RECUPERO INGLESE 1CA a.f. 2016-2017 Spiegazioni ed esercizi Argomenti essenziali per il recupero: - Past Simple (forma affermativa, negativa, interrogativa, short answers), inclusi il verbo BE [verbo essere] e i verbi irregolari; - sostantivi non numerabili; - quantifiers [partitivi]: some, any, no, none [alcune/i, un po']; a lot of, much, many [molto] e how much/how many [quanto, nelle domande]; a few, few, a little, little [poco]. Questi sono gli argomenti essenziali al fine del recupero, ciò non rappresenta un motivo per dimenticare gli altri argomenti affrontati durante l'anno. Dizionario on-line consigliato: www.wordreference.com Per la correzione degli esercizi, altri esercizi o chiarimenti, scrivere a: alex.bettoni.ab@gmail.com 1
Past Simple Forma be Leggi le frasi: I was in New York last week. Mr Brown was not/wasn't at work yesterday. We/you/they were at home yesterday evening. Where were you yesterday evening? To be ha due forme al Past Simple: was per la prima persona singolare (I) e per la terza persona singolare (he/she/it) e were per le altre persone (you, we, you, they). Forma affermativa Forma negativa Forma interrogativa Short answers soggetto + was / were soggetto + was / were NOT was / were + soggetto Yes, I was. / Yes, he was. / Yes, we were. No, I wasn't. / No, he, wasn't. / No, we weren't. Il verbo essere può essere seguito da un aggettivo anche al Past Simple: It was cold yesterday. Verbi regolari e verbi irregolari I watched TV last night. I did not/didn't watch TV last night. The Second World War lasted for six years. Did the Second World War last for six years?/ How long did the Second World War last? We/you/they played football yesterday. When did we/you/they play football? They went to Japan 5 years ago. Did they go to Japan 5 years ago? / When did they go to Japan? I verbi regolari aggiungono la desinenza -ED per tutte le persone, mentre i verbi irregolari hanno una loro forma specifica per il Past Simple (la cosiddetta seconda colonna ). Forma affermativa (regolari) soggetto + verbo base con -ed (irregolari) soggetto + forma del Past Simple Forma negativa Forma interrogativa Short answers (regolari ed irreg.) soggetto + DID NOT/DIDN T + verbo base (regolari ed irreg.) DID + soggetto + verbo base (regolari ed irreg.) Yes, I did. No, I didn't. 2
ATTENZIONE Alcuni verbi regolari modificano l'ortografia: se il verbo finisce in y preceduta da consonante, la y si trasforma in i e poi si aggiunge -ed: cry -> cried, try -> tried se il verbo è monosillabico, finisce in consonante preceduto da vocale, la consonante finale raddoppia: stop -> stopped NOTA: nella frase ci sono sia il complemento di luogo (dove?) sia il complemento di tempo (quando?) o solo uno dei due. Uso per parlare di azioni ripetute nel passato o abitudini del passato: When he was young, he always walked to school. per parlare di singole azioni compiute nel passato, spesso accompagnate da espressioni di tempo come...years ago, last month, yesterday, at four o'clock, when (?): I went to Spain two years ago. con for per parlare di un'azione che è durata per un certo periodo di tempo nel passato e poi si è conclusa: I lived in Rome for two years, then I went to work in Japan. per raccontare una storia avvenuta nel passato (si utilizzano parole che segnalano una sequenza come after that, then, next, ecc). In breve, possiamo dire che si usa il Past Simple per un'azione o una situazione avvenuta nel passato e che è conclusa. Elenco dei principali verbi irregolari be begin break bring buy build choose come cost cut do draw drive eat feel find get give go have hear hold keep know leave lead was/were began broke brought bought built chose came cost cut did drew drove ate felt found got gave went had heard held kept knew left led let lie lose make mean meet pay put run say sell send set sit speak spend stand take teach tell think understand wear win write let lay lost made meant met paid put ran said sold sent set sat spoke spent stood took taught told thought understood wore won wrote 3
Esercizi Ex. 1 - Inserisci WAS o WERE. Poi riscrivi le frasi alla forma negativa. 1. I... in Canberra last spring.... 2. We... at school last Saturday.... 3. Tina... at home yesterday.... 4. He... happy.... 5. Robert and Stan... Garry's friends.... 6. You... very busy on Friday.... 7. They... in front of the supermarket.... 8. I... in the museum this morning.... 9. She... in South Africa last month.... 10. Jessica and Kimberly... late for school.... Ex. 2 - Scegli l'opzione corretta. 1. a.it were my birthday yesterday. b. It was my birthday yesterday. c. It was being my birthday yesterday 2. a. We were at the cinema last night. b. We re be at the cinema last night. c. We was at the cinema last night. 3. a. Were Picasso a famous artist? b. Was Picasso a famous artist? c. Picasso was a famous artist? 4. a. Was it sunny at the beach? b. Were it sunny at the beach? c. It were sunny at the beach? 5. a. They wasn t at the swimming pool at the weekend. b. They were nt at the swimming pool at the weekend. c. They weren t at the swimming pool at the weekend. Ex. 3 - Scrivi delle frasi al Simple Past. 1. Janet / miss / the bus 2. she / tidy / her room 3. Nancy / watch / not / television 4. she / read / a book Ex. 4 - Trasforma le frasi al Simple Past. 1. We move to a new house. 2. They bring a sandwich. 3. He doesn't do the homework. 4. They sell cars. 5. Does he visit his friends? Ex. 5 - Inserisci i verbi tra parentesi al Past Simple. Attenzione agli irregolari. 1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday. 2. It (be) fantastic. 4
3. I (visit) lots of interesting places. I (be) with two friends of mine. 4. In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London. 5. In the evenings we (go) to pubs. 6. The weather (be) strangely fine. 7. It (not / rain) a lot. 8. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows. 9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday? Ex. 6 - Completa con i verbi tra parentesi usando la forma corretta del Simple Past. 1. When I (go) to London, I (take) a lot of photos. 2. Yesterday John (work) in the library. 3. I (not, finish) my homework yesterday. 4. My grandmother (be) born in 1939. 5. When my mother (be) young, she (go) to a lot of countries. 6. Stefany (hide) so well that I (not, be) able to find her. 7. you (find) your glasses? 8. In the wood I (see) some mushrooms that (be) as big as plate! 9. Our holiday (last) only four days. 10. Our team (win) the game by 4 goals to 2 yesterday night. 11. Beethoven (write) nine symphonies. 12. In my last year of school I (decide) to find a job for the summer. 13. Twenty firemen (fight) the fire and finally (bring) it under control. 14. Where you (buy) these shoes? I (buy) them in the shop next to the cinema. 15. I (try) to phone him but he (not, answer). 16. I (meet) Adam and her sister two days ago. Ex. 7 - Inserisci il Past Simple dei seguenti verbi nelle frasi corrette. build cost hold take go wear leave drive write think win speak understand 1. He... out his wallet and the bill. 2. When she... to the interview, she... her best outfit. 3. They... the motorway and... for an hour on quiet country roads. 4. I... I... this theory but now I'm not so sure. 6. He... fourteen novels, but not one of them... a prize. 7. They... their own house, so it... them much less. 8. The nurse... the patient's hand and... softly to him. 5
Sostantivi non numerabili I concetti astratti e idee: INFORMATION NEWS ADVICE LUCK FUN WORK LIFE PROGRESS HAPPINESS JOY FREEDOM HEALTH I sentimenti: LOVE HOPE ANGER HATE RESPECT Il tempo atmosferico e gli agenti atmosferici: WEATHER THUNDER LIGHTNING RAIN SNOW Bevande e alcuni tipi di cibo: FOOD MILK TEA COFFEE WATER RICE CHEESE SUGAR PASTA CREAM JUICE FLOUR BUTTER MEAT ICE-CREAM CHOCOLATE Materiali: PAPER WOOD COTTON PLASTIC GLASS OIL Gas: AIR SMOG SMOKE STEAM FOG Sostantivi collettivi: - (verbo al plurale) PEOPLE POLICE - (verbo al singolare) FAMILY GROUP TEAM CLASS STAFF - Insieme di oggetti: FURNITURE EQUIPMENT RUBBISH Le lingue straniere Altri sostantivi: MONEY BAGGAGE HOMEWORK HOUSEWORK TRAVEL KNOWLEDGE PERMISSION RESEARCH TRAFFIC ACCOMODATION Alcune caratteristiche dei sostantivi numerabili: A) Sostantivi non numerabili che richiedono il verbo al singolare: ADVICE FURNITURE HOUSEWORK HOMEWORK INFORMATION LUGGAGE MONEY MUSIC WEATHER B) Ci sono sostantivi non numerabili che richiedono il verbo al plurale: CLOTHES GLASSES SCISSORS TROUSERS PYJAMAS JEANS C) Alcuni sostantivi non numerabili hanno un corrispettivo numerabile: WORK -> A JOB LUGGAGE -> A SUITCASE / A BAG BREAD -> A LOAF / A ROLL D) Sostantivi non numerabili che hanno un significato diverso se usati come numerabili GLASS (vetro) A GLASS (un bicchiere) WORK (lavoro) A WORK (un opera) PAPER (carta) A PAPER (un giornale) HAIR (capelli) A HAIR (un pelo) IRON (ferro) AN IRON (un ferro da stiro) CHOCOLATE (cioccolato) A CHOCOLATE (un cioccolatino) E) Sostantivi non numerabili che al plurale, come numerabili, hanno un significato diverso: FRUIT (frutta) FRUITS (risultati) GLASS (vetro) GLASSES (bicchieri o occhiali) 6
Per specificare la quantità possiamo utilizzare alcune espressioni: - A PIECE OF (information / news / advice / bread ) - A CUP* OF (coffee / tea) // A BOTTLE* OF (water / wine) // A GLASS* OF (water / juice) // A CAN* OF (coke) - A SLICE OF (cake / bread / cheese) - A BAR* OF chocolate - A SHEET OF paper - A PAIR* OF (glasses / scissors / trousers / shorts / pyjamas) *anche con two, three,ecc e il plurale: two cups of coffee ATTENZIONE: quando si specifica la tipologia o la qualità o si tratta di un ordinazione al bar, certi nomi non numerabili possono essere utilizzati come numerabili: This is a typical Italian wine. = Questo è un tipico vino italiano. Two coffees, please. = Due caffè, grazie. (Intendo due tazzine di caffé) Esercizi Ex. 8 - Indica se i seguenti sostantivi sono numerabili (C = countable) o non numerabili (NC = non countable). 1. coffee.. 2. suitcase 3. beach.. 4. hair 5. housework 6. homework 7. tea. 8. beer 9. water. 10. wine. 11. bottle.. 12. glass. 13. cup 14. news.. 15. bread. 16. sugar. 17. flour. 18. egg.. 19. car. 20. petrol. 21. milk.. 22. chair.. 23. money.. 24. friend. 25. furniture.. 26. information. 27. furniture Ex. 9 - Scrivi il plurale dei seguenti nomi se esistente. 1. child ->.. 2. milk -> 3. information ->.. 4. baby ->.. 5. meat ->.. 6. advice ->. 7. glass ->.. 8. rice ->.. 9. mouse ->. 10. house ->.. 11. water ->.. 12. fruit ->. 13. coconut ->.. 14. bread -> 15. DVD ->. 16. ball -> 17. snack ->. 18. pen ->.. 19. chair -> 20. gasoline -> 21. table -> 22. cream -> 23. money -> 24. oil -> 25. insect -> 26. sofa -> 27. yogurt -> 28. school -> 29. bus -> 30. food -> 31. chocolate -> 32. ship -> 7
Ex. 10 - Ci sono nomi che in inglese hanno sia un significato come nome numerabile sia come nome non numerabile. Leggi le seguenti frasi, poi scrivi per ogni frase il significato del nome in grassetto. Countable use Uncountable use We bought a new iron and an ironing board. =. People believed that ships made of iron would sink. =.. I broke a glass yesterday. =.. The table was made of hardened glass. = Would you like a chocolate? =.. Would you like some chocolate? =... Let s get a paper and see what s on at the cinema. =. The printer ran out of paper yesterday. =... Hamlet is one of Shakespeare s most famous works. =... I had work to do so I couldn t go out. =... Ex. 11 - Scrivi, per ogni frase, se il nome in grassetto è numerabile (countable - C) o non numerabile (uncountable - U). 1. The children are playing in the garden. 2. I don't like milk.. 3. I prefer tea. 4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution.. 5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes. 6. There are a lot of windows in our classroom. 7. We need some glue to fix this vase. 8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional... 9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning... 10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious... 11. Drivers must be careful; the road is slippery.. 12. Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any accidents. 13. I bought three bottles of mineral water for our picnic. 14. I'd like some juice, please!. 15. Successful candidates will join the camp later this year.. 16. A rise in oil prices is inevitable since there is more and more world demand for energy.... 17. The exercises on this website are interesting... 18. Dehydrated babies must drink a lot of water... 19. Adult illiterates learn through a special government program. 20. I met some nice people when I was walking along the beach. 8
Ex. 12 - Scegli l opzione corretta. 1. We had a / - terrible weather when we were in France. 2. I need to buy a / some new shoes to go with this dress. 3. Please can you give us some / an information? 4. The staff in this restaurant is / are all very rude. 5. Can you pass me that / those scissors, please? 6. I need some / a paper to write a letter to the bank. 7. Politics is / are my favourite subject. Ex. 13 - Per ogni frase scegli una delle parole o espressioni qui sotto più adatta per completarne il senso. a cup of (x2) piece two bottles of a slice of a pair of a bar of a glass of a sheet of 1. Sue always has coffee after lunch. 2. There are milk in the fridge. 3. Can I have cake and. tea, please? 4. I have a big. of news for you! 5. My mother always drinks.. water before breakfast. 6. Yesterday Mary bought. jeans in that new shop in the city centre. 7. My grandmother always gives me chocolate when I visit her. 8. Can you give me. of paper, please? 9
Quantifiers Some, any, no, none Rappresentano una quantità non conosciuta o non precisata (alcune/i, qualche, un po' di). SOME ANY NO NONE Nome numerabile non sing. plur. numerabile x x x x x Tipo di frase affermativa negativa interrogativa x* 1. nome al singolare 2. never x x x - - x x x* offerte, richieste x SOME si usa nelle frasi affermative, con i nomi numerabili: I have got some friends con i nomi non numerabili: She always drinks some orange juice for breakfast. Eccezioni - SOME può essere usato nelle domande, da cui ci si aspetta un sì: domande che esprimono offerte: Would you like some more tea? domande che esprimono richieste: Can you give me some sugar, please? / Can I have some milk, please? ANY si usa nelle frasi negative e frasi interrogative, con i nomi numerabili: I haven't got any friends. Have you got any friends? con i nomi non numerabili: She doesn't drink any orange juice for breakfast. Does she drink any orange juice for breakfast? Eccezioni - Si usa ANY nelle frasi affermative se intendiamo "qualsiasi", "non importa quale..." (se il nome è numerabile, va al singolare): You can come any time you want. You can choose any toy you want because it's your birthday! se c'è never / hardly / without : Charlie never gives me any help. Leggi quest'esempio sulla differenza tra ANY e SOME nelle domande: I would like to buy some fruit at a market. I see the man has wonderful apples so I can ask him: Can I have some of these apples? If I do not see apples or if I am not sure whether there are apples at all I use any in this question. Have you got any apples? NO si usa nelle frasi in cui il verbo è nella forma affermativa e si vuole negare il nome (numerabile e non numerabile): I have got no brothers. Non ho fratelli. She has got no money. Non ha soldi. Le frasi con any e le frasi con no hanno lo stesso significato e si traducono in italiano allo stesso modo: We haven't got any eggs = We've got no eggs. -> Non abbiamo uova. 10
NONE si usa nelle frasi in cui il verbo è nella forma affermativa, però non precede il nome, perché lo sostituisce: none è un pronome. Può sostituire: no + nome numerabile / non numerabile I have no friends. -> I have none. I have no money. -> I have none. There's no cake left. -> There's none left. any + nome numerabile / non numerabile I don't have any friends. -> I have none. I don't have any money. -> I have none. There isn't any cake left. -> There's none left. Se accompagna un nome, si costruisce la struttura none + of + nome: None of my friends went to university. PS. Anche some e any possono essere pronomi: I have friends. -> I have some. Esercizi Ex. 14 - Inserisci a, an, some o any. 1. There isn't electricity at the campsite. 2. There aren't sunglasses in the shop. 3. I've got apple in my bag. 4. There are sandwiches. 5. I ll buy bottle of water at the beach. 6. I haven't got radios in my room. 7. Is there internet café in your town? 8. There aren't computers in my classroom. 9. Have you got brothers and sisters? 10. My teacher's got new car. Ex. 15 - Inserisci some o any. 1. They didn't have potatoes. So I bought pasta. 2. My brother bought great CDs last week. 3. Would you like more salad? (BE POLITE!) 4. Aren't there tissues in the drawer? 5. You can't have more of this. I want to keep for my brother. 6. We haven't got sweets left. 7. What would you like to drink? I'd like orange juice, please. 8. There are nice shops downtown. 9. They haven't got fresh lettuce today. So I bought vegetable. 10. I'd like pears, please. I'm afraid we haven't got today. 12. There isn't book on the table. 13. I don't want coffee, thank you. 14. Has Jane got sisters? 15. Do you want cream on your strawberries? 16. My uncle never drinks alcohol. 17. Can I have sugar please? 18. There are children on the beach. 19. Are there children on the beach? 11
20. In my fridge, there are tomatoes and eggs. 21. I need chocolate to make a cake. Ex. 16 - Inserisci some o any. 1. We need bananas. 2. You can't buy posters in this shop. 3. We haven't got oranges at the moment. 4. Peter bought new books yesterday. 5. She always takes sugar with her coffee. 6. I have seen nice postcards in this souvenir shop. 7. There aren't folders in my bag. 8. I have magazines for you. 9. There are apples on the table. 10. Pam does not have pencils on her desk. 11. Can I have of these kiwis? 12. We saw dolphins in the sea. 13. They went to town without money. 14. Buy some apples if you see. 15. Would you like more tea? 16. Come and see me time you want. 17. He never does work. 18. You can take bus to the city centre. 19. Peter never gives his mother help. 20. There's hardly coffee left. Ex. 17 - Trasforma le frasi alla forma negativa. Ricordati di utilizzare any. 1. We ve got some books about cinema.... 2. Mary gave me some money yesterday.... 3. Susan needs some help with her homework.... 4. I bought some apples in the supermarket.... 5. She s got some sausages in the fridge.... 6. There s some milk in the cupboard.... 7. He wrote some letters to his friends.... 8. There are some apples left.... Ex. 18 - Riscrivi le frasi dell'esercizio precedente utilizzando no. 1. We ve got no books about cinema. 2.... 3.... 12
4.... 5.... 6.... 7.... 8.... Ex. 19 - Trasforma le frasi in forma negativa e in forma interrogativa. 1. There is some tea in the teapot. 2. There is some money in my wallet. 3. There are some nice beaches on that coast. 4. There are some chocolates in the box. Ex. 20 - Inserisci some o any. 1. I need a car and.... dollars. 2. He would like help. 3. There aren't policemen in the street. 4. Do you know. plumber? 5. He needs to make friends. 6. Do you have. idea why he is always alone? 7. Charley doesn't have friends. 8. My sister has got.. interesting books about history. 9. My mum doesn't read.. poetry. 10. I've got news for you. Ex. 21 - Inserisci some o any. 1. Have we got bread? [A real question, I have no idea.] 2. student will tell you that they don t have enough money [it doesn t matter which student]. 13
3. We ve got furniture, but we still need a table. 4. She buys new clothes at H&M. 5. You can buy beer in pub [it doesn t matter which pub]. 6. Can I have more juice? [I expect you will say yes.] 7. Did you buy juice? [I have no idea, this is a real question.] 8. I can speak French. 9. Would you like tea? [An offer I think you will say yes.] 10. In London in the winter there s hardly sunlight. 11. Go into shop on the high street and ask [it doesn t matter which shop]. 12. Would you like more meat? [An offer I think you will say yes.] 13. There s money in my handbag. 14. I don t have sunblock with me. 15. She never drinks water. 16. It s hard in a new city without friends. 17. I didn t find problems. 18. Could you give me paper? [A request I expect you will say yes.] Ex. 22 - Inserisci no o none. 1. Are there any chocolates? Sorry, there are... 2. Have we got any money for a pizza? No, we ve got.. money. 3. Is there any petrol in the scooter? No, there s petrol left. 4. Haven t we got any tomatoes? No, there are... 5. She wanted some sugar but there was. in the house. 6. Is there any tea left? No, at all. 7. There was end to our troubles. 8. They had.. food. 9. of them has come back yet. 10. How many tickets have you got?... 11. words can describe the scene. 12. We have. kids. Ex. 23 - Inserisci any, no o none. 1. There are films after 10 p.m. 2.. of you are listening. 3. Ruth has. difficulty in cycling to work. 4. Simon hasn t got.. problem with his friend. Ex. 24 - Inserisci some, any, no o none. 1... countries have blue and white flags. 2. Are there. zebras in Zambia? Yes, there are. 3. There is black on the French flag. 4. Have you got good results? 5. people like to wear red and blue shirts. 6. Don't you have.. yellow flowers? I love yellow. 7. Is there any blue on this flag? No, there is... 8. Can you take. shoes in my room for me please? 9. There are pink pillows in your room... No, I don't like pink. 10. Would you like coins to play with? 11. Can I have a dozen fresh eggs, please? No, sorry. We haven t got.. eggs. 14
12. I m throwing all these old pens in the bin. of them work! Ex. 25 - Correggi le frasi sbagliate. 1. John is very busy: he doesn t have any time for his family.... 2. We need any bread for dinner... 3. Do you have any pets, Sophie?. 4. Sue meets any friends at the weekend.... 5. Do you have any orange juice?. 6. Let s listen to some music!. a lot of, much, many Esprimono "una grande quantità" (molto, molti, molte). a lot of/ lots of much many numerabile sing. plur. Nome non numerabile x x x Tipo di frasi affermativa negativa interrogativa x x x x x x A LOT OF (/LOTS OF) si usa nelle frasi affermative, con i nomi numerabili e i nomi non numerabili. Nelle frasi negative e nelle frasi interrogative si usa MUCH con i nomi non numerabili e MANY con i nomi numerabili (plurali). Per chiedere "quanto" nelle domande, si utilizza HOW MUCH per i nomi non numerabili e HOW MANY per i numerabili: How many students are there? Quanti studenti ci sono? How much orange juice is there? Quanto succo d'arancia c'è? RICORDA: "Quanti anni hai?" si dice "How old are you?". NB: Anche VERY significa molto, ma è un avverbio: I'm tired. Sono stanco -> I'm very tired. Sono molto stanco. She writes well. Scrive bene -> She writes very well. Scrive molto bene. PS. A LOT e (VERY) MUCH possono essere usati come avverbi, le regole che si utilizzano per i nomi si ripetono in questo caso: a lot -> frasi affermative: I like horror films a lot. much -> frasi negative: My sister doesn't like horror films (very) much. frasi interrogative: Do you see Peter much? 15
Esercizi Ex. 26 - Indica per ogni nome l opzione corretta tra much e many. 1. much many mice 5. much many tea 2. much many information 6. much many flowers 3. much many cheese 7. much many money 4. much many websites 8. much many food Ex. 27 - Inserisci a lot of, much o many. 1. I don't have time. 2. There are reasons why we should do this. 3. I have respect for him. 4. We have problems. 5. I don't have to say. I know very little. 6. I didn't sleep very. 7. He's very popular. He doesn't have enemies. 8. The news created excitement. 9. There aren't days left before the meeting. I hope you are wellprepared. 10. I don't like him very. Ex. 28 - Inserisci a lot of, much o many. Ex. 29 - Inserisci a lot of, much o many. 1. My brother has DVDs. 2. Are you busy tonight? Yes, I have of homework to do. 3. Lucy hasn't got CDs, but she has books. 4. How people can you see? 5. We don't have white wine, because we prefer red wine. 6. Can you help me, please? I have of luggage. 7. I met people at Jim' party last night. 8. Is there news this week? 16
9. How cigarettes does your father smoke? 10. How exams do you have this year? 11. I saw Julie last week and she told me news. 12. My town is very small and does not have important buildings. 13. Tom drinks milk one liter a day. 11. Every day we get... magazines and news-papers. 12. We didn t take... photographs when we were on holiday. 13. Did you invite.. guests? Ex. 30 - Inserisci How much o How many. 1. cheese do you buy? 2. books are there in your bag? 3. films did Tom see last week? 4. money do you spend every week? 5. friends does Linda have? 6. sugar do we need? 7. tomatoes are there in the fridge? 8. meat are you going to buy? 9. milk did you drink yesterday? 10. apples do you see? Ex. 31 - Inserisci much, how much, many, how many. 1. I don t like ketchup on my chips. 2. She always buys sweets 3. There are tins of coke. 4. Are there teachers in that University? 5. does it cost? 6. Dad doesn t drink beer. 7. "Is there any pineapple juice?" "Yes, but not." 8. "Can you buy some apples, please." "?" "Six, please." Ex. 32 - Crea frasi con how much e how many, come negli esempi. 17
a few, few, a little, little Esprimono "una piccola quantità" (poco, poca, pochi, poche). numerabile sing. plur. Nome non numerabile Tipo di frase affermativa negativa interrogativa a few x x (x) (x) few x x (x) (x) A little x x (x) (x) little x x (x) (x) A FEW, FEW, A LITTLE, LITTLE si utilizzano soprattutto nelle frasi affermative. A FEW e FEW si utilizzano con i nomi numerabili. La differenza tra i due è che a few è inteso in senso positivo (poco ma abbastanza), mentre few è inteso in senso negativo (poco e non abbastanza): A few customers came into the shop yesterday. It was quite busy. Few customers came into the shop yesterday. It was quiet. A LITTLE e LITTLE si utilizzano con i nomi non numerabili. La differenza tra i due è che a little è inteso in senso positivo (poco ma abbastanza), mentre little è inteso in senso negativo (poco e non abbastanza): Yesterday Vicky made a little progress and so she's feeling quite pleased. Yesterday Vicky made little progress and so she is not feeling very pleased. Esercizi Ex. 33 - Indica per ogni nome l opzione corretta tra a few e a little. 1. a few a little apples 2. a few a little rice 3. a few a little bicycles 4. a few a little trees 5. a few a little boys 6. a few a little money 7. a few a little dogs 8. a few a little time 9. a few a little sugar 10. a few a little cups 11. a few a little friends 12. a few a little work Ex. 34 - Inserisci a few o a little. 1. Could I have... sugar for my tea, please? 2. If you want to make pancakes, you need eggs and... flour. 3. Have you got... minutes? I need to talk to you. 4. When I am on holiday, I always write... lines home. 5. I have... headache. 6. Jane has invited... boys to her party. 7. There is still... work to do. 8. They sang... songs. 9. Would you like... more rice? 18
Ex. 35 - Inserisci a few o a little. 1. There will be... rain this week. 2.... friends are coming over tonight. 3. I need... sleep. 4. Could you buy... bottles of water for me? 5. My parents give me... pocket money every week. 6. All we need is... luck. 7. I would like to eat... biscuits now. 8. There is still... bread left. 9. My friend knows...english poems. 10. There are... birthdays to celebrate this month. Ex. 36 - Inserisci few o little. 1. We had... snow last winter. 2.... people were interested in the exhibition. 3. I speak... French. 4. There are... gentlemen nowadays. 5. She has... relatives. 6. There is... water in the pond. 7. The professor spends... time in company. 8. We have... knowledge of this phenomenon. 9. There are... mushrooms in my mushroom soup. 10.... animals can survive in the desert. Ex. 37 - Inserisci a few, few, a little, little. 1. Let's go to the movies. I have... money. 2. I'm sorry, I can't pay for your lunch. I have... money. 3. Not many children like vegetables. For example,... children eat squash. 4. Joe is always angry. That's why he has... friends. 5. Bill didn't drink all the soda. There's... left. 6. The party was fun. There were ---- people I knew there. 7. Your house is almost empty! You have... furniture. 8. Marty : Do you need same help with your math homework? Harry : Yes, I could sure use.... 9. Henry : How many people were at the game last night? Kenny : Almost none.... people want to watch a team that always loses. 10. Doris : Are Dallas and Ft. Worth very far from each other? David: No, they're quite close. There's... distance between them. 11. There's... milk in the refrigerator. About half a quart, I think. 12. Doctor: Have you ever been in bad health or had a serious operation? Patient: No, I haven't. I've had... medical problems. 13. Steve : Have you received any applications for the job that you advertised in the paper last week? Larry : Yes, but only.... 14. Steve : I wonder why not many people applied for it? Larry :... want to work so hard for so... money, I guess. 15. May I please have... more coffee? 19
16. Greg is always busy; he has... free time. 17.... of the children were rude, but most were polite. 18. Donald doesn't care for school. He has... interest in it. 19. I need to talk to you. Do you have... minutes? 20. Let's get together when we have... free time. 21. Rodney feels that his life is very dull. He has... adventures. 22. There are no empty seats on this flight, but there are... available on the next one. 23. Almost all of the people at the meeting were in civilian clothes.... were wearing uniforms. 20