Betontex : Composite Materials System for Construction, Strengthening and Reabilitation; The L Aquila Experience.

Transcript

1 Betontex : Composite Materials System for Construction, Strengthening and Reabilitation; The L Aquila Experience. Prof. Lino Credali - Ing. Gianluca Ussia Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.R.L. - Bologna ATHENS EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LABORATORY Thursday, February 24, 2011

2 ARDEA PROGETTI e SISTEMI s.r.l. Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l. is a leading Italian Company, created in 1993 with a high level of specialization in FRP applications Marine Applications (Mine hunters, American Cup Racing Boats) Aerospace Components (Antenna, Mechanical Components) Sport Helmets and Balistic Protection Sports Tools (Ski, Sport Cars Frame, Motobike Wheels) Application in Structural Buildings Recovery- Construction Fiber Waving and Prepregs Resins Formulation Chemistry and Spinning of High Modulus Fibers

3 Ardea Organization ARDEA PROGETTI E SISTEMI S.r.l. PRODUCTION AND SALES DESIGN TECHNICAL SERVICE FIBERS WAVING FTS s.p.a. RESINS FORMULATION Ardea S.r.l. Ardea S.r.l. Design Technical Service Ardea S.r.l. Applications Technical Service Ardea S.r.l.

4 FRP - COMPOSITE MATERIALS Composites Materials were created in the 50 as an answer to existing technical needs related to the Aerospace Competition, in terms of : Very High Mechanical Properties Lightness High Fatigue Resistance High Corrosion Resistance Taylor Made designed materials

5 Composites History In the 50 the large development of synthetic fiber technology (nylon, polyesther, acryrilic) made possible the intruduction of high performance fibers in the market: - Glass Fibers (1955) - Aramid Fibers (Kevlar) ( ) - Carbon Fibers ( ) - Ceramic, Bore, LCP fibers (1980)

6 Fibers Properties Tensile Strength (MPa) Tensile Modulus (GPa)

7 WHAT ARE COMPOSITES MATERIALS (FRP) MATRIX + REINFORCE = COMPOSITE - FIBRE provides the Strength and Stifness - MATRIX provides the shape and transfers forces to fibers Matrices: Polymeric Resins, Metal, Ceramic Reinforces: Glass, Carbon, Aramid, LCP, Continuous Filaments Fibre Matrice In Composites : σ c = σ f x V f E c =E f x V f + σ m x V m + E m x V m Prof. Lino Credali 7 Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

8 NEEDS 1992-SCAFO evele Moro di Venezia Lightness and rigidity of the hull SOLUTION Sandwich Structure Skin in Carbon fiber Lamina crossed unidirectional fabrics Thickness 2 mm Core: Nomex Honney comb Hull and sails of American Cup Racing Boats

9 CARBON SAILS (Credali and Cayard Patent, 1992) Needs: To combine carbon brittleness with sail flexibility and folding capacity (1992) Solution: A combination of a carbon fabric with a flexible plastic film (Polyolefine) Carbon fiber gives rigidity The plastic film gives flexibility and folding capacity, by reducing the bending diameter of the fiber.

10 Motobike World Championship Wheels RUOTE PER MOTO SUPERBIKE NEEDS: Rigidity and crash resistance SOLUTION: Hybrid Composites Based on Carbon and Aramid Fiber

11 Composites in Construction The use of composites for structural recovery in construction starts in 1986 in Japan for the repair of buildings damaged by earthquakes. In 1993 laboratory tests begin in Italy at University of Bologna followed by large scale commercial applications ( from 1996). In 2004 The Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) published the National Regulation Rules for Composites Application in Construction. CNR DT 200/2004 for concrete and masonery structures CNR DT 201/2005 for wood structures CNR DT 202/2005 for steel structures 1 1

12 COMPOSITES IN CONSTRUCTION Main Properties High mechanical properties. Carbon fiber are five time more resistant compared to steel. Lightness. Density of the fiber 1,8g/cm3 - compared to steel 8 g/cm3. No invasivity. Reinforce is applied on the external surface with a very low thickness 1-2 mm. No corrosion. No maintenance is required. High fatigue resistance. High dissipation of deformation and vibration energy (earthquakes and heavy traffic vibrations) Seismic Retrofit : taking advantage of Lightness and High Mechanical Properties Reversibility. Reinforces can easily removed without structure damage. Easy application. Thanks to low weigth does not need handling apparata.

13 Fiber Selection Material selection is related to: Mechanical model of damage Quality of existing materials Reinforce performance required (Durability) 1 3 Structural model of carbon fiber at different level of thermal treatment (1100 and 2000 C)

14 Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Unidirectional fabrics Wire: is formed by macrofibers Bidirectional fabrics

15 Fiber: Carbon Lamina 70% of volume Matrix: Epoxy Resin 30% of volume

16 Glass Fibers

17 Aramid Fibers

18 R & D Ardea is devoting many efforts in research and development. Many important Patents have been filled. BETONTEX : thermo welded fabrics ARDFIX : Connectors ARDWOOD : wood reinforcing system Betontex Tie: Walls reinforcement, prestressing systems

19 Betontex Products Thermowelded dry fabrics for in situ lamination, carbon, aramid, glass and hybrid fibers Unidirectional biax and multiax fabrics from 300 g/m 2 to 600 g/m 2 Thermowelded biax net from 150 to 300 g/m 2 Rods; Connectors Pultruted Lamina Cable Ties Epoxy resin systems New Resin Systems, water based, no burning

20 Reinforcement Application by Hand Lay Up 1 Surface cleaning and reconstruction 2 Epoxy Primer layer 3 Epoxy mortar 4 Impregnation Epoxy resin - 1 layer 5 Reinforcing Fabrics 6 Impregnation Epoxy resin - 2 layer 7 Blasting of quartz sand for other treatments 8 Plaster or Paint Protection

21 Application drawing: Lamina Application by epoxy adhesive Primer Adhesive Epoxy LAMINA 1-Epoxy Primer Application over support surface 2-Epoxy Adhesive should be applied both over beam surface and over lamina

22 Reinforcement application by Lay Up and Lamina USE OF EPOXY RESINS EPOXY RESINS ARE BICOMPONENTS Component A Resin Component B Hardener Hardened Resin C + = Liquid A Liquid B Crosslinked Solid Structure C

23 Outside Reinforce : Application of reinforce at exterior side of structure will contribute: Tensile strength : Strength is given to materials (Concrete, massonery) that do not show this properties. Cracks Confining : cracks opening is prevented Structure confining : Columns and buildings belting.

24 BETONTEX Application Examples in Construction All described solutions have been adapted in retrofitting of L Aquila after the earth quake of 2008

25 After ten years of experience in composites in construction, the following applications can be indicated CONCRETE STRUCTURES: Beams and Slabs reinforcement to flexure and share Pillars and columns reinforce to compression and flexure Arches and galleries reinforcement Belting of building structure Cracks propagation control MASONRY STRUCTURES: Cracks diffusion control in walls Walls reinforcement Pillars reinforcement Arch and vaults reinforcement Belting of Buildings

26 Applications Design MASONRY

27 Fiber reinforcement application example Bracing wall Masonry Fiber Reinforcement

28 Application of fiber reinforcement in a concrete and bricks house Fiber reinforcement of masonry building is mainly made by belting (Reinfocement rings)of the complete building; The example is related to a villa in Bologna (2000); The hooping reinforcement concept is now a conventional application of fibers in masonry constructions.

29 Facade reinforcement GRAND HOTEL of ALASSIO

30 Windows and Doors Lintels Reinforcement Grand Hotel of Alassio- Italy Outside and Inside reinforcement are connected by Ardfix System

31 Ardfix Connectors between outside and inside fiber tapes Original design: hundred steel connectors for m 2 Carbon Fiber Design

32 MASONRY WALLS reinforcement examples

33 Application Design BEAMS AND SLABS: BENDING AND SHEAR

34 EXAMPLES OF BEAM REINFORCEMENT Bending reinforcement Shear and Delamination Control with U shaped tapes Shear and Delamination Control with Ardfix Connectors

35 University of Bologna Politecnico of Milano

36 LABORATORY TESTS ON BEAMS Università di Bologna

37 HIGHWAY BRIDGES BEAMS REINFORCEMENT OVER TEVERE RIVER, 1997

38 BEAMS REINFORCEMENT TO SHEAR

39 Application design Vaults: Extrados - Intrados Arches: Intrados

40 General Diagram for Vaults Reinforcement Longitudinal Tapes Transverse Tapes Reinforcement Fiber Tapes may be positioned at extrados or intrados of the Vault

41 Escalator Vault: Intrados application of unidirectional fiber tapes

42 PROSPECTIVE VIEW

43 Escalator Vaults: Unidirectional Fiber Tapes Positioning for Cross Vaults

44 VIEW OF VAULTS after strengthening with unidirectional carbon fibers CROSS VAULT

45 PAVILION VAULT: Extrados Positioning of Fiber Tapes

46 EXTRADOS VIEW

47 VAULT OF DUOMO IN CARPI Spherical Vault Extrados Fiber strengthening

48 INTRADOS ARCH REINFORCEMENT Connection between intrados and horizontal reinforcement with U shape tape

49 FACADE AND ARCHES REINFORCED BY FIBER TAPES

50 Applications Design COLUMNS and PILLARS

51 SQUARE PILLARS

52 COLUMNS OF CINEMA CAPITOL - BOLOGNA

53 CIRCULAR COLUMNS

54 Concrete Columns and beams reinforcement Alba, 30 Novembre Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

55 Concrete Columns and beams reinforcement Status before rehabilitation

56 Concrete Columns and beams reinforce after rehabilitation Alba, 30 Novembre Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

57 PILLARS REINFORCEMENT EXAMPLES

58 COLUMN AT DUOMO OF CARPI - ITALY The carbon coating has been perfectly molded on column without increasing thickness A surface sand treatment has given the perfect original appearance

59 NEW DEVELOPMENT BETONTEX TIE BETONTEX ARAMID TIE HM are cables made by aramid fibres, with a core of carbon fibres the two ends are protected to abrasion by Dynema fibers and connected to a steel forked pin External Protection with High Modulus Polyester Fibers Sensor for stretch monitoring under research ( Nanocyl Project)

60 Betontex Tie placed to secure the Tambour of Anime Sante Chatidral at l Aquila, damaged by the earthquake of 2008 Tie weight =3,5 kg 38 m Tie length =38m Betontex Ties have been applied by specialized technician lowered by an helicopter. Tie tensile strength = 18 Ton Tested tensile strength = 15 Ton Suggested tension for prestressing = 5000 kg

61 BETONTEX TIE: Prestressing of vaults at REALE ALBERGO DEI POVERI (NAPOLI) Prof. Croci Design

62 CITY WALL OF BASSANO: RISTILLATURA ARMATA CON ARAMID/CARBON CABLE

63 APPLICATIONS DESIGN Outside and inside reinforces in a wall: Connections (ARDFIX SYSTEM)

64 Reinforcement Technology: Carbon Fiber Rods Fiber Rods can be used in combination with unidirectional tapes: 1. To create a connection across the wall 2. To encrease the adhesion by a connector between fiber tape and wall A good example is the ARDFIX SYSTEM

65 ARDFIX CONNECTOR ACROSS THE WALL

66

67 BALCONADE REINFORCE DRAWING IN COSTIGLIOLE: THE CITY PALACE The application drawing comprises: Fiber tapes application Ardfix Connectors to main walls

68 BALCONADE REINFORCE DRAWING IN COSTIGLIOLE: THE CITY PALACE

69 ARDFIX TEST UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE

70 ARDFIX TEST

71 FLEXURAL TEST

72 ARDFIX TEST

73 ARDFIX TEST

74 ARDFIX TEST

75 RESULTS Tipo trave Trave T1 Trave T3 Trave T4 Trave T5 Trave T6 Trave TQ P max [kn] F 1 (Pmax) [mm] F 2 (Pmax) [mm] F3 (Pmax) [mm] Carico [kn] T1 T5 T6 T3 TQ T4 Travi T1 - T5 - T6 - T3 - TQ - T spostamento [mm]

76 ARDWOOD ARDWOD is a reinforcement system for wood structures by elements confined with carbon fibres. Advantage of Ardwood technology are: ligthness; No invasivity; High mechanical properties with improvement of rigidity; Easely applied; -The System may be used in combination with intradoss reinforcement connected by ARDFIX connectors. 26/11/2012 Ardea Progetti srl - Prof. e Lino Sistemi Credali S.r.l 76

77 WOOD REINFORCE TESTS UNIVERSITY OF TURIN Grafico carico-deformazione Carico (kn) Tal Quale Carbonio intr. Ardwood Ardwood + carbonio intr Deformazione (mm) Laboratory test made at Politecnico di Torino by Prof. Pistone and Lino Credali

78 Some Application Examples Main Work from 1998 to 2011

79 Rinforzo Complesso monumentale Ex Corte Benedettina di Legnaro (PD)

80 Rinforzo Timpano Biblioteca Basilica S. Antonio (Padova)

81 GRANDE HOTEL DI ALASSIO

82 CORDOLATURA ABSIDE CHIESA DI ROCCAVIONE CN

83 VOLTE DUOMO DI CARPI: RINFORZO ESTRADOSSO

84 Rinforzo estradosso volte - Basilica S. Petronio (Bologna)

85 CHIESA DI OSTERIA GRANDE BOLOGNA

86 CHIESA DI OSTERIA GRANDE BOLOGNA Quadro Fessurativo Schemi di Progetto

87 Rinforzo Volte Scuderie - Reggia di Venaria Reale (TO)

88 CONSOLIDAMENTO VOLTE PORTICATO DI VIA INDIPENDENZA - BOLOGNA Alba, 30 Novembre Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

89 SCHEMA RINFORZO DI UNA BALCONATA COSTIGLIOLE-PALAZZO COMUNALE

90 SANTA MARIA DELL AQUILA - SORANO

91 STRUTTURE IN TUFO: Basilica di SOVANA (GR)

92 STRUTTURE IN TUFO: Basilica di SOVANA (GR)

93 STRUTTURE IN TUFO: Basilica di SOVANA (GR)

94 Messa in Sicurezza Paramenti della Basilica S. Pietro (Bologna)

95 BASILICA DI VICOFORTE (CN)

96 RINFORZI STRUTTURE C.A. Alba, 30 Novembre Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

97 RECUPERO EX OFFICINE SAVIGLIANO C.SO MORTARA - TORINO

98 RECUPERO EX OFFICINE SAVIGLIANO C.SO MORTARA - TORINO Alba, 30 Novembre Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

99 RINFORZO PONTE IN C.C.A. PARCO REGGIA DI RACCONIGI (CN)

100 ARDWOOD ARDWOD è un sistema di rinforzo per strutture lignee con elementi confinati in fibra di carbonio. I vantaggi della tecnologia ARDWOD sono: Leggerezza; Scarsa invasività; Elevate prestazioni meccaniche, con aumento di rigidezza dell elemento rinforzato; Facilità di messa in opera; Sinergia con la struttura esistente. Il sistema può essere combinato con rinforzi in fibra di carbonio in zona tesa e solidarizzato alla trave esistente con connettori ARDFIX. 26/11/2012 Ardea Progetti srl - Prof. e Lino Sistemi Credali S.r.l 100

101 Rinforzi strutture lignee Luce di Calcolo m 7.05 Larghezza della trave B cm 25 Altezza della trave H cm 38 Interasse trave i m 3.20 Larghezza dei travetti b cm 10 Altezza dei travetti h cm 14 Carico agente sulla trave dan/m 2000 Q Freccia(prima) calcolo elastico cm /11/2012 Ardea Progetti srl - Prof. e Lino Sistemi Credali S.r.l 101

102 Progetto 26/11/2012 Ardea Progetti srl - Prof. e Lino Sistemi Credali S.r.l 102

103 Risultati La freccia misurata a puntelli eliminati è stata di 0,2 cm Alba, 30 Novembre Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l

104 S. MARIA MAGGIORE TRIESTE

105 ARDEA RINGRAZIA PER L ATTENZIONE Ardea Progetti e Sistemi Srl Via Cristoni 58 - La Meridiana Casalecchio di Reno (BO) Tel Fax ardeaprogetti@betontex.it Web: Alba, 30 Novembre Ardea Progetti e Sistemi S.r.l