Coscienza. Da 80 anni fedeltà creativa alla Chiesa e all Italia. fatti idee dialoghi. Il Meic da Papa Benedetto 3-4/2012

Transcript

1 Bmtrl dl Mvmt ll d mpg ulturl ftt d dlgh A 64 Numr - Mgg-Agt - U p 8 ur - Pt Itl S.p.A. Spd bbmt ptl D.L. 353/3 (v. L. 7//4.46) rt., mm 3, Rm 4, DRB Rm- pubbltà t / D 8 fdltà rtv ll h ll Itl Il M d Pp Bdtt L ud l Mvmt L mrt d Mrt A ll qu B d Hgg All rgt Bdtt XVI Mu R rtt Ml

2 Smmr I prt: l prdt dl M rtt g l St Pdr u rlt d l r dll ud pr gl 8 dl Mvmt ( Srv Ftgrf - L Orvtr Rm ) ESAME DI OSIENZA Pg. L u pr pbl Rt Bldu IL MEI DAL PAPA Pg. M, ttm dll Vrtà Bdtt XVI Pg. 4 ltvm m d pr Prd l M Pg. 5 «r? L rpt è l pr» Itrvt rl rtt d G rdl Pg. 7 Mr tllg Mr rt Pg. 9 I ft pr tr 8 rl rtt Pg. U Mvmt dlg ADDIO A MARTINI Pg. 6 Il ur d u ptr Dl Mu BENE OMUNE Pg. Rfrmr l pt gut (II) Srf Ng Pg. 33 Aqu, drtt um Gupp R Pg. 39 Aggutm l rubtt Gupp R SIENZA E FEDE Pg. 47 d qull prtll rl rtt HIESA Pg. 49 Il mtd dl l Mrll Ml ALLA SORGENTE Pg. 54 U l El Brmur REENSIONI Pg. 56 trbut d T bh Rbrt pr INFORMAMEI - Prd dl Mvmt Ell d Impg ulturl. Prdt l: rl rtt. V prdt: Lug D Adr. Att: tld Zur. Sgrtr l: tt Muth. drttr rpbl: Rt Bldu gl d dr: rl rtt (drttr) Lr ll tld Zur Mr Sgr Lu Rld rdtr d rd: Sm Ept rd: Lug Bld Gupp Bu Sdr M. mp Rbrt pr A vr Dr D Aldr Itl d urt A Gr Frru Mr tt Muth Lur Tmt prgtt grf: Dg Tm Mhl Gtt dr, rd mmtr: V l - 93 ROMA tl fx bbmt: Itl: 3 ur Etr: 5 ur u p: 4 ur - dpp: 8 ur p. 367 Spd. bb.pt. 5% Fll d Rm Rgtr Trbul d Rm. 8 dl 3/4/949 tmp: Tpgrf ttà Nuv, v S. Rm Grfg, 3-48 Rm Ft d tmpr l xxx gt ll pt l xxx At ll U Stmp Prd Itl glr l: Ibll Abb, Grg Bl, Pl Bl, Rr p, Rbrt pr, Amr Dltl, Lug Fu Grrd, Slvtr Lrd, Gupp L, Lur rm Pld, Ptr Prglr, Lu Rmll, Umbrt Rg, Lu Rug, Augut Sbt, Adr Tbr, T Trr, Alm Vtt.

3 L u pr pbl Rt Bldu Em d L pr può prdr dll rl tà. L u pr pbl è qull h prt - r mt dl l pvl dl tt. Prm bg vdr, bg pr. S è u tmp u l M m mbr r pr l tr mutà ll pr l tr P, è r qut. Il tr mpg: ttmr l pr : l M è rtrvt, l mgg r, tr qut mdt. Il Mvmt è vut Rm pr trr l St Pdr, pr ffdrgl v l prpr vltà d tur l rv tllttul ll h l P, pr lbrr gl 8 d qut pr. U lbr rtr, trl, pput prhé rdt tr qut tr prl: mpg, ttm, pr. Impg è u prl h gg u tr. Nll r dll mmdt, dl flud, dl rvrbl, è dffl mmgr p h dur pù d u pd, h qul pù d rpd fmmt. Impg è t, è lt d vt. Ttm è l l mpl dr t md tllttul: è r prl, dpbltà d glr tutt l gu d u mpg. È d ttl. L Str dll Prl l frm. E p è l pr. È l tltr vr u l mpg l ttm td, l qul mpg ttm prd gutf. D pr prlm mlt m, m p ud, l rrrr frqut dll prl è l tm d u ddr h qulh md trd l, qu mpr l prl l truggt d u m, d u ptà, d u dpr. E, d ltr prt, è h dffl pr prhé ì: l tu dl P, l r m, plt, t, l, l qut mbtl, l rmltà rgt l vl, vr trrrm: rt l d u mpt, rt l pur. M l pr può prdr dll rltà. L u pr pbl è qull h prt rmt dll pvl dl tt. Qulu h rtt:, l ppr lg l h dtt h dll Mtr t mgtr! Vdr, gudr, gr : prm bg gudr. E v : prm bg vdr. Prm bg pr. Prhé l tmp h mb uv d vdr, pr p f gr. E, llr, l pr h l M mpg ttmr gg m r, m mpr h ftt l r d u ttt. U ttm h l Mvmt può rdr l d t, è p d utr tutt lggr l rltà, trprtrl, l dp lvrr pr mbrl. S è u tmp u l M m mbr r pr l tr mutà ll pr l tr P, è r qut. L rtt? È l trbut r h l Mvmt h dt tu dr. P prttutt l Prgtt mldl. P qu pl trd d trprdr ubt: rur l dr pubbl l dr prvt, prhé rt fr d lr; umr l brtà m bt vl, g tt: l mbt, l plt, um; lvrr d pù pr lvrr tutt, vr ì l mm d qut P; rtrur l d u uv ttd, fdt u u ldrtà rt, prtr dll rtà fl; f, ludr glr l pvrtà, rdurr l dt fr trpp h rmt dtr trpp ph h vv l br. Ald Mr, qurt f, vv pt tutt qud pgò h rbb tt u vr tg d drtt f mpgt u rvt tg d dvr. È fr flmt gut l mmt d fr tr qull l.

4 l m dl pp Il dr dl Pp l M: «Dffdt rg fd, llt pr l Vrtà» M, ttm dll Vrtà Bdtt XVI «Il Mvmt Ell d Impg ulturl, ll lu dll u tr, è hmt d u rvt rv l md dll ultur, gt d fd urgt mpl, pr l dffu dll umm rt: rg fd llt l mm vr l Vrtà». È qut h dtt pp Bdtt XVI l 9 mgg r rvd ud Vt l M dgl ttt dll u fd. I u Aul Pl VI p lr (ltr l M r prt l Fv l Ml, trmb pr ftggr 4 d vt), l St Pdr h dtt h «ultur, vltrt lvr ttu u trm dlubl dll mpg qutd dl lt ttl, h td rdr v l pprt rt ll h, tt ll mbt prvt qut ll fr pubbl dll tà», h «qut tr mbt lgt d u mu dmtr: l d d é». L mpg ulturl, prtlr, «lmt, ftt, ll trm d th trh, m mpl l d d é l prl l mp». Il Pp h lu l u dr u rmt ll mpg grtut mptt dgl tllttul ttl: «È l lg dl d, u lg p btrttt, h v vlrt ttmt: dr l prpr tmp, l prpr bltà mpt, l prpr tru, l prpr prfltà; u prl, dr tt ll l- pttr trmb qut md; v rgr pr qut grd ttm». tr, r frtll rll! S lt d glrv tm qut tr h vd m l Mvmt Ell d Impg ulturl, l Fdr Orgm rt d Srv Itrl Vltr l Mvmt rt Lvrtr. Slut fftt Frtll ll Eppt h v tg v dr, Drgt Rpbl, gl Att lt tutt mptt. Qut l vtr ftgg gl vrr d fd: ttt l Mvmt Ell d Impg ulturl, qurt l Fdr Orgm rt d Srv Itrl Vltr l Mvmt rt Lvrtr. E tutt tr qut rltà dbtr dll pt pr dl Srv d D Pl VI, h, qultà d Att Nl, h tut prm p dl Mvmt Lurt d A ttl l 93,, d Ptf, l rmt dll Fdr dgl Orgm rt d Vltrt l t dl Mvmt rt Lvrtr, l 97. Al m Vrt Prdr v l tr rrd rt pr l mpul dt tl mprtt ll. Gl vrr prp pr rpr l prpr rm grttud h gurd rt, ttt ll rg trh uv g d tmp. ultur, vltrt lvr ttu u trm dlubl dll mpg qutd dl lt ttl, h td rdr v l pprt rt ll h, tt ll mbt prvt qut ll fr pubbl dll tà. Il fdl l mtt prprmt g qud t u pù d qut mbt, l rv ulturl, ll ldl h è l bg l lvr, fr d prmuvr l dgtà um. Qut tr mbt lgt d u mu dmtr: l d d é. L mpg ulturl, prttutt qull lt d uvrtr, t ll frm dll futur gr, lmt, ftt, ll trm d th trh, m mpl l d d é l prl l mp. Il vltrt, rr ttubl dll tà, mprt tt l dr dll, m l dr t ut rt vr pù bg. Il lvr f è l trumt d prftt dvdul, m mmt u prmr l prpr ptà pdd, prt d rv, ll ttvtà prfl, d tp pr, grl, tf d ltr gr.

5 bdtt xv M pr v tutt qut h u t prtlr, qull rt: l vtr dv r mt dll rtà; ò gf mprr vdr gl h d rt dr ll ltr b pù dll r trmt, drgl l gurd, l gt d mr d u h bg. Qut dll mr h prv d D, l qul h mt pr prm, dll tm tr Lu (fr. Du rt t, 8). S Pl, l dr d gd dgl d Ef, rrd u vrtà pr d Gù: «S è pù bt l dr h l rvr» (At,35). r m, è l lg dl d, u lg p btrttt, h v vlrt ttmt: dr l prpr tmp, l prpr bltà mpt, l prpr tru, l prpr prfltà; u prl, dr tt ll ltr, pttr trmb qut md; v rgr pr qut grd ttm. ì fd l f l b dll ltr, m pr l fltà prfd, d l lg d rt, h h dt tutt t. L fmgl è l prm lug u f pr dll mr grtut; qud ò d, l fmgl tur, tr r. Qut v vut fmgl, l dr rrv pr l b dll ltr è u mmt dutv fdmtl pr mprr vvr d rt h l rpprt l ultur, l vltrt l lvr. Nll El rt vrtt h vlut tdr l mdll fmlr dll lg dll grtutà dl d u dm uvrl. L l gut è d ftt ufft. Prhé v vr gut è r qul «d pù» h l l grtutà l ldrtà p dr: «L ldrtà è tutt tr tutt rpbl d tutt, qud può r dlgt l ll Stt. Mtr r ptv rtr h prm bg prgur l gut h l grtutà trv dp m u mplmt, gg bg dr h l grtutà r rlr mm l gut» (. 38). L grtutà qut ul mrt, é può prrvrl pr lgg. E, tuttv, l m, l plt h bg dll grtutà, d pr p d d rpr (fr. bd. 39). L tr d gg vd du lmt: l ffrm d prt vtr dll tà d tur mmr ull v dl Vgl, ll fdltà ll dttr l dll h ll lltà vr Ptr; l m rggmt, l rggmt dl Pp, h v vt prgur t ll mpg fvr d frtll. D qut mpg f prt h l mpt d vdr l gut d ttmr vlr u u fd l dgtà dll pr, prmuvd l frm d ldrtà h fvr l b mu. Il Mvmt Ell d Impg ulturl, ll lu dll u tr, è hmt d u rvt rv l md dll ultur, gt d fd urgt mpl, pr l dffu dll umm rt: rg fd llt l mm vr l Vrtà. L Fdr Orgm rt d Srv Itrl Vltr tu fdr prttutt ll fr dll rtà h v d D prtd vt l u mpg tr g frm d pvrtà d lu, fvr dll ppl pù vtggt. Il Mvmt rt Lvrtr pp prtr lu pr rt l md dl lvr, pr gur h u mpr mggr gut l. Iltr gurd mpr l md gvl, h gg pù h m r v d mpg h pp ugr dltà rt. r m, ugur u d v d prgur g ll mpg prl tv, ttmd l Vgl dl d dll grtutà. Iv u d v l mtr tr dll Vrg Mr v mprt d ur l Bd Aptl, h td tutt fmlr. Gr pr l vtr mpg, pr l vtr pr. Lbrr Edtr Vt 3

6 l m dl pp 4 Il tt dll lttr h l Mvmt h gt l St Pdr dll Ud: «hmt u fdltà rtv» ltvm m d pr Prd l M Btm Pdr, qut, l qul lbrm gl 8 d vt dl Mvmt lurt d A ttl-m, vrmm ddrt prmrl v l g d r L, prlrl dl tr Mvmt, dl tr mpg dll tr pr. N ptdl fr l prl, ffdm tl mpt qut rgh. I u mmt d ì grv prup h ut l tr P l Eurp tr, vglm prr l tr tr tt l g dll pr. D pr ddrm prlr L d pr turm prlr l vg h qut ud ugur. m ffrmv l Bt Gv Pl Il ll rt El Eurp, mbr h l tr tt gl um t ttrvrd «u tg d mrrmt dll mmr dll rdtà rt», prpr m «dgl rd h bb dlpdt l ptrm lr gt dll tr». Al fd d qut ttggmt d t lggr rg u qutt ffumt dll pr h prt l pr d dttr d u vt ptt, lt umt dll bbd d b d um. At qut prupt l dvr d qull h ptrbb r ftt gg pr l Itl l Su Bt prdr mv, muqu, d lr umr lmt ptv p d grr ttggmt d pr d dr ltrttt dr d mr. Il M, Sttà, è mpgt d dtfr qut m d pr urr l vlupp. H l pvl d r hmt rpdr ll fd dl prt u mpg rtv h gurd ll vtà ptt, l tmp t, h mtg l fdltà ll trd umt rt dl tr P. Ertr u tl fdltà rtv è mpr fl, plmt u Mvmt m l tr, h rgl prft tllttul dll pù dvr tr d tà. I ml d, rbb rtmt pù mpl dttr ll qut lludt p dl pt. M, l fm, trmm d vr m ll tr t v h è qull d rlr l rtà tllttul u lvr tt fdl, ttt ll vtà h rg ll rt dll ultur pr lggrl ll lu dl Vgl. Qull dl M è u mpg d frm, dtt u tl d md d dlg h m è tt bbdt l r dgl 8 d vt, prtd mlt bu frutt ll h ll Itl. Vgl ttr d, Sttà, l ultm t dll tr rvt. P qut vlum rmr pr d L ttmr l rttr dl tr ptlt ll dupl fdltà ll h ll Itl. Ddrm h h pp h l M, rrd d qut tr, ffrrà u br d u prt l rd trr d m pr l mpltmt d u tud. L urm, Sttà, l tr tu rrd l Sgr L hdm d prgr pr l tr Mvmt d bdr l tr lvr.

7 «r? L rpt è l pr» Itrvt rl rtt d G rdl Il Mvmt ll d mpg ulturl (M) v gg rvut ud d Bdtt XVI pr «glr l prl dl Pp» «lbrr lu gl 8 dll tr tr dvdr m l prpt pr l tr mmt futur». L d d Avvr l prfr rl rtt, h prd l dl 9 qud è ubtrt ll ttul Mtr dll Slut Rt Bldu. «Al gr dll Fu dl 93 glr rrd rtt d d dr vt l Mvmt lurt d A ttl, h dp l l Vt II h mbt m dvtd M». L ud d tm rà prdut d u lbr urt prdut ll Bl d S Ptr Vt dl vv Mr rt, grtr grl dll fr ppl tl. Prfr, m v t prprt qut ud? I dvr md. N è tt u tv prtlr, m bbm dt u tgl pl ll tr ttvtà h m lt fr g. U t mprtt l rrd ll mbl dl, ll ttm d prtultà h bbm trr f prl ll rm d Lt d Mlmtl. U tgl h vrrà dttt h l vg l d prdt r l tr «Md Mglr» d R d Pp qut gr ll trdl ttm tlg d mldl d gt. Qull d gg è u dvvr mlt pr vt dll qul l rpt dl M è tt rlm d tum. l m dl pp Il prdt dl M d Avvr: «L prpt rt può fr ur d u tmp dffl» 5 Qul è l tm h tt pprfdd qut gr R d Pp? Il tr mpg: ttmr l pr. rdm vrmt r dr d fr pr rr d rdr u p d pr qut mmt prtlrmt dffl rt tt tutt put d vt. m f utr pr, plmt tr gv? Qut è l grd dmd. Qut è l prblm h pm tutt gr. S vm u rpt hr, pr, l prblm rbb gà

8 l m dl pp 6 m rlt... Il ftt è h prttutt l ultm gr vv u tu prtlrmt rt, rgurd l fmgl, l lvr, rpprt l h qull ffttv. può ffrr l h? Il rtm è dt mpr vt ffrd u prpttv ul md u vvr g gr l vt, tt tutt l dffltà, l mpg d mglrr l tu lddv pbl frl. rt, rtt pr, prhé l r è puttt grlt, è trutturl. Nl u mbt l M m r d ffrtr qut r? Prblmtdl, rd d pr fdmt l prttutt trplg d qut r fd dll prpt h l prpt rt h pr tur lr trd l tu rt. Pr u prpt h p r d ut u dvrtà rm d tu rth. «Avvr», bt 9 mgg Qu pr pg, lu mmg dll'ud dl St Pdr l M dl vg d prdt d R d Pp

9 Mr tllg Mr rt È vv d g d grttud h rtrvm vt ll Bl d Ptr lbrr l Eurt. Il gt uprm d ld D pr qut tmt d, lv l Pdr ll pr d rt tr u Sgr h uf l u rp ll d ffrr t ull ltr dll r d lvr ll u glr d Rrt. I lu qut d mput vvlr pr gugr l u vr ll u utt rl. I qut mmt l tr l vt dll vtr rltà tv - l lbr dll 8m vrr dll fd dl M dl 4m vrr d fd dll Fv - m rlt dt u gt d rplg, d rpr d rl. L tr lturg ll bl h pù d g ltr prm l ttltà dll h l mmt tr l St Pdr Bdtt XVI fr qut vt mlt d pù d u t d rtr mmmr, pr ffdr v ll vtr rpbltà l p lv g d u mm gà prr l mpg d u rpr vgr d pf v ll rt ll d qut tmp qut mpl, ll vltà dtrmt d rpdr d u hmt h rv ttd d tllgt gr l dpgr dll m rt l tr P. Tr l mltpl r h l rt llv vtr ur, hé ll vt dll vtr lmtm qut mmt rglr l du put h l lturg dll Prl uggr prtr dll Srttur, tt h l prl dl St Pdr uggllr l mgg d qut grt trrdr. Il br dgl Att dgl Aptl (8,3-8) mtt d u fgur h prt u trtt d tmprtà m prm h l rgltà l mprvdbltà dll hmt d D dll u ll tr dll fd. U ut tllttul, fl prltr dll d Gù, Apll, rrmp ull dll m pl Ef. L u ptà rtr è fft m l u d Gù dll u dttr è mplt. ò h vrf h l rttr dll mplrtà ll rult llumt h pr. Egl v rpt m u rp tr, é v lt rrr drmt ul u prt; v puttt lt l pprmt pr l d dll u prl m m dtt vr u pù dgut rrpd ll hmt ll m rt. N è tr d rvltà d gl, é d fgmt d fl dd vr u uff h ptrbb rvlr d d pr l mm dll fd dll h ll r mr dll u rt. ò h vv è mplmt l r d qulbrt tgr ll d u uv pr rut m tv rm dv. N è fr prpr qut l mtd, l tl, l ll h dvrbb prmr g uv pr h l Sprt ut ll mutà rt? I u rt l tr dll vtr ptrbb r rltt ll lu d qut dm tpmt prtul d ll, gud l qul l d h D ut ll h pr l h, prpr d v lt m h tgrt ll p mu ffhé prdu p frutt vt d qul è tt vlut. L rm rdt dll pr d d è mpvrmt m ptmt d d p rl d pr pr ò h D f rgr hm vt ll mr, l u t ultm dgut è l tr l d rt Gù. rtmt, drbb, l pg dl Vgl d Gv (6,3b-8) du vr u dm pù prfd, ull l d qut l vd ll d Att h mut. f l m dl pp L ml dl grtr grl ll M lbrt S Ptr prm d trr l Pp 7

10 8 l m dl pp mprdr, ftt, h l rd d g t mpg ll è l rl prl Gù. D qut rl vg gg prtlr ttlt du ptt tmmt : l prghr d rht l rpprt mdt drtt ll t tmp l Pdr. È g l m d Gù. m Fgl, Egl è lu h rl pmt ttl fdltà l m dv. M qut pù l u m gug rl tt pù ppr h l u rultt t l mttr lr h h lt rdut mu mu l Pdr, l mtr l rgt ultm dll rltà dl b, l fdmt d tutt ò h t l vltà d u tur g hmt g m. è u t trtr qut pg vgl: qut pù Gù tr l mtr dll u «r», tt pù l Pdr mrg m l prtgt dll u pr dll u m; m qut pù gl prt mpmt ò h l Pdr gl h ht, d tt gl t mtr mdtr dpbl. Il tr dt è l rl prl l Pdr, m qut, tt pù mgl tbl, qut pù è prt ttv Gù t. N è ltrtv tr Gù è l Pdr, m rlr rpr tà. Pù vvm l Pdr. pù m ut Gù; pù m Gù, pù trm l mtr d D: l mu l u llt qull l ltr, l trr l prt pù prftt mpmt. Gù è vut pr rvlr l Pdr dr l gr d trr d vvr ll mu p h ut trmt tr d lr, qull mu h ltr è l Sprt St. Il tr dt l tr p rl è l Trtà. I è l grt rgv dll tr dttà dll tr hmt. Ad dbbm rdurr g tr mpg, prhé lì, l fu vv dll mu trtr, è l rgt dll tr vt, dll tr v d g tr b rpbltà ll. Pr qut è l prghr d dmd ì, d dmd l rgt l lug mplr dll tr rl vl dll tr pf pr ll. Qut frmdbl tt ffrm h qud hdm pr m d Gù ttm ttm drttmt dl Pdr, dv rdr l mur tm l d rgv dl tr r ll h. ò h dbbm hdr mpr ttm è tr ll mu dll pr dv. Qud tm qut mu, è dmput l d l d tutt l tr mpg rt ll h ll tà. M pr p r lt qut Prl dv u fr prprt u lu mmurt l ll ltà dll rrr h lbrt, pr prdr l rl h qut gt lbrtv, rt dll tr l ur d Ptr, v hd v mpg d umr rvt tum mmutt gr dd.

11 I ft pr tr 8 rl rtt r m dl M, gr d r qu! Abbm tt ddrt d ptr ugurr l lbr dl tr 8m mpl u vt rlvt, dg dll tr dl Mvmt lurt dl M d qu, gg, ll vgl d u tr tt gftv d mprtt: qull l Pp. U md mglr rmm tt p d prrl. rt, rà u tr du; l tà vt dl Pp gl l mltpl dgl mpg. Srm m du ltr (l Fv l Ml) h mpgt, m, ttmr l Vgl ll rltà lr. Il Pp, muqu, prlrà frm tr dll u prl h r prtr dl tr mpg hmt rvr tumt gl ggtt ll tl. L Prd l gl l h vlut rdr gftv l tr l ur d Ptr vtd Rm tutt lr h h, h vut, pr rpbltà ll du dl Mvmt md h tutt l rtl rgtv rpprtt. M h vlut prt h tr Att u umr gftv d drt. Att drt h rd rtmt pbl l tr mpg ll rltà ll. H tut h h fr prt vv tr m d mpr Phlpp Ldubl, v prdt pr l Eurp d Px Rm, l qul v l tr lut ffttu l tr r. Gr v tutt pr vr rpt qut vt! Al St Pdr frm d dll ultm t d, ttm dl tr mpg rv dll h dl P. Gl frm h u ltr d: u br d tud d dtr d u mrt d u P v d vlupp pr utrl gugr l rd. N ptrm, purtrpp, rvlgr u dr d lut l St Pdr. L bbm muqu m pr rtt, frm d lttr, gll drm m l vlum d. Fdl ll tr trd, bbm vlut h l tr l Pp tr d rdu d u pur mpl mmt lbrtv m h, puttt, dv d rt dl Mvmt, d mb d pr, d d, d prgtt, m prttutt d m htt fttv. è mbrt h qut f u d r pr prmuvr u rd- l m dl pp Il lut dl prdt rpbl d grupp ll rut vg R d Pp gr dll Ud 9

12 l m dl pp dl vg d prdt, vr pù llrgt dll prdt m, ugurm, ltrttt vv fruttu. Il tm d fd, m lgg l ttl, è l pr. I mr dll r l t mttd dur prv! L mpt rà ml qull gà prmtt ptvmt p pù d u f. Il vg rà trdtt dll rl d Rt Bldu, h m h prdut ll prd dl Mvmt d è l ttul Mtr dll Slut. Vrrà l p d ltr dll u t v l rt d qut u dupl pr rà pr prtlrmt trgt prr m l mpg l M bb flut u u mpg -plt d ì lt lvll. Pr qut bbm ht Rt d prvlgr, ll u trdu, gl ptt h rgurd l u prl, trrdr pr. L du h gurà, è pprtu h mtg tr rg pr pr vtr l rh dll dpr. Rtm h l dumt prgrmmt pr l tr -4, frutt dll d mblr pprfdt trutturt dl gl l, p frr u pr ut pr u vlgmt rdt dll du. L rl trduttv frrà l hv d lttur. Duqu, l dumt prgrmmt pr l tr h è d p mt è qull h trvt rtll. È gà d pr é mlt hmt d utt, m è gut h u dumt d qut tp. Tuttv, pr flr r mgl l tut l bbm ultrrmt hmtt.

13 rtt Il prm put dl dumt d: «Il Mvmt ll u dvr rtl, lvll l ll, trrà l prpr rfl ull mpg dl rt l vt mp -plt ll lu dll gmt dl l Vt II dgl rtmt dl Prgtt mldl. L vrr dll lr rà pr prmuvr, lug d lbr l tlgh, l ttul u mpr pù p rl l vut ll. Dl Prgtt mldl rà tutt pprtu ruprr l prt l tl d tt prblm dl vut dl tr P ttrvr l lvr mu d grupp ll d l mdltà h h trgt l fl tur». I prt: dbbm prtr tt prblm dl P dll h. A è rht l rl dl l l vut ll, d è rht mpg l mp plt. Il d put d: «Appr urgt tmlr u frt tr l gr, l FUI l rltà gvl, utl frr l Mvmt l rg l l futur d u pr truttv tllttulmt vv ll h ll tà». Ovvr: frt tr l gr, l h bg tmlrl! Put tr: «Prtlr tt rà dtt ll qulbr tr lvll l lvll ll, prt d mu, vd prmur d dvdur tm d rttr grl ttr qul tutt grupp r hmt frtr ll utd dll utm d grupp t». Rrdml: qulbr tr lvll l ll. Qurt put: «Il Mvmt urrà u ttggmt d tt prtur, gl dlg ltr rltà ll tr dll h l qul mttr tr tv mu h rltà ll vd m bul l rr dl b mu». Dbbm mpgr l dlg l ltr rltà tv pr l b mu! Put umr qu: «Il Mvmt mpg d u rvmt dll prpr mu tr d tr, vlrd prttutt trumt tlmt qul t wb frum d du». Il rvmt dll mu tr è mprtt. h frqut l t h d rt è tt prt u frum d lbr mb d vdut. Il put, f, d: «Il Mvmt d l 8m vrr dll u fd mpg d ffrtr mr tf l tud dll prpr tr: - u rg glbl pprfdt d prpr rhv trl, d qul td vvr l rrd; - l lvgurd l prm dgl rhv d grupp ll; - l d dll rvt». L pm ttr ì: tud dll tr tr. È u mpg, qut ultm, rtt d mpgtv. Dm tutt u m, pr qut pm, rlrl.

14 l m dl pp Il vg prdt h frmt l rh d pr d pr d grupp ll dl M: lu trbut U Mvmt dlg N gr dll ud ppl, dl 7 l mgg, ltr dut rpbl l ll dl M h mt l tr Md Mglr lvr dl II vg d prdt, pputmt frtmt vlut dll Prd dl gl l dp l prm, gftv pr vut l fbbr. L pputmt è frmt r u pr mmt d rpr u prtlrmt mprtt pr u mggr pvl dll pr ll dl Mvmt pr l dvdu dll u prpttv. S tt mlt, tr prtpt, d trvr d lmtr l rfl l dbttt: d gut rprtm u t d quttr d qut trbut, utl pr dr l d dll rh mr R d Pp. ugr rpbltà pr Aurl R, prdt dl M d Vtrb Nll ultur ttl tmpr rr ruprr l pvl h trvm d frt d u tu vtv, pr rt ptt d frtr, ll qul l trd dv r rt md rtv ll t d mbmt h rttr l mrg dll fd lgt ll t dl vllgg glbl. S p, d mp, ll multulturltà l dlg trrlg. I qut qudr d rfrmt, l rt dll pr vt truttvmt l futur può trfrmr u ttggmt tlg pr l pt prdut. Iftt, ì f l pr dl gtv vrrbb rffrt ttrvr l p dll mtv h du l rmpt ut dll prdt t. Tl tu, qut trm, dvtrbb d dpr d pr. Il qudr mplv d qut mrg ulturl, prtt, g l mpr l tgr dl prp dll rpbltà l prp dll pr, phé frm ttlr ltt l prm rg l rh d ldr u ttggmt utltrt. S v, ttl md luv l d llr ptrbb dr ll trtt dl g dll utp. Qut dtt vul ttlr l mprt h ll ultur ttl d prr fdu gl trrgtv ul tr futur h vtblmt vlg, ò qut, purtrpp d mlt tmp l ultur ttl mdm è rfugt u ttggmt dfv l qul è tt ftt l pur dl uv l urg d ruprr qut pprtv d u pt dlt. S p ll prud l ptt h h rttrt l gl dl uv l utl d mdll flf dvr d qull ldt ll trr mtf rttl-tmt. I tl, dbbm dmtr h u ultur tr può vr l rttr d dftvtà h l vgl dv rtr l mpr dll Prl d

15 vg prdt D ttrvr g d tmp h mft ll tu pl dl dvr tr, l qul ludblmt pprtm. Dlgr l rltà ll l Pl Gll, dlgt rgl dl M dll Lmbrd rd h l ultm, l r dl qul h t rprr l r d dlgt rgl Lmbrd, m bb tt d mprdr m l M hmt fr du mprtt p. Il prm: urr u frt frm ulturl, tlg prtul grupp d u frt mb tr grupp t ( qut è l dll dm rgl dl Mvmt) h mgl t d dr qull ttm ll mbt l d ll d u h prlt Rt Bldu l u trvt qut vg; l d: l tà d dlgr l rltà l d ll ll dm d u prm. Il M è prò hmt, gg, d utr l tà ll rfl u mprtt tmth qul l vlupp tbl l l. L r fbbr l gl l h pprvt l Dumt prgrmmt dl tr d prtlr l put 4 prvd prpr l mpg l dlg tt l ltr mpt ll m, prttutt, l rltà l, h ttrvr l rg d tv mu ltr ll, md d rmtr qull mpg pr u mpr mggr prtp d u trbut ll rl dl b mu ll mbt l plt (ll h l h). Pr u mpr mggr vlgmt d grupp Mr Bttglr, glr dl M d Tr È dffl prdr l prl l dbttt d qut vg, prhé è dffl glr h tp d tgl dr l prpr trbut ll du, vt h qut du gr tt rh l pr l umr l qultà dgl trvt, m h pr dffrt rgtr mutv h tt utlt: dll rr dll ttvtà vlt gl grupp ll rfl u tmth tlgh, trplgh, -plth ll. Slg d rmr ul p prt mtdlg, ffrdv u rfl tr uggt. L rfl d h m, h è l M. Rt Bldu r rrdv dll mprt d r pvl dl tt, prm d dr u d. Pr utr b è rtmt mprtt r h tp d qu è mmr, m rtg ltrttt mprtt vr b hr h tp d uttr m pm r: qul tr lmt l tr rr. Gurdd m ut l M ll rltà ll vl, m mbr d ptr dr h l tr Mvmt è prgbl u qudr d pllut prtlrmt mpt prhé ftt d gtr h h dvr tlt ptltà pur vd l mdm tr mdm bttv. Sp qut tr tr dtgum, mhvlmt, gv dult (, m prfr lu, dvrmt gv...). Ah r è tt rrdt dll dffr h h rttrt l frm dll gr pù dult (rut u tt d d dlg frt, dv l durt h l pprt l grupp r rttrth vtt ll tbltà ll durt) d qull dll gr pù gv, tr l qul mbr rpggr l d u pprt brv, dt frmmtt. I m qut du ppt v dll pprt è lm u tr (m fr mlt d pù) h h rttrt mlt dll m gr: qull dll plur-pprt, vvr dll pprt mult, m durvl, pù rltà tv d dvr tur (vltrt, plt, ll, vl...) l qul, u pr l u vr, rphv u frmmt dll prltà mpt mpl d gv d llr. Il md dvr u m tt gv rd, qu l M, dult md dvr. M m u u può pù prlr d gv vh qut puttt d l rt, tutt dult ll fd h vv l prpr dulttà md dffrt. Qut rttrt plurl mpt dll tr qudr rd l rr h p prmttr d gr tt ttul, qull ll qull vl, mggr ptà d ltr bltà l mprdr, pr duqu gr l mpltà prpr d qut 3

16 4 l m dl pp tt tr u m mmr. ò prm p ll uggt, pù h uggrmt, h m prbb lr qut mbl: u d tur mtdlg, u d tur tutt u rltv ll tl d vt u mpgr, m mvmt, ttmr l pr. Il dbttt d qut gr h prm d r mlt dll ttvtà prtt vt d gl grupp dv dr h, h mlt d qut tv r lggbl ul t, u è l frm, u è glr l l mtd h è dtr d g ttvtà. Qud b vg mmt d grà m qut, h qulh md mplt mmt d mb h rdrmt rl ttrvr l t, l frum. M hd tuttv gut l r d fr u p vt dvdur trumt prmt trrdr h t d mbr bu pr mtdlg dl tr gr l qul bb l rttrt dll r rtv, vtv qud pdbl, rprdubl tbl. Avvm t fr u rlt d bu pr durt lvr prprtr dl Prgtt mldl, prlmt m r upt d rglr l mtdlg d d vr grupp M h d ltr rltà ll rltv ll mbt dll ttd. S ru rlr u rlt d bu pr tutt td (ull tmth vl, ll, tlgh...), d tutt l pr pù gftv h grupp rl, rd h l bf rpr ptrbb r d rm gft. U è rtr rprmt h md rhm d r fdl ll dttà dl M tr dvr tt (ttvtà prltr r fdmtl) ltr è rgr u qud plur h rttr d è ll b d u d qut tv. Oltr l mtd rr hrmt rgr u tut. I tm ggtt dl dbttt dr tt tt tutt d pr: b mu, l, pr, rtvtà, rt, ttu, lgltà, l, tgr l, dlg trtv trgrl, r dll plt... L bru gu dv fr l u prt, m mbr hr h l M td ttrr dl fr l u. Ntt qut dvbl dv d rpbltà mu, rd h pr trbur md ff ll rt dll mutà vl d ll rr vr l dll mur. L bru m è l M, d l, h può pgr l d. Orr qud pr qul è l prt h l M può dv fr pr pprtr l prpr trbut. Pr qut tr tv m mbr h l tmth, dt ll l prgrmmth pr dl gl, gà u qut rd vlg l p pdr: lbrtr-rvtr ttut lvll trl, ll rfl (l ll) ul l Vt II ull ltr tmth dt h l prgrmm d qut vg. Pr l prm tr, qu ll prt, rr v dtr d trumt d d mpl dmrt h p tr d rgr mgl, lvll ll, l trl, l tr mpg futur. Pr qut rg hd l gl d prprr, tmp dbt, u rglmt mblr h tmpl l l mdltà d l d prm glr l m h l mdltà d prtr vtr m d dr h p rtr lvr dl prm gl dll Prd. I rltà t prpd ull d uv: m d dr tv tt prtt vtt d mpr ll tr fmgl tv: l fvm qud rvm Fu, l f rmlmt l A ttl l fmm h gl l h mpgr l lt dll tmth prrtr dvdut l Dumt mldl ll Ambl u fu vtt l Prgtt mldl lu m fdmtl (rrd qull ul drtt ll lut d uv ttd). Qud hd l d rgr pr tmp l mdltà u tl lt vd ffttut md dmrt dv. If u dr ul md u, m M, dbbm pm ffrtr l fd h ttd. Il tt h rd è dlt prbblmt qull h r vdm è l l put d u brg d u r m l mur l t. L pvl dl tt l rtà u tdm ffrtrl può prò mpdr d vr u ur r d g, d prlr dll g, d prr l g. Ttmr mu lugh l pur dl prt dl futur rd rdbl h. Prltr, umr u

17 vg prdt tl g m mbr u prtlrmt dffl: qud h prtpt l Prgtt mldl m dvrtt u, m pur m dvrtt pr, lvll ll, u prgtt m l Opt (Orvtr ull plth dgl t trrtrl d Tr). m m, rd h ptrbbr r mlt, tutt, rtr m tr m qut qull d tr grupp pr u h ft d fltà. Pr r ttm rdbl d pr rr fr trprr g l tr mpg tv m tutt l m ldrtà h rttr l tr vt tv, lvll ll h l trl. L m rt è duqu qut: rprm, vlrm dffdm l tr mpg tv l m l g d lvrr m, md r rdbl, pr ll h, pr l md. Mgl d m h put prmr Pl VI ll Ert ptl Gudt Dm: «S lltr d u v rlt, l mutà rt dvt lugh d ttmm, dv tutt mpt mpg rlutmt drr l ptt ptv dll pr dgl vvmt. L rtà gd dll gut, m mp dll vrtà. Tutt pr, tutt rd, tutt pr, tutt pprt. L du u tl gurd è lmt mpt dll plg. E è h u frutt dll Sprt St. Qut Sprt, h bt p ll pr d Gù, l h r, durt l u vt trr, ì ttt ll g dll vt qutd, ì dlt ì pruv pr rmttr ptr ul mm d u uv gv d ur d prt! È qut mdm Sprt h h mt l Vrg Mr u d t. È qut mdm Sprt h d r gg tt rt l g d vvr g gr l lr v prtlr ll p ll pr, h rp l dlu l ffr. È l Sprt d Ptt h prt gg mltm dpl d rt ull v dll prghr, ll llgr d u ld fll, vr l rv uml g d drdt dgl mrgt dll tà. Phé l g può dr dll prtp. I D t tutt è g phé tutt è d». Il rul d Stf Bu, prdt dl M d Ml dll Uvrtà ttl rl Rm Gurd Nll l prgrmmth dl tr - 4 t pù vlt ull tà d rffrr l trbut d rfl dl M rv dll h dll tà d ptr m d mu. Tr qut ultm, u rul dv è rtmt vlt dll rvt, h è mpr vvrtt d tutt gl drt l M m u rv h l M t vlg pr é, pr l h pr l tà. tutt vd è u d lugh prvlgt d r d qull rtà tllttul ll qul tm hmt, ll mur u può prmttr d fr rlr bu d mgl r bu pr, p d grr ultrr rfl mprtmt gut. A qut p, vrbb bg d r ptt: - md h gl drt l M l t mggrmt m lr ; - md h tut pù vr pbl: t d ò h pprt l vt mp dll ultur dvrbb r prgudlmt lu; - md h bl l pù mp umr d lttr. Ah ul mdll dll rvt dll A ttl Dlgh, rt lu pr rggugr qut p ptrbbr r: - u llrgmt dl grupp d rd h ffh l drttr rpbl, md h v u rpprt d mpt d bltà dvr h t d prr l rvt trrtr uv mp, gtbl d u pr l muqu d u rh trpp rtrtt d pr; - u mggr bltà dll rvt, ltr l rh dgl drt dgl bbt, mgr ttrvr l pbltà ffrt d Itrt. 5

18 dd mrt 6 U rrd prl d rl Mr Mrt, u rtrtt tmtl dl rdl dl u mmr t gl ltr Dl Mu, tr dll Rpubbl Il ur d u ptr Dl Mu Rrdr l fgur dl rdl Mrt è pr m prtlrmt fl: mlt rrd prl h ffll l mt l ur, mtr fr rbb utl u pù pt rg rlttur dl u mgtr. M ffdrò tuttv rrd, ld l g dl pr d rl Mr Mrt d u ltr dvr d utr b pù mptt d m. L prm vlt h l vd fu l fbbr dl 98: m gv d A l tt d llr, d Gv Gud, r vv d Pv lug vr grl prpr d Mrt, gl dmm tr pr l u gr d. N pvm, u d pv, h rbb vut gut qul tg pr l h d Ml pr dvt. Ervm ur llgr: ur prhé r l prm vlt h prtpvm u vt dl gr llgr prhé Mrt pprv ltmt llumr l tr gv pr ll: u rvv p pù h qut h vv dp l lug gvr d u um, l rdl Gv lmb, d dubb mrt, m pr lgt pù l pt h ll vt h dv d r r d tt, d prm d pr. D Mrt pvm qu ull qull h vv dtt rtt qu gr, ì mmm lggr mdtr qugl prt vlumtt dt d Brl: Vt d Mè, L trr prtul d dd, Il Vgl d Gv, pl vlum fr gg dtt rtr ull fd, m llr tr ph u dtt l grd pubbl. E prì u md l «urtà d Mè» dv u rt d prdgm: «Mè è l um h l mrgr l dmd t». ò h ll mdt u Mè r l ttggmt dll um rlg d frt l mtr d D è h, d ubt, u ddr d pr h t ll b dll t vltà um, «u dt ddr d pr, h t ll rg d tutt ò h è um». Il f d qut prl r gà lì trur u ttggmt prtul dtrmr u urtà d u prtur ll dmd prtul d m qull dl vvr qutd vl, prhé lltv dl md, m vtv vdr rr trtt mu ll pr rlg. Ogg mbr fl: qugl r urmt m tutv d mmdt pr fu l prt d u vtà pr rt ptt vlgt. P ò l mgtr d: utl dr dll mltpltà d rfl lt; prttutt l lttr ptrl dr ll ttà. L prm lttr ptrl è fr l pù t rrdt: L dm tmpltv dll vt. Vl l p prtr dll prm pr l rgmt lt pr l tplg d rfl prpt: l tmpl put d prt pr u rvv h è tt pr tt d r

19 mu p prtul fr h p rt, trpp dl md! L dm tmpltv l tr dll vt l tr dll ptrl d u d m Ml. Qull fu l put d prt, gur tt ltr lttr, u pr g d mgtr: I prp l Prl, Attrrò tutt m, Prt d Emmu, Fr prm... f ll ultm: Sull tu Prl. Gà ttl u prr d u prgrmm. ò h rrd r l tt rptut g pr l 8 ttmbr, St Mr Nt, l ft ptrl dl Dum d Ml, h è pput ddt L, dll lttr ptrl: u pputmt pr u uv rfl, u uv trgurd prtul uv rt mpg pr l mm dll d, u pputmt tt rpttv, r mpr d vtà d l, tg dll ptrl d m dll prtultà dll mutà d u rt. rt, mlt pr h ptv h r ì pr l um d tud, fr è vr, m l tmp è mpbl dmtr l rr l mbltà u prtv l mm, pr l rgu u tlvlt prv h gl tv tr. Il tm dl fr prm fu pr tutt l d u prr mpgtv l vg d dl 986 fu u tpp rul, d d t ltrttt mpgtv, tr u l ul pr l frm ll mpg l plt rtut r u mmt d r dll plt d mp gtv pr l P. L d v d Mrt vluppt prltà dl lbr d mgr Attl Nr d mgr Gv Sldr, h d lì p rbb tt dtt ll d d Tr, m pr l t fl dl vg l rvv vll d l, h rd pr qul frgt u dll tt pù gtt dll lr vt. Dp l lvr dll mm u r dv r trml dlgt, l rdl vò pr pr h vvm pt. L t fu dtr, h prhé l mm vv pp ft vvm ppur ltt l t, m Mrt r mplvmt dvrtt mò d tr u qulh pprt vrtà h l hltr vv ppur l, pr u Ttr, Vrgtt, M l ttrtt dvttr prupr tttmp d rmplpr u p l pvr hltr, td t h u d vv u dvr rgmt h ptvm lvrr m. Il tmr dl gud r frtm, l tt pò b, m Mrt l gr dp dpò g tmr l u lrg lum rr d pr frt gtl qul r. L dp (987) fu l Sd u l, Mrt r u vlt vll d l h lggr d l l mmt ll d uv lu, d Tull tr h l mpgv qultà d tlg, prmtmm l rgr dll rfl, l u tllgt putul tt, l u dmd pr dgtr. Vlv mpr pr g prl, g rgmt, g pl ttltur; pr lu r u tum d vt pr h dlgv lu r d u tmp mu d u mtd d rr, d u tl btul d urtà tllttul l d r dvvr ltt, h qud r d rd r rpr dll rgmtr, llr, l u dmd fv lt qu tt. Er prò fl trvv pr frh, r, h dutv dv l ì pr dfr. Dp vr pprfdmt ul tm d l dt dll pt brd d bu ur, pp tupr vtò u rtrt vr, m l dfì lu, trvvm Rm, u rtrt rd dv r gà tt qul dv, tt l u t tmd rrvt, fu u ftr d rr gtl mpt. Itt u dr pr l vgl dll ft d St Ambrg, dr u frt t h vl, m fr dutr rr tt: l lm, l trrrm, l gurr l p, l plt, l ttà l vv vl. A qut mpg l ul pr l mpg l plt, gl tr d prtultà pr lr h r mpgt plt d h u frt tt pr gl mmtrtr d mu h trv p durt l vt ptrl ll prrh. U vlt v vt u dll prrh dl mu u r d, u r tt rltt d d phm gr. Ervm gl d mgg, l vt ptrl, h u 7

20 dd mrt 8 prm tmp dvv vlgr pù m qu gr, v rmdt ttmbr, gut l tmp trttm pr fr d lvr trdl h ttdv d tmp h r gà tt rglrmt ppltt. S trttv dll u v h dl tr dl p prt ll h h l prr vv lt pr u pr f ll prrh m g d ft d gl frt dll rvv. F qu ull d ml, h l gr tt dp h l v r tt trmt vt m ttpr pr lvr rrv u trrd: frmt l vt pr l dm uv. H l rrd dl m vh prr l brb lug t l m uff lutmt dprt ul d fr, prtmt prt ll dm. Stmt, ptd fr rhudr fltr l trd du gr, dd d mttr dll prll d ull vrg. Trl mmt dl ppl! Itt prtt dd u g d bu vltà, lud rpdmt l t plt pr l gut, hé l bt r l gut v mt dl gl mul. E l gr uv: prll, fll rvv, h, m d prgrmm, tr d gut dp l m, prr ffrt r h rh b! Pr rr d llvr gl m prt ptvmt l uv gut, h vtquttr r d vt, l rdl, h tr l r l rrdt drt: «rt h u tt vt ftt u bll qu!». rd d vr m ftt pggr fgur vt m, m l rrd dl rr tt trttut dll rvv llum r l uml d qul gr. L tt l md ll qut dll fd, m è gà vt, tt u tt f dll dll u prm Ml l ttdr d rdt l lt d u lug l pr l dbttt, l Aul Mg dll Uvrtà Sttl d Ml. N ì l du pt dl md rdt dvrmt rdt u vrt rgmt: è trttt d u md d trr tutt d dgr l rg dgl ltr, vtd d ftt rdt prr l u t tt. Vr dbttt ull rg dll fd, ul dl dlr, ul l d

21 mu D, ull prghr d h rd, ull ttà, ull gut, ugl rt lmt dll. E l rdl mpr ll tttud prfd dl vlr pr. U ltr d grd v lu è tt pr m l pr dl gl ptrl d d mpt dll gut: h qugl, f l trm dl u mdt ml, l umtà, l tt, l mbltà u pprtv dbttt vt, du u mdmt tt, mtrr m, m fd pr l rr h trttv vdtmt d mtr pr lu. N rrd m prl prtr d gt, prfrv h l dbttt d pr pr glr fr l h vv dtt r prfr ll lt, h prl l rpprtt d u dt d u, u rdt u prfr, fd lu dv h l gl dvv glr lu prtv tt pr vlutr tttmt dvrtv l gl vluppv u dbttt vv p trppt. Nl 998, vlgd l r d mmr dll Opdl Mggr d Ml, pr h qut t ttu ml h u prr, prhé l h dll Aut, l ptr dll pdl, è prrh, pr thm trd l prr dll pdl è l rdl rvv d Ml. M v pt vtrl, h dv d tmp, vtr l pdl, tr trrdr d ll tmprmt d tu ttmt gl tpd. Att ubt vltr: rrd mlt, l u prl, l pprmt d tutt prttutt l vt ll utà d md ulr, dv r u PET (Ptr m tmgrphy), llr u dll rrm mh d qul tp. Fu u vt ft, lughm, mu, dv l u ddr d pr d pr dt, m l ddr d u bmb h dp u dmd f u ltr u ltr r d uv u ltr. Rrd l prmr, l prf. Grud, ì udt tmdt, h prdgv mll rpt, l dmd h tuv l gurd dll rvv tupt fl m. Fr dvr rrdr ò h d ull tà ull tt l, ì m l bllm u dr ll prm fr l ull tà, m qull può lggr u rtt. L vt ll PET fu mpgbl, lò tutt dr ft, m fl dll u fltà dl u tr. Qulu può pr h tt u gut frdd, m. N è tt ì: l h vt dgt pr u gut, llgr pr u m, p d glr l drtmt d u pr d trvr l md t grbt pr fr mprdr h l u tg r, p d ttmr tm, frt l dfdr h r vttm d lu, h vt u um dlm f ll tr hr u rdt gt dll dm l dll Alhmr, h, rrl, fumt pv h l rdl d Ml r lì, vt prò h trtt d Shutr Mt. U gr, gà r tt l vvdmt ll gud dll d, u ft uffl dv r u dgl pt d r, m dv mltm r prttutt u m, d d lu d h tv pr ddtrr u b h dvv prprr qut uv f dll vt. L d t grv, r, fr h ld trprr u p d trpd, m pv h vv gà d d ffrtr l b, l u mbr, ddrttur l u urtà. Spv h trttv d u uv tg dll vt, fr rt u h l pttv, h l mltt gà d tmp vv ubdlmt mt tr l u pr lu r b pvl. N r ur dgtr m ltr vlt r dut, r p pvl h qut vlt dvv prr lu dmd,, fr, mplmt dvv prl gl um, pr qut ptr r gg dtt m, dvv mplmt mmr vr dtr qul b. r l fd, ld prfd, l fd d tutt u vt: l mtr dl b prò u p pvtv l um. Ogg ppm h rt l tv prdd pù dmt pr m lu gà r d ò h l pttv. S è ltrt l t vltr dtr. 9

22 b mu SEONDA PARTE L dmd d gut r d pr p ll fdu ll ttu h l mmtr. U rfl tutt td ul tm gudr tl Srf Ng, prfr t d Drtt prul pl mrl ll Uvrtà dl Pmt rtl Rfrmr l pt gut (II) Srf Ng S vglm pr dl p dll r qull dll gr, hdm qul dbb r ttr vtt dll rfrm trutturl h prmtt ll pprt gudr d vlgr l u fu md fft, lr d qu, trm u trr h dfr mt è ufmt, dv l p ulturl l mtr dlgh g u rul prmr. N è lutmt vr h t u rtt uvrl ttbl mpr d tutt: dpdtmt dl rt mmt plt-ttul trvglt (dv l tr plt è tt vt l lr b d è mt l vltà d trvr lu dv utd, d u lt, u mggr qull ltt l 8 bldt prtt prvlgr lu d md grtt; dll ltr u pp dpt rr trvr u md), trd, ultur, md d tdr rpprt Stt-ttd, mmt tr, p durr d dvdur trd mlt dffrt tr lr. I qut d, prd l m dl dg d lgg ttul Alf prtt dl Gvr Brlu IV (h l vd prlmtr d l Gvr Mt h, prbblmt, ut l u tmt l pr d u dbttt h uv r): pr ubt h ull p ptd ggugr ll ludm l dtt dl glr Sbt, m lmtrò d lu rv, d gut, rhrò ( ptd, vvmt, vr m m prmtr d rfrmt), d dr gl d pù gftv l lu h, m vv, l ttu d 3. L llr mggr frt dl rfut d dvdr l tt dl dg d lgg ttul vt dl Prdt dl gl dl Mtr dll Gut tv l pp d r rhmd m tdt lg d t l b Bt rdtt dll mm bmrl gudt dll. Mm D Alm: è b putulr h l u d r rggv dvvr d l rtrtrr ulturl d du prvvdmt ltrtv gftvmt dvr l lu prpttt. L b Bt prdv tt d u tu d r vv prpt rtd l l dll tr trd tr ulturl, l ddl Alf ffttu, v, u rvrmt d p t. L dffr tr l lu dttt mdm prblm prfdm: l b bmrl prvdv l p-

23 g r dll rrr, l ddl Alf ì; l b bmrl prvdv u u m dv du, l ddl Alf prvd du m; l b bmrl prvdv h mtà dgl lggbl fr rtggt, l ddl ì; l b bmrl prvdv h l m pt prmr prr lgltv, l ddl Alf ; l b bmrl tblv h prvvdmt dplr vr dttt d u rt d Gut u mpt r mmbr dl m dt dll t, l ddl Alf prvd h tl fu ffdt u rt mpt pr mtà d dt vvt ltt d prlmtr. L b bmrl lv vrt l dp ull bblgtrtà dll pl 4, l ddl Alf rmd tutt ll lgg rdr; l b bmrl prvdv h mgtrt dpr drttmt dll pl gudr, l ddl Alf ; l b bmrl prvdv l rpbltà vl drtt d mgtrt, l ddl Alf ì. m può gvlmt rtr l dffr d p t frm l dvr rtmt plt h du lu tpdh. Vd r l trr dll prpt rtmt rlbl, rd ttbl h l tr ttu l dttt dgl rtt. 4, 7 mm,, 5 bb mput u lt rrvrbl tm d mdll prul: l vlbltà dl drtt d df, l pru d lpvl, l dpd dl ptr utv urt pltmt l gud, m t (ttrvr l ppl d trdl rmut dl dttt ttul), l pubbl mtr, l trtà dl gud d l gut pr, l bblgtrtà dll pl p l pubbl mtr 6, f b tdr m qull utr l prlt dl ttut. Ebb, dr ll rrr d trur pr dv l mr frmlm ttu u ppd dl tm dll gr 7, rult mprdbl rdr tl p, prdd mm dr l d h l umt d ptr d uff dl gud d u mpr dl trddttr p rpprtr l v pr lrr tmp rlr u gurd pù qu. Dv rmr put frm: l tdl 8 prtà dll p dll prt d frt d u gud tr, dpdt d mprl; l rmt h ll ttvtà prbtr dll u dv rrpdr l drtt dll ltr trpprr ugl t tm d prv rgmt ugul trr; ptr d uff rut v dl tutt rdul l gud; rmt dl rul ttul dl dfr m pt m ggtt h è d trl, h frpp tl, h dturb l pr d rtmt dll vrtà; pt puttt, m lbr prft h vgl ull lgltà dll tr prdmtl, prt l u trbut ll dll rltà d ftt; mm rptt pr l pubbltà dl dbttmt: l bltà 9 dll vlupp dll vd prmtt l gl ttd d r t dl md ttrvr l qul v d t qul prvvdmt h è prut u m. S qut è l trr pglt d u r d rpll d tl h ppt l d ggtt dl pr dtrm l ggrv d t m d tmp tr l qul mgtrtur, vvtur, pl gudr mprmr dv prr, rà dpbl trvr ull frm d ggtt h rtr qut Ittu. P è h dbb r pt r d prt dll Fltà gurdh u gftv rfl u prr h ptt lr dgr. Vr è h l pbltà d dr pù prf gr l ttl d dttr mgtrl Gurprud ttu r u lr pftà, tuttv, dvrbb mr l rg d r mgrf 3 mrt prprr hv prflt h vlgrà l fu d mgtrt, vvt d uffl d pl-

24 b mu gudr. Nll mbt dl prr dm ptrbb pr l prm d mr rvlt tutt gl tudt h ffrt tlu grd vt h h gt l tmp ll p l mmtr dll gut: trr l dttgl, prtd dl drtt rm pr rrvr tmp tr pd pr Mdv, Rmt Rvlu fr, dftt urmt pr, rfrm, prgg, vt h p fr rprr l r dll gurd, glr l dm tr dl fm gurd, mr l drtt vvt 4. N tr gur, v, vrft ptmt l l tr h mtr tr pr qut mp lr h, pr tr, ttrtt d ltr pftà, l prpr rbb pù mrt dvrbb gur u trd fr dll qul vv ll qu dll ultur dl trddttr, l frt pt v ut qul mtd d lvr l t d frm d vlut dll prv rtr tr l dpl d ffrtr, Suvmt l uprmt dgl m rltv qu ttr l u è dpbl pr ptr mprdr mm prul 5 dvrbbr r rgt tg pr tud prfl, Prur dll Rpubbl, Trbul Tr. Slt l d prfrt, gl tudt ffrbbr l lr, b mprdrbbr d r prtt vr qul tp d lvr vvrbbr u pr grtft tt dl put d vt dll prpr qut d qull dl prr dm 6. B mprd m qut tudt mlt pù frmt drt prflmt qud l prd d prt, frqut u Sul d pl u Sul d frm fr d ffrt, f, l m pr l blt prfl pr l ll mgtrtur. S tutt ò è vld pr vvtur mgtrtur, mggr rg l mdm uggrmt può r vt prpt d lr h tdr vlgr l fu d uffl d pl gudr. I qut, t d u ld prpr gurd, r h p dll S um m l plg qull trttmt tfh qul l hm, l f, l blt, l md tr. È llur prr h l frqu d r pt lurm prmtt l qu d u bggl ulturl d tl prtt: ptr rpprtr u ttm pr l ggrmt m rt l d prmr d frm. L Uvrtà dv fr r d qut mpt d dmprv mputmt: h, ltrmt, l r? I prt l Adm mltr prvvd: prò, h è ttrtt d qul tp d vt è lu d qut gr d prr; h l Sul d pl vlg qut tp d frm; tuttv l Uvrtà d l u trbut tf, d rt tutt l llttvtà trrrbb bf dll vr u umr mggr d gv uffl d pl gudr u ld mpt ulturl d b, dtt d u mp pttr d mpt frmt ll Sul dl trddttr. Sul p dl drtt pl tl, m prmtt, d rhmr qut vv rvt 7 rd ll dffltà trt d u prm vgt dl uv d d prdur pl dl 989: «Attur l rfrm dl pr pl prvvdr prm l tmp qull drtt tl, è tt u grv rrr mtdlg dl lgltr dl 988. L rg è mlt mpl: l pr pl utr g u drtt tl gl tpd dl vgt, vl dr, r, trut u fttp lr, td, gvlmt rtbl. Sl l

25 g tr p rt può r dfttblmt mdt d u pr, d u tmp ful grtt: ful, prhé ptlmt grd d urr u rpt gurdl d g t d rt mftmt fdt; grtt, prhé dt d prv ut l trddtr dll prt». Prtdr u gut lr qud hd l gud d rtr l r tr l rt tv 8 rpttd l rgl dl mdll utr è u tr: l trd, b hr, è qull d bbdr l prp dl trddttr prhé d mp ll prt rtru dgl vt, è, v, qull, d trur l fttp md d rdr gvl l u rtmt. Sul p dll rdmt gudr, gl trvt lgltv dvrbbr vr d ggtt: ) r l prp d bblgtrtà dll r dll pl dll dpd dll mgtrtur d g flu tr, l rdmt dl prp dll dffuvtà dl ptr gudr tr tutt u mpt 9 ; ) l lu dll pr/dv dll rrr tr mgtrt; 3) l rg dgl uff gudr d rtr h r rpttv p ptr rgtv d lud qul frm d grrh 4) l rv dll dtrbu ul trrtr dgl uff. è u fl rug h lg qut put: l tutl dll dpd dll mprltà d mgtrt hé, t, dll ugugl tr ttd. Sul pruppt h lvll ttul l ptr gudr è dffu, rr bbdr g d h prt rr p dgl uff l ttlrtà luv d qut ttrbut dll lgg ll Autrtà gudr ptr d g d prm vrfbl bl dgl ffr: ò mttrbb rptgl, d u lt, l prp dl gud turl prttut pr lgg, dll ltr, qull dll dpd tr dl pubbl mtr; l dmr t vrrbb d r mt ll u fdmt prhé vrrbbr ltrt pld: l dpd tr d tr dll mgtrtur, l mprltà dl gud l ugugl d ttd d frt ll 3

26 4 b mu lgg qut l prvvdmt fl dll vd prul rbb prut d u gud dt,, ll dltt prul, l prt pubbl rbb lt dvdut d rtr utmt. È t h pr pr dll rrr td l frpp d tl (pù m dffl d uprr) pr l pgg dll mgtrtur qurt qull gudt vvr. Al mmt, l rfrm dll rdmt gudr dl 6, h tt pt r u vr prpr dv 3, è tt rt u tm h rd prtlrmt gvl l pgg dll u ll ltr rul. L rg ddtt d ttr dll pr prt dtt: d l pr t ull b dl prp dl trddttr h vul l prt u u p d tdl prtà dvt d u gud prttut, tr d mprl, l prmtà f, ulturl, mtdlg fr gud pubbl mtr ghrbb dpt dll df h, pr df, trvrbb muqu vtggt rptt ll p dl pubbl mtr l u t, pr tr, gdrbbr d u rt d pru d vrdtà pr l gud. Qut ttggmt dl gud vr l pubbl mtr drvrbb d mu tud, dl mu prr d, dll mu rrr, dll dv d mu prblm d tp prfl, ultm, dll tm qul h vr h, ffrtd mdm, dur tl, è rut uprrl. Dr dffrt vrrbb frt dl dfr: trttrbb d u prft h pr qut r prprt rbb lmtt uprr u m d blt, frpprrbb tl ll rtmt dll vrtà, rbb d prt l dltr dl trm l u t rbbr mpr mt l bf d vtr prpr prhé tut d pr h h d mr luvmt l tr dl lt. Null d mgl llr, pr uprr l mp h rtllr u l prpr rul: gud vt pubbl mtr vt l pbltà d qur vdvlmt. N m pr qut l lu ttml d u prblm h ptrbb tr; l u uprmt, prò dvrbb vvr gr ll mb d trd dvr. I rh ll pr/dv dll rrr p ì ttr: prm lug, prv l pubbl mtr dll ultur dll gurd h, pr tr, dv r prpr d g mgtrt; l gud g l dll th d frm dll prv; l pubbl mtr l u prltà vrrbb ltt dvtrbb dvvr u rg l d u h frbb pr vvr l gl vd prul m vt h l vlg prm pr mrd vr l pr fr pplr l lgg m ttulmt gl mpt. L rdut ul prp d ugugl ptrbbr r drmmth: frt d u Prur h gd dll dpbltà drtt dll pl gudr d trumt tfh h ftt, h dv ttr l d, vrmm l mggr dgl mputt d d grd frrtà (t d m 4 ) l u umr gu rbb d d rpdr ll vtgtv dll Prur. Qud, ph pr mlt b trut, lt dl trddttr m tm; ll mggr d, gr ttul mpr, grd rr rt ltrtv, df h p r qut ptlmt ttl. Iltr, tt h l g ft (prhé fbl...) d g Eutv è pur mpr qull d vr l pubbl mtr ll prpr dpd, rd d

27 g vvturrm trpp lt dl vr pvt h l pr pr dll rrr p r u tpp d vvmt l vr p fl: mttr l mrdh l pubbl mtr. A tutt gg, gud pm dffr l d luvmt pr l dvrtà dll fu 5 ; l mmt u gud l trd gt d prvvdmt pprvt dl Prlmt u prpt dl mtr tll prrr u ultrr trtt gug ll dv dll rrr, prrbb l pbltà d prvdr du r pr l ll mgtrtur, du m d ltr dvrf h frbbr rgr pt gutft l dmd: è dvvr l d urr r h l pm l ttu d dpd dl ptr utv? N rbb prfrbl r l dvrtà ttul tr gud pm ttur l prp d bblgtrtà dll pl qull d pprtutà r l dpd dl pm dl ptr utv? Dl rt, ptrbb ggugr, qut tu è prt rdmt urmt dmrt qul l Gr Brtg, l Fr, gl Stt Ut d Amr... A h è prp dr u rpt ptv ll du dmd (pr m vvmt rtrh), prpg u ultrr trrgtv: S l pubbl mtr f tt dpdt dl ptr utv vlut drl fr tt pbl, M pult ltr pr u rultt vlt dt tlu plt lltt bh, rbbr m vut d t? Itllgtbu pu... S, lvll ttul, è prvt l dffuvtà dl ptr gudr, l rt. dll ttu è dttt h tutl dll ugugl d ttd, l dpd d mgtrt è u vlr d prtggr prhé prd dll lr trtà dll lr mprltà 6, è d rmdtr l rg dll uff dl pubbl mtr m dgt dl d.lg. fbbr S trr l dttgl, può muqu ffrmr h l prvvdmt pprvt dl Prlmt h frt gftv ptr l p dll uff dll prur, rdtt l pbltà d trvt dl m ll prfgur d rtr b qul vg gt gl ffr pl dl prurtr p, h tttt drttmt ll dpd tr d gl ttut frt u vulu dr ll rt dffuvtà dl ptr gudr. rt up h l p dll uff rdu mr ttrttr d rd d pgmt trml d rht h r gl ptt burrt dll vt dll Prur dr ull u rg; m vv rbb l d rmdtr, prm lug, l pbltà h l p dll uff dmu trtt ll rg dl lvr dll Prur; d lug, h l frm d trll dll u ttvtà vg tlmt pt r qu luvmt ptrr (l mmt u, è, l md u h vlt l u fu è vlutt f dll prgr rrr); ultm l, m pr dpbl h rtr d u tm fr dl qul u lmtr dltt tr p, vr, ggut ttut prvt drttmt dll rm 7 h l m rut l pbltà d trvr prvvdmt d prtt grl l mmt dll prfgur dll l d dll Prur. If, u ptt rdul r l rv dll ll d gl uff. È qut u trr dv vg trr g rl (hmè) gl tr d bttg d u mrd d tgr: mgtrt, vvt, plt d mmtrtr ll, mmblrt, mmrt, l mmt u prfl l ppr d u d gudr trv rd l rpgr l prgtt mpd l pù vrt rg d dvdu qull v l d d llr. S è pù h mprbl rr d fr rpttr lgttm g, p, prò, h pr tutt (m prpr tutt) l pl d ut 5

28 b mu 6 mtv tl d tr l lr ppr: trtt d prdr bu, rpttd prm l g d ttd (v v qull dgl ltr ggtt vlt ll dtrm...) gugr ì ll g d mgtrt dl prl mmtrtv qull d h, d u lt grd fr r dll ggrv d lvr, dll ltr prt u rg p d fr frt h ll t d rt pr l u rtmt rht mpt tfh d lvll prtlrmt lvt 8 ; ltr, llt ttà h prt u rg urb lgt d d glr u flu d pr dr. Frtutmt m d trprt pù lmtt l dr d mrll brh rm; l (rltv) fltà d trfrmt è u dt qut; è gut l mmt d prdr tt d qut rltà d dr pù dtr prvt (tlvlt d md) h h rg d tr. Rdu, d ultm, l ttr dl drtt prul pl: qul gl trvt h ptrbbr r ttut? N è qut l d pr trr tm dtt d u pubbl gà pdr dll dpl; tuttv, lu ptt mrt d r vdt. U dt m pr ludbl: l prp d bblgtrtà dll pl può dv r tt. Vr è h l u ffttvtà l ddrr, vr è h gl trumt dttt d lu p d qut uff pr grtrl rt h trt u fvr dt 9, tuttv, d l gmt dll rt ttul 3, l rt. t. p prd dll ugugl d ttd d frt ll lgg dll dpd dl pubbl mtr dl ptr utv; d gu, u dmr gv m l tr può prmttr l lu d bbdrl pr vvturr lug l tr prt l prp dll pprtutà h urmt pg trm d ff, d tmp d t m. Dtt prp prtrbb d gr fur dll Stt ( mgtrt) l r dll pl h rbb rtt d prmtr prt d drltà mprt l u d rpbltà plt d prt dl ttlr. L gu mmdt d vv d tr tp: l ptr gudr è dffu (l Mtr dll gut è l ttlr l dll plt gudr, m h dl ptr d r dll pl); l pl è rtt d mgtrt; fur h vlg tl mpt rmt dpdt d u rg plt h f r dll rpbltà plt ut u tm h gu dll bblgtrtà. Ovvmt u tm fftt può prdr d fur d mtr u dll Stt mlt rdt d u rptt dll Ittu lvtm: lm f d gg, mpr plt h vvdt ull gvrtv h frt prv qull dr. S duqu l prp d bblgtrtà dll pl p l pubbl mtr è u put frm dll ttu dll lgl rdr 3, è dpbl h l ttvtà dll pl gudr, mmt d vv d vlgmt dll dg, trttmt dpdt dll drttv mprtt dl pubbl mtr. N trtt d vlr uufrur d prfltà mturt l tmp ul mp d utrr fdu u pprt dll Stt dg d g lg. L rgmt è d mmdt mprbltà pr ddtt lvr: frt d u dttt ttul 3 rultt d u dbttt mlt h m tutt prdtt frutt d tut md d trpp p l tmp, l

29 g lgltr, trvd d frt ggtt h h u dpp dpd ful d rg (rpttvmt dll Autrtà gudr d Mtr d pprt 33 ) h rt d trvr u lu d mprm 34 ffhé l ggtt h dv rpdr du pdr prvlg mpr muqu lu h gl grt l tpd, l prgr rrr, l fr, up d trfrmt tr (vvmt l Mtr). Il tm d trfrmt è qull ld ; qut l lu: l Eutv td dprr qull dl prl dll d pl gudr l lltmt l g d ltr d d drgt d rv d pl gudr è dpbl h l Autrtà gudr prm l prpr vlut ptv; tt prò: l trfrmt rd r fr d prgr rrr, t l plt dll mgtrtur; mtr è rht, pur mpr, pr dprr l prm. Ph prblm pg v l trfrmt flg : d d, vrà lug ull b dll rpt frt dll Autrtà gudr. Dvr è l u fltr lmt ptlg. S pg l d u ttm uffl d pl gudr vmt lt (lm prr dll Ammtr). A frt dll mpl rht d prr r l trfrmt, l mgtrtur pprrbb l u pù tt rfut. Il mgtrt trt, prò, vtt dll rht d prr fvrvl ll prm, trvrà d frt qut rvll 35 : drl prdr l pr llbrtr prhé l trfrmt ptrà pprr; ppur grl trvd, prò dvt ll gut rmtr d h è mt l mmtr vd rut mrt dll Autrtà gudr. S, llr, l p dll pl gudr è, dl put d vt rg, dpdt dl ptr utv ( qut ptrbb prtr frm d tm pr), rà fdmtl h lm l mmt ful, l lgm l Autrtà gudr mlt frt. Itd dr h dv r l d luvmt l pm dttr l drttv tm d dg; lr (qu) rt b d u l d td h è dt v v rdd prtr dgl 9 può durr t h mtt rptgl l dpd dl pm drt l bbr d u t uffl d gt d pl gudr. D ultm, l f d ffrr u trbut pr rdr ffttv l prp d bblgtrtà qut d tt df, m prmtt d vr u prpt d ur dd h mr, d u lt, rrvr l mpg d pubbl mtr d gud gl ffr h dvvr mrt l lr tt grvd gl uff d u rt ml d lvr rdd, d gu, pù fft l pprt gudr; dll ltr, tr, ultm l, h ll tr dll llttvtà rt l d pr l rl d u px l ttbl. Ptrbb r rlt rrrr u ttut h, ttud frm d dgurdl, tgr, prò u pt d dprul: l md. Orr, prò, pfr td dgurdl dprul: l prm f rfrmt qull tu fr dll qul, frt d u t d rt, ttv ggtt tr ll mgtrtur 36. Slu d qut gr l tr rdmt plrbbr ttul qut l rt. dll ttu m t fgur l p l pm l bblg d rtr l pl dvt ll tt rm: tl ptr-dvr gl v ttrtt fvr d u ggtt dvr fgurrbb u vulu ll rt.. L mt ttv dl pm prtrbb ltr ll lu dll pru dll rg gurdl h, pr tr, rult dfttbl; d l pm prt, è pbl h lu frt l ptr d dfr l pr. Smpr muqu u gud prhé dpd- 7

30 b mu 8 t, tr d mprl è hmt mttr l prl f d u prdmt t dl pubbl mtr; h trtt d u drt d rhv d u t dll ut dll rt d, mpr d prvvdmt gurdl trtt 37 : rvut l rg dll ttultà d frm d dgurdl. l d trm, pr tr, rfr qull pt u l pm, pr d u t d rt, qu l dttt ttul, vlg dg ll u lu, prò, lv l mput 38 m lmt d vr ll rg gurdl l rht dl drt d rhv prhé l t d rt è fdt, prhé gl lmt qut l r dll dg d tr l u gud. 39 L rt ttul 4 h gt h «l prp d bblgtrtà dll pl g h ull vg ttrtt l trll d lgltà ffttut dl gud: d è t, prò, qull h dttr v dft fvr t. ò mprt l l rgtt dl trppt prp d pprtutà h pr, vr mur, tm d pl flttv, td ll rg dll u d gr h b vlut tr ll ggttv fdt dll tt rm; m mprt, ltrì, h dubb l vd rtt m. D ò è, dl rt, pl dmtr l frmul m m du dll ttut dll rhv trm d mft fdt. A pl bblgtr gf, prò, qultà utmt tr t d rt pr, é dvr dl pm d r l pr pr qul tt rm. Lmt mplt ll t bblgtrtà, rlmt t, è h l pr dbb r turt qud ppl ggttvmt uprflu: rgl, qut, tt pù vr l uv tm, h p l dg prlmr fur dll mbt dl pr, tbld h, l lr t, l bblg d rtr l pl rg l tt vrft l m d pruppt h rd dvr l rhv, h è, pput, -r-

31 g dll (rt. 5 d. pr. p.)». I ltr trm, frm rtd h è ftt bblg l pm d ttvr dvt d g tt rm, l rt dr pmt mptbl l dpt dll rt. dll ttu l rhv dpt dl gud u rht dl pm qud, gut d dg d lu pltt md rg d pprfdt, l pr pl ggttvmt uprflu. Mutt mutd, ptrbb pr ull rt d pr d tlu P urp d pt d rhv dt ll t ptv dll md: m rfr qull ttut l u prtgt (ull fd) è u ggtt prtlrmt qulft, prt 4 qul plg, pdgg, trplg, phtr, hé lg, h p m h b vdt Elg Rt 4 - quv (prm h qudtt) rptt ll prt; l fltà d qut ttut multpl: ) l rmt dll vttm (dv vr fdu ll utrtà bbdr tmt d vdtt); b) l rpr dll ff ll u dm glbl (prttutt ul p ml, rmt u qull m); ) l utrpbl dl r; d) l vlgmt dll mutà l pr d rpr; ) l rffrmt dgl tdrd mrl: dv mrgr d d mprtmt pr t h v l dll tr d prv grl ptv; f) l tmt dll llrm l. Il qudr ptbl ptrbb r qut: l pm, rv l t d rt, vlut l fdt l u ttrbubltà ll dgt; rt ltr h l rt rtr prdgm dt dll lgg 43 h t l m tt dll md; dp l trm dgl tt l mdtr, l frttmp, v l rht d rhv h v vglt d gud. Gl fftt d qut ultm prvvdmt, prò, p prhé ubrdt ll t dll md. Aprt l l d mu tr ff d utr dl rt, l mdtr dv rtr gl bttv d u pr tt rggut: ì 44, l prdur rtrà l fftt d lltr dftvmt dl md gudr l prt. I trr, l pm prgurà ll u ttvtà gl vlupp h l vlgmt dll dg mprtrà. S trttrbb h d u prm p vr l d d u mdll d gut ltv ( l gl rtmt prt lu P dll Eurp) d u gl d bbd (prl) d qull rtrbutv. Il tm dll mpug, f, dv r prfdmt rvtt. Il tr ttul tm prul prvd h mlt d prvvdmt gurdl uttbl d ppll pr rg d mrt d lgttmtà; ltr, d l rt. dll ttu mm 7, tr tutt l t d prvvdmt mtr d lbrtà prl è mm rr pr pr vl d lgg. S fgur ì u tm fr dl qul, qu mpr, l t d prm grd è uttbl d ppll: l prpt prl d dpp grd d gurd ; l: dll rhmt dp ttul l t d prm grd, ppllbl, è muqu mpr rrrbl pr pr vl d lgg l pr dll d prut grd d ppll. Stupr, qud du gl fftt dltr dll mpug, gl ppll prpt l f u d qutr l prr dl rt, rr pr dftgt, l vrr d lvr p gl rg d d grd d lgttmtà è pr trl. L rt ttul h gt h l ppll è ttulmt grtt 45 : qut gf h, rbu ttbu, ptrbb r llt trtt d p dl lgltr. Slu drt dvbl, vvmt: prò, ptlmt pbl uttbl d ur ttul. Il lgltr h gà prvvdut mtr prul pl md mlt ult h h vtblmt prtt 9

32 3 b mu trvt dll rt ttul h h t, pù d u, l llgttmtà dll trvt vllt. Ar u vlt, è qut l d pr dr ll pf l mdfh d pprtr: rm l tt h l ttr dll mpug dv r ggtt d prfd rpmt. N dv tr tbu: dutr, prprr lu ltrtv, m prr l dll rdu dv r l mprtv tgr. *** I u prpttv tru 46, m t llr d ludr ffrmd h dvvr vglm h l pt gut rut m dv, dbbm vr prlu frtr lu h p d mmdt dv; dbbm r dpt lvrr d drttr h mptbl l ttu ttl t l tr ultur 47 ; dbbm pr fr u p dtr rptt qut drvm ludbl prhé d rtut pprtt l tr ptrm gt; rr h ull dvdulm bb l mgl l d pprt d u mutà. Il prgumt dl b mu, l pr ll rl dll mmut, l rptt dl prpr dll ltru rul, l vlr mpr muqu dll pr, l dv d vlr uvrl dv r tpt prpt h pur tut d rg rdbl dttt d tr d prt dv muqu rrtrr prhé prv dl rpr d uvrltà. S ddr dvvr vvr u md gut 48, è dpbl h u d gut prm pr ttdr dgl ltr l bu mp; rr mprtr l prpr vt vlr dmtt l tmp ll p, gr d gu, dprr pr l d grtf mmdt, r muqu ttm d pr l futur hé d fdu l lvr ll ft qutd dvdr qut pù pbl l ltr vd dll t dvdul qull dgl ltr: dtt trm dvr, fr prm. NOTE S trtt dl ddl ttul. 475 dll XVI lgltur. V. l l d ttr gà rggruppt pr tm mg, rtr, qut Rvt, (f) 4/, p. 3. Pr u l pprfdt d putul, fr. R. ROMOBOLI, U rfrm pl dll gut u rtt dl rpprt tr ptr? (Orv l DDL ttul. 475 prtt ll mr d dputt l 7 prl ), www. dttult.t/rvt/3 hé Qut gut,, (f) 5. fr. t 6. 3 L m l lmtrà l ttr plt h h rpprtt l mbt d m tud. 4 Lmtd d ggugr ll ttul tt dll rt. l gut fr: «L lgg tbl l mur d d urr l ffttv r». 5 Nl tt rfrmt l L qul lud h p utr p pr vlut drl l mmt u ll uff prv l tt rm. 7 Rdud ì l pr d u r d tl. 8 È tutv h prt prvt prt pubbl p vr gl t d dt ptr: p h l ll dpbltà dll pl gudr d u rrttmt gd l Autrtà gudr 9 S drtt ttrvr l pbltà grtt l quv d ppul d ptr dr ll ul dv vlg l ud pl, mdt ttrvr l pr dgl rg d frm (tmp rtt m ud-vv). L t, ftt, è prut m dl ppl tl. D g Dprtmt. ò vvmt mprt h l pttr

33 g dll dpl prpt ( prpbl) p r ttrl mrt luvmt frmr mgtrt, vvt t. 3 Sgftv l prpt l prpt (gut ll f luv d lbr) dll Fltà d Gurprud (dll qul m r d vr ftt prt) dll Uvrtà dl Pmt Ortl rg gl Ord dgl Avvt d Aldr, Aqu Trm, l Mfrrt, Vrll, Trt d At hé l ll Sul d frm fr G. Ambrl. 4 A ttl mrmt mplftv: tr dll vvtur; l vd d grd vvt; gl vvt rt (tr qutd d vvtur); gl vvt l mpg vl plt (tr d vvt tl trr mpgt l vl ll df d drtt um); l uv frtr dll vvtur 5 Drtt vl, pl, mmtrtv, prul vl, prul pl. 6 Il rmt d fu (rdt frmtv uvrtr) è mpr b tt 7 P. FERRUA, Il uv pr pl l rfrm dl drtt pl tl, Rl vlt l vg u Rfrm dl drtt pl. Gr d ffttvtà dll th d tutl (Ab Trm, 4-6 g 99); pubblt Qut gut 99, 56. hé Stud ul pr pl, vl. II, Amrf dl pr utr, Tr 99, p S p ll rt. 46 b p. 9 Sul put fr. S. PANIZZA, Stm tbllr rdmt gudr, Nm, (f) 99, 55,, hé Tt qut d Ordmt gudr fr, ur d S. P, A. Pru, R. Rmbl, P, vl. I, Atlg d rtt, 95: «L t d u plurltà d p ll tr dl rp d gud, ltr d r mpltmt pruppt dvr mmt dl tm ( ), rpprt l frutt turl dll vlu dl plurlm ll tà. m è gà hrmt pruppt dll rt. 5 mm t., l u dvt d dtglr huqu dl gud turl prttut pr lgg pr prm lug dtt d mpdr l pù grv dll gu lmt pbl qul plurlm, tt l rh h l lt dl gud h dv prur u u dtrmt ffr p r h ltt pprr dt dll qulf d rd dlg ulturl h vtulmt l dtgu». Rut è dttmt l gl mgtrt qut tl prhé vtt d qull pfh fu d u prvvdmt dl p. Ptlmt tr-drtt. fr. rtt. 3-9 d.lg. 5 prl h mprtrbb l mpbltà dl pgg dll u ll ltr dll rrr u vlt vvut l gr mgtrtur. 4 N tutt p prmttr d tr t d dg dfv d vvt mlt prprt 5 Art. 7 mm 3 t. 6 Ah l pm può rr qut rttrt l mmt u hd l ppl dll lgg. Nu tr prl l pg; l muv umt l rt. 73 dll Ordmt gudr: «Il pubbl mtr vgl ll rv dll lgg, ll prt rglr mmtr dll gut ; prmuv l rpr d rt l ppl dll mur d ur». 7 I fftt mlt uff p rt ptr lr frt utld l mm l dlg d l frt, rfutd l pbltà d u gt vrtt dll uff. 8 Qut mprtrbb h l dg rltv fttp l u rtru rhd pfh d pprfdt g t-tfh ( ttl mrmt mplftv, rt fllmtr, rmltà frmt, tutl dll lut dll mbt ) vr trt Prur (d mp qull dtrttul) dv prvt h u pl d pm pl qull mtr, d gu, bb u mggr fltà d ffrtr qu prblm prhé dtt d mggr. Il mgtrt tuttfr può tr prhé d u rmltà mpr pù ftt dv pprr pprt ttl u l prpr tf l ggrmt d lr mpt lvtm. 9 F rfrmt ll.d. l-gud h rm mu qu tutt l Prur tl. Il p dll uff dvd l lvr tr vr (là dv prt), ggut ttut d rtr qulttv prdtrm rtr d prrtà b qul l fl v gt d rtr utmt l pf dttr up prm dp dll u dll ltr t d rt lu ttrbut d l drttv dt dl p. Pr u mp, fr. ( l vr (ggrt l 7/5/) dll l gud dttt dl Prurtr p dll Rpubbl d Tr,. Grl ll. 3 St. 84/979. 3

34 3 b mu 3 S dvr dvdur gl trumt d drtt tl prul h, lfr l prtt, t u u mggr ffttvtà. M lmt d dr du gftv: dpl md. 3 Art. 9: L Autrtà gudr dp drttmt dll pl gudr. 33 Svlg fu d pl gudr ( ttl d uffl d gt d dl grd) gl pprtt ll Pl d Stt, ll rm d rbr l rp dll Gurd d f, qull dgl gt d utd dl rp frtl dll Stt; l Sd d mu dv bb d u uff dll Pl d Stt u md dll Arm d rbr dll gurd d f, ll mbt trrtrl dll t d pprt, l gurd dll prv d mu qud rv. Ad u mrd d ltr tgr, ltr ( tt dt 35 m pù gftv!), v p ttrbut d lgg rglmt tl qulf. 34 S vd gl rtt. (Trfrmt dl prl dll ), 4 (Alltmt d drgt d rv) 5 (Prm) dll rm d ttu, d rdmt trtr dl d d prdur pl. 35 Og rhm l prmvtur ut mvtur è mrmt ul 36 fr., d mp, l rt dll Rgl mm pr l mmtr dll gut mrl (.d. rgl d Ph) l qul, pur l md dl dl vrb dvr, tbl h: «Dvrbb r drt l pprtutà, v pbl, d trttr d gv h dlqu rrrr l pr frml d prt dll Autrtà mptt prvt dll rtl 4, mm» (lgg mgtrtur, dr). «L pl, l prur gl ltr rv h h r d dlqu gvl, vr l ptr d ddr tl lr dr rrrr prdmt frml, frmtà rtr ft qut p rpttv tm gurd, h prp tut qut rgl». «Il rr mur xtr-gudr h mpl l ffdmt rv dll mutà d ltr, rhd l dl gv d u gtr tutr rtd t h tl d d ffdmt può r ggtt rv d prt dll utrtà mptt qulr ftt dmd. Al f d fltr l lu drl d d gv h dlqu, r mput fr pr rgr prgrmm mutr, d rvgl d rtmt pr urr l rttu d b l rrmt dll vttm». 37 S prl qut prpt d mpbltà d ru l gut pr mtr pl. 38 E v, d gu, l rht d rv gud. 39 fr. rtt. 48, 4 pp 5 rm ttu, d rdmt trtr dl pp (d.lg.. 7/989). 4 St.. 88/99. 4 L l è prpt ttl mrmt mplftv. 4 Il drtt frtr, Ltr, Br, p. 89; ID., Il lgugg dl mdtr l lgugg dl gud, Mdr, 3,(f), p È bl rrdr h l dvdu dll pttr d rt h trbbr qut tp d prdur ttu u d mmt tp dll ttvtà plt h du ll rfrm. 44 Alm qull d u ll ltt. ), b), ). 45 fr. pr tutt, l t. 6/98 ll u mtv rhmt ltr d frt dll ut. 46 Pr rprdr l tt pr, qut Rvt, dl Drttr Bldu l u fd: fr. D dv rprtr?, (f) 5/, p Prl d ultur d dlg pur u. 48 Dv gut è l mpr ò h rtm tl m qut è ful ll llttvtà.

35 Aqu, drtt um Gupp R U Rlu d 9 mmbr dll Ambl grl dll N Ut l lugl (Th Hum Rght t Wtr d Stt) h flmt rut «l ll qu ptbl ur rv tr» m u drtt l ll vt ll fru d tutt gl ltr drtt um. Ah tl plt rmt è tt u vt prtlrmt gftv, dp tt d tt, rult vdt h rhdrà tvl fr d prt d tutt gl Stt, gl rgm ttl l ttu fr trl ffhé vg ttut tmp rgvl. L tu ttul, m pù vlt è tt dut, può drr drmmt P v d vlupp: ltr 9 ml d pr vrbbr d qu ptbl, ltr l dpp dprrbb rglrtà d qu d bu qultà prttutt ll rurl, d ltr u mlrd dprrbb d lu rv g, gu grvm ull lut dll ppl. A u d t lvt dll frtruttur (qudtt, fgtur mpt d dpur) d lmtt vtmt qut ttr gl ultm, può rtr p prbbl u rl mglrmt tmp brv. Ah ddtt P vluppt t prblm ll pprvvgmt tt d qu ur ll mltmt dpur dll qu rflu, rl ll vtutà dll frtruttur, ll r drh dvut d vt d tà, ll mpttvtà tr vr u, hé ll dgut dgl t d gvr gt. Tuttv, l h ffrt qulh gl ptv pr l ffrmr d u mggr pvl ull urg d dvr trvr pr vvr lu tl prblm. I prtlr l VI Frum mdl dll Aqu d Mrgl (-7 mr), dl ttl U tmp pr l lu, h lt u frt ppll plt lvll ll, l d trl h fvrt l mb d pr th mh gurd-ttul grd d mglrr l ttul tu. Ah lvr dll fr dll N Ut ull Svlupp tbl (h è vlt R d Jr dl l gug r d è t m R + ) h pt hr l qut dll qu m u dll prblmth l d ffrtr pr l vlupp tbl dl Pt. b mu L ll rr drh h bg d r grtt md ldl udr. L hd h l Dttr l dll h Gupp R, vprdt dll Itrtl Wtr Rur At, gà prfr rdr d Idrlg tru drulh ll Fltà d Iggr dll Uvrtà d t 33

36 34 b mu Nll mbt dl qudr pr t, v mlt lmt d tr l trbut Aqu, u lmt l pr l vt h l Ptf gl dll gut dll p h ftt prvr l VI Frum mdl dll Aqu. Dp u rhm tut d lgh dumt prdpt dll St Sd d tr prdt Frum (Kyt 3, ttà dl M 6 Itbul 9), l Nt ffrm ull tu ttul, ull lu tbl trm d truttur gvr, d plth pr l qu m b mu d mprtmt t. U gud ttmt ptv v pr ull mpg dll N Ut pr l mm h h prtt ll dhr dll ll qu rv tr m drtt um uvrl, pr l tt mpg lltr rdr l tv d u plurltà d rg rgl trl u prblm dll qu, tr u l d d dr u d pr l qu pr l vt (5-5). V h pr u vt pprmt ull pvl, mturt U tmp pr l lu Il mgg dl Frum mdl dll qu d Mrgl (-7 mr ) A prtr dl 997, l Wrld Wtr Frum è l pputmt trl h, u rt umr d prtpt, tm d ptr, rhm l tt l dgl prt ll vr dpl h up d qu d rpbl dgl t d gt dll d dl ttr, m h d plt (rgm trl, gvr l d t ll) d rpprtt dll ddtt tà vl (g, grupp d vltrt mbtl l). Il Frum v rgt dl gl mdl dll Aqu ( d Fr) dl gvr dll Stt h pt l vt, l bttv d fvrr l mb d d pr, m h d lltr u pù v mpg plt u prblm pù urgt mp dr, prtlr qull h rhd lu vrl. Il Frum è h ggtt d trvr: gl rgtr, prttutt l utrtà plth, lt rultt, p mdt, rggut, mtr gl pptr (Sl Frum, g ttv ll df d drtt um / ll tutl dll mbt) du h l Frum prm gl tr m dll grd d dll ttu fr trl d rgd, ll ultm d, dgl tr trl ltrtv. Tr rttr pf dl Frum d Mrgl ( dv tutt tr l f ull lu ttmt gà dl ttl: dp l pprfdt dg dll tu dll pprvvgmt dr d rv tr, dl rh d dtr ll qu, dll dffltà ll pr trl ffttut prdt Frum, lvll ttl rgl, l Frum d qut h ttt d rglr u mp vtgl d prpt h p rpprtr lu rt prblm pù grv dtft. Tl prpt, frmult ll tmth rgl, ltr h ttrvr l t wb dl Frum, lud trumt d tp gurd (dg d lgg, b d v...), d tp t (prgtt d mpt, ftwr,.), d tp ttul (t d gvr, tp d p, tr...) rtt ll mu (vd, mpg d bl...). Altr rltv vtà rptt ll pt d è tt l mggr rlv dt ll prtp d gv dll pr dll ddtt tà vl, ttrvr pfh ddt gv tm dll ldrtà dr, ttrvr l rl dl Vllgg dll Slu h, u u r d 4 mtr qudr, h rlt u m d d vtv u prblm dll qu prtlr mbt, qul l ul, l mu, l fbbr d h l prfr urb l bdvll. Ah ll p d vlrr l rul dgl t ll ll vlupp d trtg d gt pù drt mbmt glbl h tr l pt, Mrgl è tt rprpt l Ptt pr l qu tpult l pr-

37 r gl tr trl dgl ultm, h l qut dll qu p r rlt md lt llgrl d ltr tmth l, mh mbtl tr (vg tt tr l ltr l qut dll urb, dll fm ttlmt, dll rg, dll mbt lt, dll ttrf turl, tr). Vg qud rhmt lu prp dll dttr l dll h, d mp ull tutl dll mbt m b llttv l u lvgurd può r urt d «mpl mm d mrt» (Gv Pl II, tmu Au) ul drtt ll qu rut m «drtt uvrl lbl» l.485 dl mpd dll Dttr Sl dll h. rfrmt qut prp, l Nt d ffrm u rh d u v mrtl dll qu, rgmtd h «l ltà dll qu, d d D, pr l t um bblg drrl m u b mmrl qul» rfutr «u v d u mprtmt vmt mrtl» h p prtr «prgrmmr vtmt pr frtruttur l dt Frum d Itbul, rld l rlt d frm d d plt ltt rgl ll. Il Ptt, h prp l frmul l ttu d u P d lvll ll, ll tt dll qu m b pubbl d u dpbl rdmt d vr lvll d gvr, rvlg u ppll gvr l ll ttu trl u du put l: ) prdr tt dll dffltà l rggugr l Fltà d Svlupp dl Mll, dvdut dll N Ut l ( prtlr u tm dr dmr l ppl mdl d qu ptbl ur rv tr tr l 5) lrr gl fr pr rur mglrr muqu l tu; ) grtr ll utrtà ll rgl, l rptt dl prp d udrtà, l mpt l rr pr vlgr l fu lr gt pr mglrr pprvvgmt dr tutl dll qumt. U ltr dumt d tp plt d dubb tr è tt l Dhr d mtr d p dlg gvrtv (ltr 4), h h rhmt l tà d lrr l pr pr u rl ll qu ptbl rv tr d rr l tm dll qu l qudr dgl rtmt trtg u gvr glbl, fmt pr. I tl qudr, l Dhr h ttlt l trltà dll mur d dttmt mtg mbmt lmt, ltr h dgl trvt ull frtruttur drh dll ttà l f d rdr l pvrtà. L t Dhr h upt l mglrmt dll rl tr prt, plt, gtr d rv dr tkhldr, d h ht h rultt dl Frum fr p prtt ll fr dll N Ut u Svlupp tbl R + dl gug. Mltm tm d rttr t-tf d m tt ffrtt rgt d vr rgm / trl (F, U, Emw, Iwr, tr). Tr, prtlrmt vv h pr l vrtà d put d vt pr, qull u qu ur lmtr, u dgh mpt drlttr, ull dl, ugl u multpl dll rr, ugl vtmt pr l grd frtruttur, ull prv d dtr lgt ll qu. Elmt prtlrmt vtv tt du dll prt dl IV Rpprt dl Wrld Wtr Amt Prgrmm, ddt ll Gt dll qu d d rh rt, l qul t ul ftt h u plt dll qu m frmmtr, pù tbl d qu rhd, ltr gl trvt tr l ttr dr, h rpt dll tà pù grl («ut f th wtr bx»). Nll tvl rtd rgt d vr rgm urp prtlr tt è tt ddt ll ttu d P d gt d dtrtt drgrf prvt dll Drttv Qudr /6 gl rtmt pr ffrtr l fd d mbmt lmt ttrvr u pù trtt pr tr gl Stt. Ah wrkhp rgt ll l fr dll td Itl tt du umr tm d tr, dl rul dll rr ur-mdtrr u qu lm ll pr dll pf d b dl Sud Itl. 35

38 36 b mu dv ppr rddt rlrl» «rr u dpd r (d rt, d prdur, d burr, d brvtt) prdprr frr l qu l h è grd d pgrl». V ttlt h l rh d drr «mpl lt» lr h «r um vt l drtt d u t dgt». L prt pù prptv dl dumt ffrm ull tà d rdmt gurd d ttu p dr ffttv ttu l drtt ll qu gà lvll l ull tà d u gvr trl, vt «m prp uprr h pprm l tv ttl ll, bì m u tà d rdmt d rtmt pr u vlr u u rm tbl dll mbt dll rr turl vt dll rl dl b mu mdl». I mpt gt ll ttu trl dvrbbr lmtr fvrr l pr mp tf, tlg,mmtrtv mgrl fltr l trll dll rru l prv gt d fltt, m dvrbbr «grtr tutt vuqu u ll qu rglr d dgut, dd tdrd qulttv qutttv, ffrd rtr h ut prmuvr lgl l mptbl l drtt ll qu mtrd gl Stt rptt lr mpg». Tl uggrmt pr u gvr trl mp dr llg ll up dll rt Vrtt d u Autrtà mdl h «rt l llbr trl vr l vlupp ldl d tutt ppl» d è fdt ull prpttv bbl dll dt uvrl d b dl rt, d d D tutt gl um, rhmt dll Gudum t p l. 69. I prtlr ul prblm dll prtrhp pubbl-prvt ll gt d rv dr, l dumt, rd h è mpbl tblr rgl rm uvrl, rffrm l prp h, d l qu u b purmt mrtl, l gt dll dtrbu dll qu dv r frm ll g dl b mu. Pur trd gl ptt pù t dll plth ull qu, u prtlrmt v l ppll «plth rgg, è pt lugmr flut d tr prtlrt é vrt pptmt pr ttr l u lttrl» plth bt ull ldrtà trgrl frgrl ltr h ull tbltà mbtl, t m «gt prm» dll rr dl Pt. If l Nt ffrt l dm t, rrtt d vlr qul l ltrum, l ldrtà l gut. Prtd d u tt ffrm h l gt dll qu è dv r prup d tutt l tà vl prblm h rgurd l lu t, lu plt lu mmtrtr, rhm l dvr dll brtà d um l mpg d ttur u qu dtrbu dll rr drh. S qut lu dgl lmt h rd l dumt dll St Sd prtlrmt gftv ul p dll l d prblm dr lvll mdl, ul p d prp t h p dbb prr u pù v fr trvr pprprt lu tmp brv, tt h fr du lmt h h trvt ufft p ll Nt h ptrbbr trbur rffrr l frmul d rtr d rpbltà t l dtf dgl trumt d ul pù d lu ff. Atutt ppr utl rhmr l tà d fdr gl rtmt

39 r mrl pf pr l gt dll qu u lu prp grl d t l, d t mbtl, u qul, pur prtd d pr flfh / rlg dvr, può rlvr u prgrv vrgr. U tl rr d lmt t mu pplbl l dll qu è ggtt d umr pubbl: qu bt tr vlum Th Eth f Frhwtr U, lbrt ll mbt dll U (Slbr, ) Wtr Eth, dffu l Frum d Itbul (Llm t l.,9). I prtlr, rfrmt ll t l, ppr mmdt ttr h l prm d prp d udrtà d ldrtà pr l gt dll mbt dll rr turl è lgt l ll rfl t ttl (m rpr dll Nt), m rut h d ltr rfl th, h pr l dll qu mtt l t ull udrtà m pr tr vr lvll d gvr prtp pubbl l pr dl trpr dll frm, ull dr-ldrtà mprdt qutà trrtrl d qutà trttrl tr vr u dll qu, ltr h trgrl (fr. G. ROSSI, Prpttv th ll u dll rr drh, Bt ultur, vl. XVI,. /8, pp ). Ah rfrmt ll t mbtl, mbr pprtu dr u plt rmt trbut d pr h h tt d uprr l frm d trptrm lut (fdt ul dm fruttmt dll tur), pur prdd l dt d u v tr prt h trtt l um ll t trgu dll ltr rltà turl. I tl prpttv prp b d t mbtl, qul l prt dgl tm l tbltà dll vlupp rhd d r trdtt pr l dll qu trm d mm dgl mptt dll frtruttur drh ugl tm qut prt rp dr d bttv d tbltà, qul tutl dll mbt turl d rh pprtbl l tmp t qul lvgurd d drtt dll futur gr, rtmt pplt gl trumt d pf dll rr drh. rfrmt gl trumt utl pr vvr lu l qut dll qu, prpr prhé gl ptt gurd d ttul trl gutmt ftt ll Nt, mbr r u pù plt vlr dgl trumt trl gà prpt l f d uprr fltt prmuvr u rrtt gt dll qu. Il prm d qut trumt è l v dll N Ut pr gl u dvr dll vg, dttt dll Ambl grl l 997, pr fvrr l pr tr gl Stt rvrh d r d qu vrl (h ttrvr l mb d frm d u fr mu d prv d rh dvut u turl trph) h t prp grl rvlt d u utl rgvl d qu. Purtrpp l v, h pur fr u gud utrvl pr gl rd tr gl Stt (dd m mdltà d lu dll dput l rr ll md d u prt tr, ll rbtrgg l gud dll rt d gut trl), prt grv lmt ll ffttv ptà d rlvr l dput tr gl Stt, phé frmul u hr prvl tr l prp dll prv d d gl ltr Stt rvrh dl b d l prp dl bf dl gl Stt phé d l prrtà tr vr u (d d u «pl tt» «um um vtl»). Appr prò mprtt u d trumt, è l prpt d mdf d dtt v, ftt dll Itrtl Lw At ll fr d Brl (Th Brl Rul Wtr Rur, 4), h prvd u mplmt dl mp d ppl, tdd l vldtà h r d qu rdt u l Stt, tdd mpt dll Stt (h dvrbb 37

40 38 b mu dtr d tutt gl trumt r, - dgl rdmt rmtv gudr f prgrmm d frm rr -, pr ddfr gl bblgh ut, trdud rtr d gt tgrt dll qu, f pltd l gr d prtp ll d d tutt gl tkhldr (G. ROSSI, Rpbltà t ll gt dll qu, L Aqu,. /, pp. 6-78). I lu, l prtur h up l rr l vrg tr prp d t rt qull d ltr th lh / d ltr rlg, m h l uggrmt d vlrr lu trumt gurd lbrt pr rgm trl, pgg trmb u u v h, umltà hr ddr pltr: l vvr l rpprt tr h md, dp l l Vt II è r prdr tt h l l h, m rp d rt ll tr h qul d dr l md, ull b dl pr ptrm dll Srttur dll Trd, m h h l md h qul d dr ll h. I ltr prl l df d u md pù gut mp d uprr u ttggmt d utrfrltà pr prr ll tt d u plurlm d trbut.

41 Aggutm l rubtt Gupp R U f, dll mpg rfrdr u rv dr (-3 gug ), prblm dll qu l tr P bbr u mmt d dubb pplrtà. m è t, l mggr d vtt bò l plt dl gvr Brlu d prvlgr l gt prvt dl rv dr tgrt, rdud l pbltà d ffdr l rv dr tgrt d u ggtt gtr pubbl, prvt mt, m rgrmt prvt dll lgg Gll (l. 36/994) h ttrbuv muqu ll Autrtà d Ambt Trrtrl Ottml l fu pubbl d dr trll. I qull l p pubbl gr prt d md trò ugl ptt dlg dl prblm: u prt ftò l gt prvt d tutt rv ll, m u frm fft, frd, h l d là d rl tut, l d urp fvr dll rr dl mrt m d rgltr; l ltr prt t l gt pubbl dl rv dr m u frm mptbl prp fdmtl dll qu m b mu, dll ll qu m drtt um uvrl, dmtd h prpr l pr gtv d mlt rv d qudtt fgtur, prvltmt pubbl lvll mul ( vrmul), m l frt frmmt d gtr, vv dtt l lgltr rfrmr, l lgg Gll, l rg d rv dr. Nl r d dbttt pù r dumtt, h h mpgt l mpg rfrdr, pprv vdt h l qut ggtt dl rfrdum prv u ptt lmtt, h qull pù mmdtmt rpt dll ppl, dll qut dll qu l tr P. Iftt, h rd l prrtà d rv dr h ur l u ptbl dll rr drh l tutl dll qumt, è dubb h l rgl d tl rv r u plt pù grl dll fru dll rr drh pr vr u (vl, grl, dutrl, rgt), ltr h dll df dll qu dll rv dl ul. ì, l d là dl rfrdum, vv rprpt l tà l urg d rprdr l pr rfrmtr dll plt dll qu dl ul Itl, vvt l lgg 83/989 h r tt trrtt muqu dtrt d uv, d ttur mputmt l Drttv urp ull qu mt uvmt. Pur d pt ltr u d rfrdum pur pr dl uv Gvr d t, h tt pr h lmtt gr prt dl P, è mt u pù v mpg lvll lgltv t-mmtrtv u qut prblm rult pù h m d vv ttultà l g d rlr l plt dll qu dl ul Itl. È pbl dtfr lu lmt prrtr pr u tl plt? U tttv d rpt rhd u tt rhm d lu tpp dll vlu dl qudr gurd-ttul vvut l tr P l p d rlr u gt dll qu ff, tbl d qu. L lgg 83/989 mtr d qu ul, h rglv frutt pù mtur dll mpt tfh h vv trbut ll tur dll rl dll mm b mu Dp l vt rfrdr dl, r è l mmt d fr rprtr u r plt dll qu Itl Gupp R, vprdt dll Itrtl Wtr Rur At, gà prfr rdr d Idrlg tru drulh ll Fltà d Iggr dll Uvrtà d t 39

42 4 b mu D Mrh (97) dll fr l dll qu, rdt dl tr Md (97), r bt ull prm ttrbut l b drgrf, qul utà trrtrl pr l qul prdr d u pf utr dgl trvt pr l df dl ul, l utl dll rr drh l tutl dll qu dll qumt, mprdt qudr tv, prv d pr d rmtv. E ttrbuì l mpt dll rd d tl trumt d pf uv truttur d gvr, trrtr d mpt dt u pù b drgrf (l Autrtà d b), t t dll uv bltà lg, trdud, fr l ltr, u vl ll drh pr grtr u dflu mm vtl r d qu. U tl qudr utr d pf, ttulmt fft, trvò ubt tl rmtbl ll lt burrt tutt lvll, ll dffltà rglr l frm t-mh r fltt tr Stt Rg. Sprttutt l pr d pf utr ubì grv rtrd dl ftt h l uv prdu lgltv rglmtò mr prt vr mprt. Iftt l lgg 36/994, h pur h vut l mrt d trdurr u dm trrtrl prmul d rv dr urb (Ambt Trrtrl Ottml, ATO), u rg mprdtrl dl rv dr tgrt d u prl mg dll trff dr, fftt prpv u gt utr dll tr l dll qu (m d qulh rtr), m ufv l rv d qudtt, fgtur dpur dl mprt urb. Suvmt l ddtt Drt Sr (p lgg 67/998), mt tt l d mtv d grv vt lluvl pr frtggr tmp rpd l rh drglg, l d prdr ll dlmt dll r rh ll prpr d prgrmm d trvt ttrvr p trl. I dtt lgg vvò u pr h h prgrvmt trfrt vr l Prt vl l mggr prt d fmt l pr gl trvt d mrg, m h pr l pr d prv, h rhdrbbr u pù ttt pf ( prtlr u rl frt dll pbl ltrtv, trm m mbtl d u dgut vlut d mptt mbtl). Ah l ptmt dll rt d mtrgg mt-drpluvmtr è tt p ffdt ll Prt vl, l fftt d trurr mpt pù grl d qu dll frm drmtrgh, prm vlt dl Srv drgrf, h rv dll pf d b d prgtt dll frtruttur. Ah l d.lg. 5/999, l rpr l pr-

43 r r dll Drttv mutr ul trttmt dll qu rflu ull prt dll qu dll qumt ll tpr lu d prp tut ll Drttv Qudr urp /6 (llr r d pprv), ptò pr u ultrr p trl, l P d Tutl, trt ull prt d rp dr dll qumt, ffdt prò ll Rg ( ll Autrtà d b), grd ultrr fltt. Suvmt l d.lg. 5/6 h h dplt tm dll qu dl ul ll mbt d u d grl dll mbt (mprdt h l gt d rfut, l tutl dll r, l vlut mbtl, tr), d ftt h rprpt tutt l prv rmtv prm mt u rv rt d tut pr vtr trt vrpp. I prtlr h ffrtt lu d d rrlt, qul l rpprt tr l P d gt dl dtrtt drgrf, rdtt dmpmt ll Drttv Qudr /6, d P d Tutl d mpt dll Rg d P d Att drglg. Il d.lg. 49/, h h rpt l Drttv 7/6 u rh d lluv, h ultrrmt mplt l qudr d pf, trdud l P d gt dl rh d lluv lvll d dtrtt. Gl trvt lgltv pù rt h umtt l rt ull tt rgtv ull trff d rv dr urb. Iftt l lgg 4/ h ppr l Autrtà d Ambt Trrtrl Ottml, ffdd ll Rg l mpt d rttrbur, lgg, l fu gà rtt dll Autrtà, è pf, dtrm trff vgl ggtt gtr (tl mpt, l u d è tt prrgt l 3 dmbr, è tt r ttut d u tr dll Rg). Rt r d dr mplt ttu rultt dl rfrdum dl gug pr l mdltà d ffdmt dl rv dr tgrt ( frmtà ll prr rmtv dll U Eurp) pr l frm dll trff drh h, gut dll ppr dll Ag l pr l rgl l vgl mtr d qu (rt..9 dll lgg 4/), è gg d mpt dll Autrtà pr l rg lttr l g, h h vvt l mgg u ult pubbl u rtr pr l mdf dl mtd trffr. I lu, prt d mplt, pr rlr l plt dll qu l tr P è r rpdr d lu prrtà: - bg prdr ll rv dl d.lg. 5/6, lmd l gru r prt rpd gl rtmt pù rt dll mm urp (d mp tm d tà rtà dr d dttmt mbmt lmt); - rr dr ttu ll Drttv urp /6 7/6, prdd ll ttu dll Autrtà d b dtrttul (pblmt rvdd l dlmt d dtrtt h prt qulh gru), prvvdd ll rv ggrmt d P d gt d dtrtt frmtà rlv dll mm urp; - rv rrdr l mpt dgl rg t, prtr d u ff rdmt lvll l dll ttvtà d mtrgg drmtrlg (gg t dp l dtru dl Srv drgrf), mglrd rpprt tr gl t d pf trll ( lvll d dtrtt, d rg d ATO pr rv dr vl), d lmd vrpp d mpt tr gl t h prvvd ll u dgl trvt; - è r prr l mpt dll Autrtà dll rg dl g, u tt trfrt l fu d rgl trll d rv dr prm rtt dll mm pr l vgl dll rr drh, rl mpt h rt ffdt l Mtr dll Ambt; - bg urr u ff rdmt tr l prv d pf mtr d qu ul qull d ltr mprt (urbt tt dl trrtr, grltur, tr), pr uprr u dll u dr dll grv ttrf drglgh vvut h l rt pt; - rr urr u ffttv prtp pubbl pr dl h rgurd l u dll rr drh l df dl trrtr mglrr l trpr ull prfrm t ull tbltà dll gt d rv; - bg prmuvr u mggr bltà u tm ll u tbl dll qu dl ul (d mp rprm dr, tutl dll qumt, prv dll lluv ttrvr lt urbth tdt rr dflu d p ll rt drgrfh, tr), ttrvr prgrmm d ggrmt prfl, mpg d frm ll ul, u d trt; - rv grtr u mmtr gftv d rr fr pr gl trvt l mp dll frtruttur drh dll df dl ul. 4

44 ttm Il mdll Mt Fr Pl vl 4 Il md t" plt è u mp r gg rrubl pr h rv gl mmlt ugd ur rr Fr Pl vl, prdt dl mtt l d bt Nt l 88, mrt l 97, Gupp Mt bb u vt brv. Eppur prbb mmgr mggr dtà d vut pr tmt h l mr vr fmlr, gl m llgh, mtr, vr l rlg ttl, h fu llum gud tt dll u pr qutd. Né ptrbb murr lvll pù lt l u dd ll pr - f md gl tud. Er tmp u l v urr rlv pmt l md pdlr. M tmprmt l vlu dll md rhdv u ggrmt d urt lt - t pr frm gmt pvmt rvut, m pr rrh d t dtt. L rg dgl pdl dll Fltà mdh mrv v tr prt l md du md mu t. Nl 94, Frru Zmb, rttr dll Uvrtà d Npl, tv h «gl pdl dbb rvr ll bf, ll ul md», ì lggd dvmt l drt 549 dl fbbr 94 dl mtr dll Pubbl tru Gv Gtl. Gupp Mt, h d pdlr r lbr dt hm flg dl 9 l md g rl dl 9, r Bdtt r, h gl r m, du t rth l drt Gtl. Gl mbrv h vrbb rt «u lgrh l uffl, u dvrbb hr tutt l pr md d u r d gr». Ngl Opdl dgl Iurbl d Gù Mr frv mprtt ul lh. Il prvvdmt mtrl l mttv rh. Mt rvv l Rttr Zmb: «È dplrr h pt tr lp d p dll tr r d dmlr u ì utl ttu. ( )Dl rt tutt gl pdl dl md g (...). Prl gl tudt; prptt lr l pbltà h gl p dl hud l ul d md hrurg. M fr pr m vr urlt». Mt l prf.v Al, lbr dt d ptlg hrurg prmr hrurg ll Opdl d tr, v u lttr u tgmt l ppl dl drt m «rr - d, prhé trrbb tutt ph uh prvut gll pr pud r». Pr tdr m Mt vv u u mdll d md pdlr m rrtr tud, è utl rlggr l dmd d mm l r d ut prprtr ll tr ttdr d l

45 vl md, d u r dvut ttlr Gt Rumm, prvt d Plrm. Er l 96, Mt r lurt l dl 93, m prt quttr r d t tl, lt, d lbrtr, pdlr, tf. D tt r u pr prt l prgu dll rr r bb pr mpr fvrvl. M gl r prt rbllr ll gut h d d ltr, é. Nl r dl 9 pt d ut rdr gl Opdl rut prttò u mm u r tr gl ltr gud At rdrll pr tutlr l rg d ltr rrt. L mm mutò gud, qu d v l tur d Mt t trfl, l prf. rdrll d h «t d gmt r m mbttut u gv ml». L bb r - m pr tutt l vt u md urt. Avv u ur prtlr pr gl mbt d lvr. F rfr prpr p l ttr tm dll Ittut d Atm ptl g, ttlt Lu Arm, ppdv u rf tt l vrtt d O: «Er mr tu, mr», «Srò l tu mrt, mrt» (3,4). U u tt, l dtt. Nl Dd, rrd: «Qul pt d mrrd d - l tg qut prl pr tutt gl fl h p pr qul lug dv l dg tf m p mr rt, prm d rtturl l rp dll tmb. Qul d rtà qul d ur u vt futur pr qull mmg qull prl!». Ttm dll u mm ultur l mmmr d grd mtr dll md, m Gv Alf Mrll, plt vut dl 68 l 679 h Mt rdt m «l prm pdr dll Md uv, dll dr mdr d tud d tutt p d tutt l p - h». Il Brll, llv d Gll Gll, vv trfrmt l u d P u lbrtr d f, d lg d blg, l prm dl md. Mt t h l pr mm dl Brll, md, l 43 4

46 44 ttm D mtu mlum, fu d md: «m l pr rm dl Hlmhlt, dl Ptur, md, fu d md: rgmt grd pr mmr h tutt l rll, p blmt dll u ll ltr, h è pbl qutr mpt u dpl, r l h l dm». Nll mmmr ddt l ptpt dll Sul md plt, Dm tug, f d pr qut gu d: «pr mm h l tug v rtt l mdt prvvdl, tr, d mpr, ll dr md, qul rvmt dl mtd, l u tà, tutt mp dll turl, r tt prlmt dl prft dl pr mdr, d G.B. V, h vv l t ppll l lbr u dr D tr tmpr tudrum rt, prhé dttr ll lr rrh prtt dll prt d f, d tt plmt d mrp». Il t d Bruwh, h frqutv r d Gurprud qull d lg d At Gv, qud gl ptò d ltr l d tug d Dm rll prfr d ptlg md ll Uvrtà d l md ll Opdl dgl Iurbl, r; «D h h t qut mtr, m t vltmt ttrtt dvr md». Mt vvrtv l fftà dll prpr mt qull dgl t flf dll mdrtà plt d urp ttu t. L uv prt rprpv l dmd ultm u prt mtr, ul l vt, l mrt, ull vlu l r. M u tutt rtv lu dmt l rtà pr l mlt. urt pdl, m h vtt ll r dll prf prvt, tlr lltt ult. L prf ft d lur ddv l u prt d rtà. E llr ttr l t dll tr quttrt lr h gl vv dtt tlr l l p d vgg tut. M m l u trrdr tlt dgt, gl dv l u umtà d prl d trtt, l ldrtà frtr dll u fd rt. Md t l h vlut l rh d umrvl pr h l t vd dll u brv vt gl h ftt trr. St l h prlmt l h dll u fd. Ptrbb l tr tmprtà dttrl m mdll d u rvt rl tr m dl md dlr pr dl mlt? Fr, l rpt rà u rfut. S rfltt ull g h l rt pl dll dll tlg d trvt ul rp um l l dr lt d g rgm, h qut pt tt l lt d grdmt dll pr um d u vlr bt, l ttultà dl mdll Mt ppr rrfutbl. Egulmt gt prp gg l tr ur rr. L t d Mt prhé gl pdl tud g prt l Fltà mdh, può r gg u prdgm rr gtv dll tr mprt dll lut, dl mmt h l qudr dm rrpdt è tt mpgt dll r - frm uvrtr. E f l m dl md, d ttut dtlg d u rd, m m v prl rvr l prm ll vd rul u l vt blg vt ludblmt g r um dll t ll mrt. h f rvtr dtmt m qul mbl dll trm umltà, h è l lvd d pd d Ntr Sgr u pt, può r md. h ltv g prvt gm mrt l rmprvr vgl d Lu 4,3: «Md, ur t t!».

47 Blg, um dll prr Mrt Mrgtt ttm Stud tmt d tr dl rtm ppt prtgt dll vt ulturl rlg tl, Fr Blg è mrt Tr ll f dll r lugl. Er t Ml l 9, d u fmgl rgr d rg. Nll u lug ttvtà, h put lbrr dffdr l d fm tr-rlg, u rr ptà d muvr u tm mlt dtt: dll lttrtur rt t ll tr dll h rtd ru, dll rttà mdvl pr d lr p tmpr. Frmt ll ul d Mhl Pllgr (dvut p rvv d Tr), dgl qut h gt ll t dl plug pmt, trmttd l u p pr l rr t d tudt. H llbrt ll t ll vlupp d umr ttu, h h ldt gl l ttut tf dll dpl tr-lttrr rlg ll tr dll uvrtà tl, tr u l Bblt d rlg Erk Ptr, l Rvt d tr lttrtur rlg, t l 965, l Fd Mhl Pllgr, rt l 997 l bttv d rgr vg d tud ffrr br d tud gv rrtr. Nl 97, è tt mt mmbr dll Adm dll S d Tr. A f d qut t ttvtà d tud, h prtpt tllg urtà ll vd dl ttlm tl dl d dpgurr. Adrt Lurt ttl l M, mmbr dl gl ptrl d d Tr tr gl St Sttt, è ttmt mpgt pr ffrr rdt gl trumt pr pr fdmt l gft dll fd rt, dr l rpbltà dll h pr trvmt dll ltà vgl. F lpr l u trvt l vg ll dll h tl Evgl prm um» dl 976: vtt vlgr l rl I ttl ll vt tl dgl ultm trt, ttlò frh - lt pr gl vttt mbt lt l grv m dl ttlm tl dl dpgurr, mp ulturl, plt. I qull, glò l tu fldmt tr dll Dmr rt «l ltt lvgg fr l rrt: dd u lhm d rrt h rprdu lvll d lhm d gvr». D frt u rltà u ttl vv «prdut, pltmt r prm ulturlmt, l pbltà d vlgr qull pr d qulbrt md h, pur m trdd, r l lgt dll trd dm- Pr l tr l lbrtà d dr tutt fu u trtt dttv dl u rtr l ultur u rv dl u grd mr pr l h Mrt Mrgtt, dt d Str tmpr ll Uvrtà d Tr 45

48 46 ttm rt dgpr», Blg rvv u rt prup l td ll frm d u bl ttl rvtr, rrt ull dfv, h rprdv «l t dl vh trgtm, l prò u tu h è rm trmt b dvr» 3. Nll u prpttv, é p d tmp rr, é l «dmpg pltt», é l «dpr» d ttl, ptv r v d ut pr l h pr l Itl u tu d plurlm ulturl plt. Er r, l trr, h rdt fr «ttggmt prt d dlg m prdr rt t l rt, dd vt put mmt d ggrg ulturl l, d prm um vglm drl ì, rd p mpr uv d lbrtà d trvt» 4, prtlr mp plt. Er rlv rt h rprmv h pt dll ultur l, u vv tut gl u frt prfu, rttrt d fdu rptt rpr. Durt l vg u h ttl mdrtà rgt l 4 dll Fd Pllgr, Fr Blg rlvv m h l h vv mltt lugmt ll fl d prtt d tr tr rm rtd «pr fdltà ll dvdulm ggttvt llumt» vr u dr ppt rptt ll trd d u prvv, h vv v m rfrmt «l vlr l dl ggtt, l tru d u tà pù gut d qu u gl hmt l qudr d u tà ldl» 5. Er u td drt rtmt dl prfr, prhé prgud vr l «llmtt tu dll t ggttvm dvdult», rrvv «pr r tr, ll tt d u lbrm gm, ll dutbl prm d drtt dl mrt, ll tà rt d gr dgud ò u pr gg l tà d um h prtd d mpr m l mdrtà» 6. L prr l lbrtà d dr tutt, l vrtù h pdr dll h rrdv r u dt r pr l rt r pr Fr Blg ltt u trtt rttrl fdbl, m l rultt d u ut vltà d hr, l qul tutt mpr l fd prpt u utl qut d fu. L rh dl u gmt dm um prvv dll v h ltt ttrvr l dlg tr pr dvr, r prm, tr pr dll pprt dffrt può trur u rl vv um. L h, ll u pr d u dl Vgl d prm dll um, dvv frmr rdt qut ultur dl dlg, ft m dpbl. Pr qut mtv, Blg rtv h l ultur f tutt rv, qut mpt, è trt dtr. Dv, ftt: «N m qu, rv dll Evgl, fgl dll h, prgr d trrgr, pr rvr l um u frm d rgr l vlt d rt» 7. NOTE F. BOLGIANI, I ttl ll vt tl dgl ultm trt, Evgl prm um. Att dl vg ll. Rm, 3 ttbr 4 vmbr 976, Edtr AVE, Rm 977, p. 73. Iv, p Iv, p Ibdm. 5 F. BOLGIANI, trvt h ttl mdrtà. Att dl vg dll Fd Mhl Pllgr, ur d F. Blg, V. Frr, F. Mrgtt Brgl, l Mul, Blg 4, p Iv, p F. BOLGIANI, I ttl ll vt tl dgl ultm trt, t., p. 79.

49 d qull prtll rl rtt Il 4 lugl r, u fr tmp pptmt vt l r d Gvr, è tt dt l t dll prt d u prtll ubtm fr m rvt. L u rttrth prpl rrpd qull dl b d Hgg, mgl t l grd pubbl m prtll d D. Pr vtr qul quv, v ubt hrt h l pplltv dv è h l frutt d u furb dtrl vlt d rmtr l vdt d u lbr dvulgtv, rtt d Ldrm l 993 u qut rgmt pubblt Itl d Mddr. Il ttl prpt dll utr r L prtll mldtt, pr gfr l prtlr dffltà dll u dtf. M l trm mldtt è tt ttrt qut l trm D, p u ttl d lbr. È rput, ftt, h l pr dll prl D l ttl f hr lt l trtur d lbr. L dtr dl tt d Ldrm l pv b mdfò l rgl tt rupl. Rg d mrt, qud, rt tlgh é flfh. L rm r dll t, muqu, è pù h mrtt: vrrà dftvmt frmt h l uv prtll rvt è prpr l b d Hgg, l dll prtll lmtr frà u tvl bl vt, prttutt, trvrà flmt rpt l qut dll rg dll m h tutt rp dl tr uvr pd. L m è qull prprtà h, qulh md, dà l mur dll r. Mggr è l m d u rp, pù lvt è l rt h l rp pp ll pt. Ah l lgugg mu d h u rp è m qud, pr ptrl, rr pplr pt d ttà fur dll rm. È vdt h l m d qul rp (h dl tr!) è dtrmt dll m d mpt, dll mll h l mpg qud, ultm l, dll m dll lr prtll lmtr. È rrtt qud ffrmr h dll m dll prtll lmtr drv du rttrth prpl (p dm) d tutt qut rd. M l prtll lmtr h u lr m? Evdtmt l dv vr, vt h lr m l pd. E tuttv, l Mdll tdrd tr dmtrt ffm ll pgr l prprtà dll prtll ubtmh d h l lr m dll prprtà trh m vg lr frt dl mp d Hgg ttrvr, pput, b d Hgg. S l prtll lmtr rvr qut md l lr m rbbr h d, m l lu, prpr m l lu, rrrbbr d u p ll ltr dll uvr vr l pbltà d ggrgr frmr truttur tbl m qull d rp h m. I ltr trm, l b d Hgg l tr uvr mplmt trbb. fd L prt dl b d Hgg gf h l uvr è tllgbl, h l u ur è l rl rtt, prfr rdr d tlg Itlg ll Uvrtà d Prug, prdt dl M 47

50 48 fd D qut prt brv, rmt prmplft, pr rult hr l rlv dll prt. è muqu u ltr dr d fr. È trt tr h Ptr Hgg, prfr mrt dll Uvrtà d Edmburg, prp l u tr l 964 f l tt rv prmtl gftv h l mprvr. Qurttt durt qul qull d Hgg vv drt u rpttbl tr, m t d pù. P, flmt, l prv prmtl. Er r u pprhtur rm, mpl, tm, m l lrtr LH d Gvr, pr mttr vd l prtll mldtt, m è rut. ò h vv prdtt Hgg tt mtmt t rlmt. Il prr tv prò è tt l ppt d qull rmlmt gut h prvd prm l rv prmtl p l pg tr. Nl dl b è vut prm u dr tr lgmt pbl, u rt d prv uggrt dll tut dll tllg, p l frm prmtl. Tutt ò h u gft b pr: l uvr è tllgbl. Al u ur t l (h è d tllgbltà), m l tt trr. È qut h h trppt lrm d mm l vh Hgg, prt ll fr tmp.

51 Il mtd dl l Mrll Ml h è l g d dvdur dll prrtà, d rtr vluttv prtv, pr dr dgl bttv d frt ll tu uv u vv l tà l h. Il rfrmt prm è tutt l l Vt II, h, 5 dll lbr, prpm m l pù grd vt pr l h dl XX l. V rhm l tu d fd l mtd prpt, rtrbl vr dumt: dll trltà dll Prl dll Eurt, ll llgltà, pd pr l ltà, g d tmp, lbrtà rlg vlr d g pr dll. hdm llr: m può l M prr fr prr gl h ull gg pr glr g d tmp? h ffr l rgurd l pr d qut qut? Vl l p ttr d rr l l l mm h l h gut. m mtd prt dgl mp. m mp prm, prt dll lttur dl l Vt II, p, dll prpt d P. Hrvé Lgrd ll Fltà Tlg dl Trvt, vt d Aqul : Vr u uv vlt d h. Srvr l Vgl, qut dp l Vt II, m h rt ll tà dtl ttul v d lr», Stud Ptv 59 (/), pp Il l v mtt, m rr glr l tu prfd pr ffrtr l mdrtà. Lgrd rhm l fd d trr l md tmpr pr ulturr l fd rtvtà. Pr: «L d l ttu rtr tlg: l ultur è dttmt l md. U ultur prupp h l tr fd trgg bf dl mutmt». E ludv td Blthr: «L tr, lug dl dpr dll fr rtv, l mp. ( ) Pr rtr fdl t ll u m, l h dv fr u fr tu d v rtv». «I pr d lr p r ffrtt rd flmt dll tr rpbltà. (...) Ahé pgr l tr dffltà, m pt p, lpd l lr, gudgrmm pgrl u dll tr rt ulturr l vt rt u qudr dl tutt uv h, mlvl, dà pù l t p ll rlg?». Ah Eurp, m Itl l Trvt, tutt mrtr dll vltà prrhl L prrtà dl Vt II 5 dp: tt ll Prl, rr d g d tmp, rl vlr dmrt, dltà Mrll Ml, tt rgl dl M dl Trvt 49

52 h 5 trdl rm r, ll t tmp, l bg d r prt du u rlg à l rt. Prhé l tr h, hé dttr ttggmt p pv dfv m f ttulmt, rg rtr prtgt dl lr futur l rv dl Vgl, dd rr l ttt qull 8-9 pr t dll ppl h rggug pù? Suggr qud lu pt, prtr dll llg d mu dl l: l rvlr dl ppl d D u lm d pr dlg, d prtrt d lu rpr ll h; l dltà; l vlupp d u tl d prl pubbl l Vgl; l u dl dlg puttt h dll tm (l md dll mrrd, m dv pp Gv XXIII); l ptà d dr rpt dvrft ll dmd d prtultà d tr tmpr; l vlupp d mpt l mp trrlg (u tm h gg dvt mpr pù urgt ttul, l u vlupp è pp gl, m d u bbm ttm pr, d Dupu Pkkr, dr); l mplmt d m d mu l vlupp d uv lgugg pr l Vgl; l rvt d lu frm dll trplg rt h dv pù ll tr h ll tlg, m l tt ll d gl fftt. M frm du ttltur. ) I tm llg fftt ll mptt dl rdt l vt l vl, r dll rl lu vlr dmrt: l dltà rffr l rpbltà d tutt rt ll vgl l llg d mu flt l vlgmt dl pù gr umr d ggtt; l rmd dll lbrtà rlg è rpt ll h tut ul p vl m t rt. ) Iltr, l Vt II rupr l vlr dll pr qud dll t tr

53 ml dgl ltr pr t qull tlg; l Gudum t p l h prtlrmt tut v h ttt (GS, 6). Qut v prp l dm rll dl rdt ll tr dl u ppl dll u ultur, h qull h ll v d fd pr pr ull muqu ll t mr m l f l rdt (vd l ttdr d rdt l rtl d gtl; l vr dt fr pù h tr rdt rdt è tr rtr dffrt mgl uprfl uppt. N trtt d u prblm tllttult, è u qut d vt, d p, d lt). È l dm dll ltà dll mpg ulturl d vvr ll fd ll rtà. L fd tlg-dgmt dl rpprt l um è l ftt h rt D è ut g um (GS, ). Prò, l dhr Aptlm tuttm r u vt l muvr, l GS dvt l rt dll ttvtà ll dll h l u tr è l um. N drv l tt g d tmp ltt trprtt pr trr fdu l um l md mdr, llu, m h prlu pur, pr fr vvr l pr, pr dvtr pr. U mp d v dl Prmbl ll Sttut dl M, frutt dll r dl l. È u tt l, m utl ll rr dgl lmt h f prt dll tr dvt l m d u tl d vt. Lgg qulh mmt / ttltur. Il tt rt ì: «Nll fdltà l l Vt II, h pr l Mvmt fu vt frvd d mu, d tt d prtp ll prtultà utrt dll Prl d D dll Eurt, d mpt dlg l fth l pr dgl um dl tmp u u è dt d vvr, dvt duqu dv l vt, d pp Gv Pl II rtr l rr l d l Prl d D ull um. Nll mtur dll u pr, l Mvmt h ltvt m tt prrtr: l mpg tlg, pr u fd h r, h p, h rfltt; l prtp ll vt dll h ll; l dll ttd, pr l frm d u vl plt ttt rrpdr ll g dvr d u bu tà u vvr. Rfrmt mprtt vlr d vltà, d lbrtà d dmr prlmt dll ttu dll Rpubbl Itl. A qut vlr, prm l d d mldl, p d d Ambl ttut uvmt l prgrv rdmt dll dmrt, pt dl Mvmt h r rd trbut pu d pr, d pr d vgl, r ttul mprtt pr tutlr drtt fdmtl ldr ll lgltà l qultà dll tr pr dmrt l r d drtt d ttd». Atutt lt rfrmt: qull fdtv (Prl d Eurt), qull prm (l vt dl l mprtt pr l rmut dll vt rt ttul), qull qutd (l pr dll tr um, h è prt dll prl d D ull um), l qul r vlr dll ttu. D qut ffrm tr prrtà frutt d pr mmr: mpg tlg, vt dll h, vl plt. L mpg tlg ttg ll pr. E pr qut rgurd l vt dll h, prl d «pr rg» ptr, d dpd bbd, m d prtp pvl dult d l. A qut prpt l Pp, ll ud dl 9 mgg r, ttlv l prl lltà : «L tr d gg vd du lmt: l ffrm d prt vtr dll tà d tur mmr ull v dl Vgl, ll fdltà ll dttr l dll h ll lltà vr 5

54 5 h Ptr; l m rggmt, l rggmt dl Pp, h v vt prgur t ll mpg fvr d frtll». L «lltà vr ptr» uggr u tr, u frt htt r tr pr dult d u può fdr h prtr l prpr rg, pr h rfltt prpg, p h dtr, lltà htt, fgmt g. Appr p l dbl lgm tr fdultur-md, h ttg dl tt d prt dl M ul u wb l (ll h m ): u d tr trm può r t m é tt, mpr prdr dgl ltr. è u tut l dll fd h fugg l mbmt, m l u mpr ll rdt, l u ultur (h l può urr l t vrttv, l uf d vrtà ), p ttrvr l ultur. Il rdt rd prtr dl ull, d u tvl vut, m d u ultur, u trg. St qu l fdmt lg tlg dl dlg um trulturl trrlg: l m dttà tru m ll dttà dll ltr. I tl tt, l Prmbl prgu l tm dll ttd, l tr prrtà, rgurd ll qul uv rfl tt frmult grupp M l Prgtt mldl (fr. - /9), rhmd l tt l tl d rdt h pr d rt ttd dult. V rtr: ) l qultà dll vt dmrt, h dmd u trll u vrf qut ttd; b) l pr ultrr d tgr urp, h mpl u llrgmt dl tt d ttd, ltr l ul l t, hd l rrd l ldrtà tr tr prfr, è t mrtr trrtrl; ) l ttul dll prf dll prf ddtt tllttul, h l Pp, ll mdm ud dl 9 mgg, ppll ll rt vrtt, pv ll lg dl d. L trprt m tt ll ltr. N trtt l d dr qul, m d rr, glr vlrr l ltr, rpdd ll u tt. «r m, è l lg dl d, u lg p btrttt, h v vlrt ttmt: dr l prpr tmp, l prpr bltà mpt, l prpr tru, l prpr prfltà; u prl, dr tt ll ltr, pttr trmb qut md; v rgr pr qut grd ttm. ì fd l f l b dll ltr, m pr l fltà prfd, d l lg d rt, h h dt tutt t». Su qut ultm ptt l tt ll ltr, m mp tr, pltv, ggug u pr trtt d Lug Srtr, Il dt h u l l (Edtr Grgr, Pdv 5, pp. 88-9): ultur m mtdlg. Prtd dll g d ffr l m, h t pù h l mrtfr ll rmr rp m, tt p, l tlg prpv lu fd mpg prtul mdt l ultur: ) vvr l ultur m dll ltr: m mr, m mm l pur, bì dd l prmt ll pr, ggtt, ll lr tr vv; duqu mr gutr l tr dgl ltr, prvlgr qut vd trr; ) prvr l h m l dvtr Vgl d rtà d mrrd, dvtr u grd, u d ldrtà, rl prf dl Rg, lvlld m rd f, rltà (dv h vlr prm gl ultm ll mbt dll grd pr vr D); 3) prtr dl mp ll um-

55 ml l h è prm: dl mr, m pr dvtr ttl vvd m gl ltr. ì, d ttd, bg mprr vvr l prpr trrtr rprd mbt grd, qudrd l tr vt v prt, pr mrr d f. Ttd qulh rpt ll dmd l u rfrmt l prrtà, pm dr h è tt dl l l tt prmr ll Prl, ll rr d g d tmp ll rl (r lt?) vlr dmrt, ruprd l dltà, h mprt l mmr m, l rpbltà prl, h hd l rgg d fr t l prpr tr tutt vlrd h ò h mbr ulr dll fd, m l u dmd trrg l fd. D u put d vt vl l, g l mpl tt df dll dmr, m l vrf vglt dll qultà dll vt dmrt l ptà ( pbltà) d prdr l prl pubblmt lltà. Emrg m g d tmp l tt ll ltr, ll tr qull h hmm dvr pr ultur, prv d t, l g dl dlg, pr mttr tt u tr tr ultur fd h può rdur l mm dmtr mu, m dv prmttr d vluppr u mb trulturl trrlg u lm d lbrtà. D gu, rr rpr l tt d uvrltà: t m glbl, m m ttggmt h rr llrgr l rl; è utà ll dvrtà, mprd ugr glbltà lltà; prlll, v è l g d rpr llrgr l tt d ttd. (Rfl tut l 3 ttbr r V dll tr dl M dl Trvt 5 dll prtur dl l Vt II) 53

56 ll rgt 54 Ut uum t: l prl dll prghr rdtl d Gù ll Ultm rhm ll fdltà l Vgl El Brmur, tt dl M d Prug U l El Brmur Nll rrr dl tmp tr ll mt d u rdt mlt p vgl pg dll Bbb, h m l l r h mpg l mm dll vt. Nll vrtà ll mltpltà d mtv, p h gu bb u lt mtv prvlt, u prl-hv h pù d ltr l h gt. Nl m l mtv dmt è dt dl p dll prghr d Gù: «h u l, prhé l md rd» (Gv 7,). LA PREGHIERA DI GESÙ Prdm l p luv dll grd prghr, dtt rdtl, d Gù ll Ultm, dl Vgl d Gv (7,-6): «N prg l pr qut, m h pr qull h rdr m mdt l lr prl: prhé tutt u l, m tu, Pdr, m t, h, prhé l md rd h tu m h mdt. E l glr h tu h dt m, l h dt lr, prhé u l m m u l. I lr tu m, prhé prftt ll utà l md h tu m h mdt h l h mt m h mt m». GESÙ MODELLO DI PREGHIERA Qut grd prghr l l prm: «ì prlò Gù. P, lt gl h l l, d: ( )» (Gv 7,). Gù vv l Pdr u rpprt d tu llqu l d gr d tt. Tutt l u gmt ull prghr dt dpl flu l Pdr tr. Il ptl 7 dl Vgl d Gv prt u prghr pl, h v dp u dr d dd, dp l lvd d pd, ll mm dll p mrt. H u rttr l tt d mbrr plt d bt ll u t gtultà, m u d tmplr ltr h u v d ltr. Gù, «lt gl h l l». U gt ut, h f rfrmt l «Pdr h è l» (Mt 6,9), vr l qul Gù vlg l gurd m l mmt drmmt dll rurr d Lr (Gv,4). Qut prghr è dtt gutmt rdtl prhé è drttmt rpprtt l rf h vrrà umt l dm, l Vrdì t, qud Gù rlrà l u rp ffrt ull r l rf uprm dll vt dvd mm prftt rdt, ll t tmp vttm rf. IL OMMENTO DI RATZINGER-BENEDETTO XVI A qut prghr, l u Gù d Nrt, d prt, Jph Rtgr-Bdtt XVI dd l IV ptl (pp. 9-8). U mmt ttt, prfd, rgl. Egl

57 brmur l l mplv d qut prghr, ffrmd ull prt h mggrmt qu tr, dmd d qul utà Gù bb prlt. Il dr dl Pp è rvlt prttutt mttr du l trprt d Bultm d u l utà d u prl Gù è d rttr md, é vbl, é trllbl, m dl tutt lgt ll u dll Prl h ttu l l fdmt dll mutà d dpl dl Sgr. Gl ptt trr md d h l frmul dttrr dgmth, d Bultm, ft d dv. Rtgr rpd vlgd u ttt l dl pr d Gù lud h l utà d Lu t è prpr l utà dll h, h m mutà vt dll Prl, m h frmt grtt dl mtr dgl ptl r vbl gt rmtl, ll u ptl, l Srttur l mbl dll fd. Rtgr-Bdtt XVI t h Gv 7, l tt mggrmt tt mp um. «Ed è b ì, mmt, ffrm pltmt: «L prghr d Gù pr l utà h d mr prpr qut, h mdt l utà d dpl l vrtà dll u m rd vbl gl um. L utà dv pprr, r rbl, rbl prmt m qul h ltrv l md t» (p. ). I OMMENTI DI GIOVANNI PAOLO II E DEL ONILIO Qut prghr ttu ll u pr pù tt l ttl d u tr l d Gv Pl II, ll qul v mmtt, rut vluppt tutt l gmt dl l Vt II: Ut uum t (995). Gv Pl II mmt ì l prghr: «Gù t ll r dll u P h prgt prhé tutt u l (Gv 7,). Qut utà h l Sgr h dt ll u h ll qul gl vul bbrr tutt, è u r, m t l tr t dll u pr. Né quvl u ttrbut dr dll mutà d u dpl. Apprt, v ll r t d qut mutà. D vul l h prhé vul l utà ll utà prm tutt l prfdtà dll u gp» (Ut uum t, 9). Attr qut tm può dr h rut tutt l mpl tmt dl l Vt II, l l drt Utt rdtgrt ull umm, h h dt ll tgr dll utà l u ttl mp u prfdtà prm rtrtt ll utà fl l h dtt, ludrl, ltr l rtl trmd dll u ttu: «Dv du pù ut l m m» (Mt 8,). All utà d dpl Gù h dt l fd l d prt dl md h Lu è tt mdt dl Pdr: «Prhé l md rd S prftt ll utà l md h tu m h mdt h l h mt m h mt m» (Mt 8,.3). UNA PREGHIERA MAI ONLUSA Srg pt l dmd: l prghr d Gù è rmt ltt? rtmt, h l u p ttu vrà ll ultm tmp (ht), vd trvt tl ll dpbltà dgl um rvr l d d D. Qut pt è ì grv h rd v l r d rt gl h dl md v trtr l fd Gù lu h l h mdt. L rr dll utà, qud, v dtfr l rr d fdltà l Vgl l d dll Sprt. L umm è ltr. E è ltr, rv pr rr dgl lb h h rltr l Vgl. L prghr d Gù, l p dl rp h è l h, t ll Ultm, è m lu. tu ll mmbr dl u rp rf dll dv dl pt rlt dll Dv mrrd h d fr grmglr vrgult d ttà d gr ll u h. I qut rfltt l lu dll u glr h t dpl l md d lr l gurd vr l l. ERRATA ORRIGE Nl umr -/ d l rtl L m prft d Mur (pp. 5-5) è ppr rrmt l frm d d Frd Agl. I rltà l trbut, trtt d u tt pù mp ttlt Pt Gr Mur gà pubblt ull rvt Stud Str Rlg. /, è d Pqul D rtfr. L Rd u l Autr, d Agl, Stud Str Rlg lttr tutt pr l grv rrr. 55

58 R rl Mr Mrt - Prl ll h, Prl ll ttà EDB 9, pp L rg dl rdr. Srtt trvt Mddr I Mrd 56 S r mlt vv l mbt ttl l, rrd l m utt dll mpr dl rdl rl Mr Mrt. Vrrmm h rrdrl ttrvr u d tt lt h gl h trm: u lbr. Nll r vt bblgrf d Mrt p du pr gftv. Prl ll h, Prl ll ttà rgl tutt l Lttr ptrl Dr h rl Mr Mrt h rtt ll mutà rt ll tà vl ml vtdu dll u pr ll rd. Dp l u gr Ml, l fbbr dl 98, m. Mrt ttmbr drò ll u h ll l u prm lttr ptrl: L dm tmpltv dll vt; mpr ll t, l 7 dmbr, dll ft dl ptr St Ambrg, l rvv r u ltr ll ttà: Dr u u v. I gut Mrt drò g ll d ll ttà u lttr, l u ut, ltr d r mlt tt, dv h u u dtrl. Nl, mt l u dm pr lmt d tà d rvv, l Lttr Dr tt rlt u vlum trdtt dll llr vr grl, d r vv d Pv, Gv Gud. Dp vr rrdt gl mbt l pulrtà d dttr, m. Gud pg l rg pr l qul «trvt ì dvr, pr gr lttrr pr dttr, pr tm pr mdltà d tur, p tr m», dd l u ft dll qul è turt l mgtr ppl d rl Mr Mrt: «Il Vgl d Gù rt, hv trprttv dl Prm Ttmt, m h d g ttggmt dl ur um». Dll lttur d m dll Lttr ptrl d Dr d Mrt mrg l prfd lgm dll rvv l d l ttà, «l dm d mu ll, l gft vl dll u dll fd» d «u rpr lrg d h» u gl b l u prmur d ptr «rdr d frtll mpr l mtr, l f d dfr l rp d rt». Il vv d Pv, l rbdr «l prfd utà dl dg, ltr h l utà dll ft l utà dl mtd» dgl trvt ll vl dl rdl, vt l lttr «fr l u prt pr tur l mm trt». L rg dl rdr è l ttl dl Mrd Mddr d p ut h t u mp lt d r prtul, dr, mdt lttr dl mpt rd-

59 l. urt d d Dm Md d Vrg Ptgg, l vlum è dv tr prt gu dll qul prd l ttl dll ttà mblggt tr ur prt ll tmm rvvl dl rdl «rh d prfd gft tr, mrl, vtv h mt». L prm è ddt Grulmm, l ttà u «D è rvlt dv l Prl è rut l md pù lt v Gù». I rlt tr r d r prtul (Abrm tr pdr ll fd, Dvd ptr rdt, Gl r g ll lu dl Vgl d Gv) h mtt fu lu fgur bblh rlvt, l dlgtrvt vr ttur Grulmm u grupp d trvt lgt l rul d Grulmm dl ppl br ll tr dll umtà dll h. L d rgurd Rm, l ttà mbl «dll tru prtul dl rp ll», mprd du r d Er prtul (L f d Ptr L l dll lbrtà) ddt Ptr Pl l trdl l dll h, è r qul u rdr, h ffr rfl «ull ldtà dll d d fd ull p trr h può fdr» gl trvt dl rdl ll vr d dll ttdr d rdt, trt «gr tr dlg tr l rdt l rdt (h vv g um) rrdr h fd rdultà m u d prtul tblmt qut». L ultm è ddt Ml, «lug dl rt r dl mtr ppl d Mrt», tlg l prm qu Lttr ptrl drt ll d (tr u l t L dm tmpltv dll vt, I prp l Prl, Fr prm), l Lttr S rl, l lttr ll ttà Alt, v Nv, l grd ttà! lu tr pù gftv Dr d t Ambrg. L lttr gl trvt l lr m rlv «gl ptt fdmtl d u h h vul r fdl l Vgl t, rtrvr l prpr rd pr rgvr dr frutt» ttm «u mm d pr dll h u trrtr u tr pf», mttd b rlt «l rul d Ml m pt tr Ort Odt, tr Nrd Sud, f u ttà d mb d tgr tr ultur vltà». L pr t h u gg trduttv d Frru Prl, u bgrf d Mr Gr d è rrht dll pù mplt bblgrf dl rdl m pubblt f d gg. Nll lgt vlum ptr ì trvr mtd, trumt put d rfl pr drr, pprfdr rr l mm d fd. L mpt bbl, l ld dttrl, l frm l mgtr l p um prtul d rl Mr Mrt rpprt u ptrm d u gud ur d u ptr trrr gmt pr dr ( rdr) l vgr ll rg dl rdr. 57 T bh

60 Mr Sgr Prlgm d u uv/t d d Wlfr P MultMd Edtr, 58 è u trrgtv, dpprm rtturt p kt d hdggr m, h ttrvr tutt l vlum d Mr Sgr (rdr d Flf mrl ll fltà d Em dll Uvrtà d L, gà pr-rttr dll mdm Uvrtà, hé prdt dl Grupp M d L): h è l um?. U dll pbl rpt è frt dll Autr t, ttrvr l u grd p d tud ttd dl md, h trm g pg dl tt h ubt f pr d u prgrmm d vt prpt l lttr. Qut rv Sgr p rvt, qu d g prd h rr rmg b mpr pr fulm m ltrì v h rpprt gl ut d u pr put trpput fmt rt dt ( rptt umr lugh mu tt pù dmt qut pù fdt tfmt). E u mp: «u gurd ttt ll frgltà h p l ff tr l frtu dll rrvbltà dll vlupp m/fr, gl trpp dffltà l uff dgl but u dl wlfr d prm mr l tà d fr p d u pù r trvt dll Stt, prhé, dll d prvt». Imm, prptt l pbltà d u vv fr ttlm d trvtm prvt. M è l qut l tm tt ll dm dll tud l, h vr prp u rvt dl tt d tt dl br, d tt prvvdl (l fr Étt Prvd), d tdr hv ptrlt m d u mpt h prvd u vlgmt drtt d ttd. D qu drv h l prpt d «pr l lvr ltr l lvr». L tt m mp è pù trdplr h multdplr, m mtr l t mp dl mtt tf dll ll d u l lbr m f prt: f blg, mt flf. N Sgr t h d d vvturr trr prpr dd prlutrr trrtr dll m. Ed llr è qu h prd l bbrv l u rvr h mbr bbvrr, fr l ltr, ll ft d Otu d vg dl M mrtrmt rgt m Pr Lrt. S h prv gr ll vr t h rmd ll mt blg Stf Zmg d l lg fr Srg Ltuh. L t lt d ptl brv d u rp tpgrf b lggbl l d lug ull tt ddl prt dll pg d Prlgm d u uv/t d d Wlfr. Qut ultm rtt prvlgr l tt d frtrtà rptt qull d lbrtà d ugugl. Il h pr u rt plm rgurd dll mrtr h mr lr tr t dll dffr d b: «l prdp d grgl lttv ugul pr tutt, ftt, rà m grd d gr-

61 tr pr pprtutà pr gl rrt». Ed llr h l d d mrt v rtrprtt, rmtt m d Sgr, ll pr d qull d wlfr, pr frl dvtr «trumt d mm d gut drmtr». A ò l utr ggug rmt l «prt dll utrltà/ggttvtà (ull dgl trumt è mpr glbl u rt lqut d dubtbltà». L ptà d Sgr t h ll dr ltr l d dll md dl mmt. I fftt upr l rrt d u tà dl rh (ll mr dl td Ulrh Bk) prfgur u flbltà h trfrm prrtà. L t d pr l Bg Sty prpttt dl prmr gl mr: rbb v prfrbl tr ugl ptt d «rlltà» «rpbltà», h prpumt rmd d u prdt pr dll t Sgr dl ttl L gurd dll rpbltà. Plt, m t pr u trptrm rll (Studum, Rm 6), prò dulgr tt vtrprlth vtrmutr, vt h Mrt Mur m tt. S ff puttt l tm dll m hv pù rttl h r u prtur uv h v tr l qut d bg, rhmt d Mrth. Nubum, ggtt d pf d mp trtt h prt fr l ltr d vdr u, ll flf, d u «t ll ltr, ll trd, h rttr l um, l l um d tutt tmp d tutt l ultur, m è ttmt dl ult d mrt, dll tru d tmpl, dll mprt dll rlg ll tr d ppl». Imm Nubum l prup è pù -rgltv h rtt l prturl. M qut è vr rgurd l ltrttt l è l u t vr l rl dll r um l d là d g Prdtt tr lrd. S trvd qu u dgrmm d flu (rlvt d Sgr ll t 5 d p. 59) h prt d Mrx, ttrvr l mt d Amrty S gug Nubum pr ttlr h rr «grtr tutt ttd l pbltà d rtr l prpr ptà d lt». Prltr l dpbltà d rr bt d l rlvr l qut d wlfr prhé v h ffrtt l qut dll lr ll, mm dll lr dt ull rt d u pù hr pr «dl b». Imm è u vr prpr fd ll m d qull dll r prtlr, pr u v u «rvlu dll rl -mh plth» l gurd rvlt l «prgtt d lv rd». A qut put può dr gà ubt drttmt ll lu dv rbd l rul fdmtl dll ft ( u tu m l l dr tutt mrdl m l tà d rhmr l pr dl lg br Fr ) «h ll u ltà lbr l tutt, gld l rh dll dvrtà lbrd l prt d frtrtà [r!] h rlm l lt dl dvr, hmt dr l u trbut l dlg, l plf dll v ltt prpr dll glrtà». Ed llr lbrtà frtrtà tr ugr m mgl «rlr». L ldrtà durkhm rt ll pll, m pur l tt wbr dll «gutf dl md», mtr llt puttt «l vlr dll tt ll dvrtà». Qut lt d mp rpprt duqu l r tgry dl dr dtt d Mr Sgr. Ed, frd u p l lttr dll rtt dll putggtur m mp dll utr, ptrbb ur l pr d 59

62 6 - «lbrtà pt» pr ttlr u hv d lttur h ft l tà d «vtr ll dvrtà» (vr, lgg ttulmt d «lbrtà, pt, prò, trr dlg»), u «rl rlr» tr frtrtà, dlg lbrtà. Tutt ò rl mdt u «vr trplg» h rp l r um l tr dgl tr gl tr m l tr dll tà. L bttv è d u mggr rh d bg um h prò rltv gl ptt m fr. I trm plt Sgr l gl lmt rttrt d u rpr dll dm um: «M l rfrmt ll r rprl, ll ph, ll t, ll mrt, ll gv, ll vh, ll d, l, ll ggrvtà, ll mr, ll trd». Qu l qu è ul, può r ltt hv h plt mtrr r u vlt l d d lu tv pulr dl M: m rrdr, prpt, l trrdr pr dtt Mlmtl, l r d u Sttm tlg d qulh f ul t d t? L lt mplt p l «rr l mprt dll g, dl dlr, dll t». Tl pvl u frutt tt m drv d multpl mpl. D qu rg l tà d u trdplrtà m «tgr rflv d dvr pr rt l r um» h vr d l è vt, dl flf mtmt Drt m d tmpr Krl Pppr Edgr Mr («u tt b ftt», pput) m r trv gl u flf h g gl tudt d m è r vt m u tru, u «tr fgur», u utr d u «gt tmrr». Il f d rggugr è qull d u ltr tp d glbl: «d lu vlr l, tr prm rtmt l vlr dll ldrtà, h h m rfrmt uvrl, fdtv, l pr um». Duqu qut vlr dll ldrtà, h u prm prt dl vlum mbrv tt, trumtlmt, pr dr p ll frtrtà d ll lbrtà, rtr gll u tt pù mp, pltr, m «u prpttv h p prmttr l rl prm ll p ll gut». Gl ultm tr ptl dl vlum tr l mrt d qut pfh: l wlfr, l pblt ptltà, l gut, ll rd. Rbrt pr

63 frmmei Numr / Ftt mmt ul M, ull h ull ttu Itl Eurp r m, mldl, durt l ultm Sttm Tlg, bbm ltt dll v d Bpp El l prpt llr r mlt hmt d u r d tv p d vlgr tr grupp l rrd d 5 dll dl Vt II. Prhé l prpt f trprtt m l vt u pur tt frml d rrd d qull vt, m dv u prp pr fr l put ull tt d ttu dl l ll tr h pr lbrr prpt d rl ttul, l b dl p d ttvtà tmplv uggrmt u pfh l d pprfdmt m d tmprl b dft. L prpt è tt p rpr, du mplt dl gl l ll dut dl 7-8 vmbr r. N è ut l dumt, drtt tutt grupp ll, rdmt rgl gl rvtr, h ptt lggr qu d gut. S rt h l rpt qut vt rà, m l tr tl, gr qulft. Srà u ultrr rprv dll tr ptà d lvrr md f vtgg dll h dll Stà tl. U l lut rdl d tutt l Prd u frvd ugur d bu lvr. rl rtt Prdt l MEI qut f l l. E dp? Obttv A 5 dll d lvr dl l Eum Vt II, l MEI td rprdr lu dgl gmt prvt d qull vt rgl prft pr dgr qut l tr dll umtà dll mutà rt d qut ultm d d dbtr, pr mprdr qul mm tt prr trrtt, pr rr m qul v pr ll u dl Vgl gl um ll d d qut tmp pr gl vr. Il MEI vul vvr prtlr u lttur pl dll tu dl tr P, u trt dv dll tr tl: gurdd dtr l rltà dll tà tl, gld l prfd mrrmt, l pur dl futur, l ffumt d vd th f d lu f (fr l pprtmt?) ld du, pr put d rfrmt dll frmmei

64 II vt d gl dll mutà, dld uv rtr d gud, gl tl d vt rdtt, mdll prdgm ulturl dmt. S prltr dulgr trl ttrfm, m rd g d pr h turlmt prt. Il prgtt h l MEI td prprr h lu fltà pfh: ) vlgr tutt prpr grupp u ttvtà d tud, d lbr, d prmt tr d u r d tm dv prpt dl gl l, d u mdll gà prlmt prmtt dll lbr dl Prgtt mldl l 8; b) trur u llbr ltr ggrg ll ( tutt, h vgl muvr u lg dr pr dvdr d, prpttv prpt, m h grupp rt h prm uv bltà muqu u frt mpg pr l rvmt ll); ) ffrr ll mutà rt trumt (d prpt) pr rdr vgr d u tg lr pprtmt urt h v mlt h r d prmr; tl f l MEI mtt dp dl prgtt prpr rvtr tmt (mbt d rlt d dumt/dt d lbr urt d prt d vr dpl). S ptr ltr vlgr, h lvll ll, ttut d rlg, fltà tlgh. Il prgtt è qud flt l lbrr 5 dl l, m prttutt rpr, prtd d qull vt grd, l mutt tu tr d ll dr, prvlgd u ppr pù rtt tm dll u vgl dll pr d rt u tt l, ulturl prtul rdl trfrm. S dmtr h mlt rdt dll tr h, mr d prt dll gr pù gv, h vut l p dl l dll mmdt pt-l, qud p l vlr l prtt. Qut prgtt h l mpt d dr v h, ll h ( h fur d ), h vgl tr prlr d qut prblm. Il prgtt vul r u p u tmp d r dll lbrtà, dl dlg, dl frt. Tm Du l l tmth u grupp hmt rflttr, tudr prprr. ) L u dl Vgl ll tr d gg, prtlr rfrmt qut prr: ) l rvmt dll plt dll prtp pr l tru dll ttà d dm (dmr, ttd, tgr, pr trl, p, u uv v pr l futur); ) lvr, m gut l (uv mdll pr u tà rdlmt mbt); 3) l lvgurd dll mbt l futur dll umtà; 4) l fmgl d frt ll t dll ultur dr; 5) l du l tmp dll mu; 6) l tru dll p rpprt trprl l md glblt. Qut tm dvrbbr r ffrtt rfrmt d lu mp prblmth grl: - l t pubbl l t prvt ( u pulr tt h ll t dl lvr d

65 III ll t ll gt dll rr, turl ); - l ultur plth h l prt tt truttur l tm plt tl, gr qulf l lgugg l mu ll mplv fr pubbl, fgur fgur l b mu; - prdgm rrtmt, p rtmt, dttt ll lttur dll r m l qut dll tbltà dll vlupp dl put d vt dll tm; - l qut th gl trrgtv ull vt ull mrt, ll mrgr d uv mdll d rl trprl. Mlt d qut tm rpprt l tu, l ggrmt l t dll rfl dl MEI ttut l Prgtt mldl dl 8. b) trur u h prft, rfrmt qut ptt: b) l l dll u vgl ll ttul tt prtul, t ulturl; b) rpbltà, mtr rv ll h ll tu tl d gg rfrmt qut può ptr dl prm futur; b3) vr u h d mu u h dl; b4) l m ll l truttur prrhl: t md uv pr trprtr l prtp ll vt dll h? b5) l d ll h. Qut tm vg prpt pr lmtr u rfl ul futur dll h; qud rhd l u l dl prt, m prttutt u fr rtv, l rr d uv prpttv, l rgg d dvdur mm rgl. Mtd Il prgtt vlupp ll r d du rtl ll gut f: f ) Apprv dl prgtt d prt dl gl l prt dll t tutt grupp MEI ttrvr tr rgl trrgl. Il gl l m u grupp d rdmt dl prgtt h pr tt l rpbltà dll Prd l. L Prd l prt l prgtt ll ll rt ll h dhr trt prtprv. Tmp d ttu: tr dmbr. f b) I gl grupp MEI dvdu, ll tr dll prpt dl gl l l mbt ( gl mbt) u u td lvrr (l prm ll r d du ) l mu l grupp d rdmt. Tmp d ttu: tr g 3. f ) g grupp MEI può rtlr l u prtp l prgtt ll frm h rt pù pprtu: ttrvr tr prt, grupp d tud mr, lbrtr, frm d prmt, ttv d trumt frmt ddt (frum, tr). L tv m tt d grupp dvr, v pbl, vlgr ltr ggrg ll, d u dll fltà h t ll rg d qut prgtt. È fdmtl h l tv m mp ftt r l grupp d rdmt l, md d ptrl h dvulgr.

66 IV È pbl h tlu rg l tv rlt ttrvr l llbr d grupp trrtrlmt v, l lmt, rlt lvll rgl. I dumt rlt d tl tv (tt d rl, t d grupp d lvr mr, l prpt, tr) vrr trm l grupp d rdmt l. Tmp d ttu rltv l prm : tr mgg 3. F d) Il grupp d rdmt, rgld gl ptt pù gftv prvt d grupp ll, lbr u prm t. Tmp d ttu: tr lugl 3. F ) Sttm tlg mldl (gt 3) ddt: - ll m d lu d tm prpt, l ul d prt; - ll pprfdmt d tm lt ttrvr lbrtr d tud. F f) gr l dl MEI (vmbr 3), l qul r du prm rtmt mrt d lu fr tm ffrtt l prgtt. F g) I grupp tu l lr ttvtà pr l d gud gl t rtr dt ll f. Tmp d ttu: tr prl 4. F h) Il grupp d rdmt, rgld gl ptt pù gftv prvt d grupp ll, lbr l t fl ( l d d lu prpt pr l h tl). Tmp d ttu: tr lugl 4. F ) Sttm tlg mldl (gt 4, l prtp d rpprtt dll ggrg vlt l prgtt), ddt: - ll pprfdmt d lu d tm prpt, l ul d prt; - lbrtr d tud h m d tgr l dumt d t. F j) Ambl l dl MEI (ttbr-vmbr 4), ll qul vrr frmult l prpt pr l h tl mrt tm ffrtt l prgtt rlt l dumt d t, r lbrt gl rtmt dl MEI pr l tr uv.

67 UNA PIAZZA PER INONTRARSI UNA PIAZZA PER DISUTERE UNA PIAZZA PER RESERE INSIEME ENTRA ANHE TU NELLA OMMUNITY DEL MOVIMENTO!