar Cells, device assembly and photovoltaic characterisation (Dr.S.Luzzati) Organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells (Dr. N.Camaione) Realization and Characterization of DSSC Organic & DSSC Solar Cells. Organic TCO, Carbon Nanotubes graphene Organic nanocomposite heteroemitters on c-si solar cells (prof. H.C. Neitzert) The author would like to stress that the information in this table was compiled with the aim to be as complete as possible, but he would like to apologise for the possible inaccuracies and welcome every amendment.
R&D in Italy on BOS & PV Systems Organization ENEA RSE SpA Poli-MI, UniRM2 BOS & PV systems module's quality evaluation, reliability and life time estimation, BOS, DC-DC converter, DMPPT, Tracking systems Build Integrated PV, Distributed energy generation & management, Indoor-Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems Technical Norms. Indoor-Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems.- Build Integrated PV, Distributed energy generation & management, Technical Norms BIPV, Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems Uni-NA Modelling and characterization of csi Solar cells UNi-TO, Uni-PA Uni-SA, BOS, DC-DC converter, DMPPT, CCR IES Ispra PV modules certification, Indoor-Outdoor Characterization of components and PV-C Systems Technical Norms. The author would like to stress that the information in this table was compiled with the aim to be as complete as possible, but he would like to apologise for the possible inaccuracies and welcome every amendment.
Sensorand Semiconductor Laboratory UniversityofFerrara Founder Prof. Giuliano Martinelli.- died 2010
III-V SJ/DJ csisj Two Faceted Shells stacked eachon the otherare designedtogenerate two spatially separated chromatic illuminated areas
ENEA PV Activities on materials and devices Crystalline and multi silicon solar cells Thin film material (µc-silicon) Amorphous silicon Heterojunction Trasparent conductive Oxide Organic TCO Antireflective and selective optical coating New approaches (QD, OPV) Concentrator silicon solar cells 42
ENEA PV Activities on PV Systems and PV-C PV-C PV-C lens and modules Trackers, drivers Indoor-Outdoor chracterization tools & experimental facilities PV- Systems: Build Integrated PV DC-DC converter DMPPT Tracking systems Hybrid systems Hydrogen production by FV Distributed energy generation & management 43
PV Technology-platforms & R&D projects in Italy Il Progetto APOLLON (7FP) Multi-APprOach for high efficiency integrated and intelligent concentrating PV modules (Systems) Contributo EC: 8.3 Meuro (costo totale 11.8 Meuro); Durata: 60 mesi dal 1.07.2008 Coordinatore: CESI RICERCA (RSE) Partecipanti: 16 partners con End-User and diverse SME Il Progetto FOTOENERGIA (FIRB-MUR) (Idee progettuali a supporto del PNR bando 2005) Contributo MUR: ~880 k (costo totale ~1.100 k ; Durata: 36 mesi dal 18.07.2007 Coordinatore: ENEA Portici Partecipanti: 6 partners (ENEA; CESI R. Uni-PR; Uni-FE, Uni-NA; Uni-BO)
Progetto Scoop Bando Efficienza Energetica Scoop Capofila Enel Produzione S.p.A Investimento 17.052.313 Contributo 7.301.940 Source: http://www.industria2015.ipi.it/?id=76 Breve descrizione del progetto: Italian Solar COncentration technologiesfor Photovoltaic system. Il progetto mira ad integrare quattro filiere produttive per lo sviluppo tecnologico, la realizzazione industriale e la commercializzazione di sistemi fotovoltaici a concentrazione per applicazioni in ambito di generazione elettrica distribuita, generazione elettrica di grande potenza, cogenerazione di energia elettrica e calore integrata nell edilizia e cogenerazione di energia elettrica e calore per piccole e medie attività commerciali. Inoltre, si propone la creazione di un centro italiano di qualificazione e certificazione di sistemi fotovoltaici a concentrazione. Partners: imprese Angelantoni SpA; Idea Srl, CESI, Savio SpA, STMicrolectronics Srl, SGS Future Srl, Calzavara SpA, Riello SpA, Saret Srl, Enel Produzione SpA, Alitec & C Partners: Centri di Ricerca Centro Ricerche Past-Ottica SpA, Concorzio catania Ricerche, RSE, Enea, CNR-INOA, Uni-FI
Progetto Scoop Bando Efficienza Energetica Costo agevolabile totale ~ 15.0 M Contributo complessivo concedibile ~ 7.3 M
Progetto PED4PV Bando Efficienza Energetica PED4PV Capofila CTG Investimento 13.984.524 Contributo 5.631.505 Breve descrizione del progetto: PED4PV (PULSED ELECTRON DEPOSITION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC). Il progetto intende sviluppare un nuovo processo per la produzione di celle fotovoltaiche a film sottile efficiente, a basso impatto ambientale. Il nuovo processo, chiamato PulsedElectron Deposition, è basato su una tecnologia relativamente nuova, molto efficiente ma ancora in parte inesplorata. Partners: imprese Rial Vacuum, CTG. Xgroup Solar Industries, marazzi Group, Salentec Partners: Centri di Ricerca CNR (Emilia R., Puglia, Trentino)
Progetto Flexsolar Bando Efficienza Energetica Flexsolar Capofila Organic Spintronics Investimento 12.132.996 Contributo 6.340.460 Breve descrizione del progetto: Celle fotovoltaiche flessibili a film sottile su substrati metallici a base di materiali semiconduttori a basso costo e a basso impatto ambientale Partners: imprese Advanced Technology Solution, Organic Spintronics, KME Italy, Siena Solar NanoTEchnology. NIWT Partners: Centri di Ricerca Tecnion, Israele, Istituto per lo studio dei materiali Nanostrutturati CNR-ISMN-BO; Istituto per la Microelettronica ed i microsistemi CNR-IMM-BO
Progetto Sistemi fotovoltaici Bando Efficienza Energetica Progetto Sistemi fotovoltaici Capofila Beghelli S.p.A Investimento 11.857.669 Contributo 4.887.103 Breve descrizione del progetto: Sistemi fotovoltaici ad alta concentrazione ed elevata efficienza. Il progetto propone la realizzazione di un sistema fotovoltaico ad alta concentrazione, integrato di elementi per la regolazione, il monitoraggio, la diagnostica e la comunicazione wireless dei singoli componenti, dotato di inseguitori solari, diagnostica evoluta e gestione dell energia per l immissione dell elettricità nella rete pubblica. Si prevede l utilizzo di celle multigiunzionedi tipo III-V ad effetto quantico, lo sviluppo di sistemi ottici e di algoritmi per l ottimizzazione energetica e la messa a punto di un protocollo di trasmissione per l interconnessione di tutti i componenti. Partners: imprese BECAR srl, Beghelli SpA, Smart Res SpA, Di.Co Service srl, Hybridec Int. Rsl, QuantaSol Ltd, Q- Tech srl Partners: Centri di Ricerca Univ. Mediterranea reggio Calabria Dip. Inf., Mat. Elett. E Trasp.(DIMET), Univ. Clabria Dip. Elett. Inf. e Sist (DEIS)
Progetto BIPV Bando Efficienza Energetica BIPV Capofila Panaria Group Industrie Ceramiche S.p.A Investimento 11.667.652 Contributo 5.119.059 Breve descrizione del progetto: Il progetto prevede lo sviluppo e messa a punto di piastrelle ceramiche nelle quali sono integrate celle fotovoltaiche di due differenti tipi, per edifici con involucri evoluti. Partners: imprese Panaria Group, Solar System&Equipment srl, Elettrorava SpA, Elettroncia Santerno, Evolvente srl, Pemco Euroinks srl, Sacmi Cooperativa Mecc. Imnola, Cefla Soc. Coop., Dallera srl Partners: Centri di Ricerca Centro Ceramico Bolgona, Ist. Coop. Per l Innov. ICIE, IRcCOS S.c.a.r.l., CNR-Istituto per le Tecn. Della Costruzione-ITC
PV R&D funding
R&D Road map in Italy : PNR - Programma Nazionale di Ricerca (National ResearchProgramme) In order to support basic research by favoring multidisciplinary Develop human capital for science, particularly in research projects of excellence Promote national/international collaboration Increase collaboration between public research network and companies Increase the technological potential of the production network by also promoting spin-offs and Start-up of new high technology companies
Main Italian Public R&D funding schemes: Most of the government funding for R&D is under the responsibility of MIUR Ministry of University and Research and MSE Ministry of Economical Development FIRB- Fondo Integrativo Ricerca di Base (Basic research Funds) PRIN - Progetti di ricerca industriali di interesse nazionale (Industrial research on topics of national relevance) FAR- Fondo Agevolativo Ricerca (Public instrument to fund firms' research activities) FISR- Fondo Integrativo Speciale per la Ricerca (Specific research projects on thematic areas, according to the indications of PNR ) PON Programma Operativo Nazionale Ricerca e Competività (Specific research projects with the aim of increasing nationalcompetitiveness) CERSE Fondi Ministero Sviluppo Economico assigned by way of CERSE (Comitato degli Esperti per la Ricerca sul sistema Elettrico)
Conclusion: Fragmentation of R&D Few groups are focussed on implementation of existing Technology (short term R&D) Excellent quality in research of several groups but mainly on materials and less on devices Better effectiveness will come from national road map (provision should be assured in PNR), as well Initiatives like Industria 2015 and international collaboration (mainly EERA)
Thanks for your attention Francesco Roca ENEA UTTP Portici Tel:081-7723270 Fax:081-7723344 E-mail: roca@portici.enea.it Enea Portici Technological Unit Europeanand and International Project Coordination Località Granatello, 80055 Portici, Naples Itally www.portici.enea.it