WIRELESS POSITIONING CDMA Technologies and the Global Positioning Systems Marco Luise University of Pisa, Italy Dipartimento Ingegneria dell Informazione http://www.iet.unipi.it/~luise Lessons 1-2
Friday 14 April 1865
End of September 1895
22 November 1963
Anywhere, Anytime
Are TLC in a crisis?
Il mercato italiano dell ICT (2004-2006) Valori in Milioni di Euro e in % 61.180 +2.3% 62.611 +2.0% 63.844 41.860 +3.0% 43.115 +2.1% 44.040 19.320 +0.9% 19.496 +1.6% 19.804 2004 2005 2006 Fonte: AITech - Assinform / NetConsulting IT TLC Giancarlo Capitani, NetConsulting Convegno Rapporto 2007 Milano, 7 giugno 2007 - Slide 8
Il mercato delle TLC in Italia nel 2006 Valori in Milioni di e Variazioni % +2.1% 43.115 44.040 Valori in Miliardi di e TCMA 37.0 3.9% 43.2 2.1% 44.0 22.625 +4.5% 23.642 11,0 17,2 18,0 15,5 16,5 16,3-0.4% 20.490 20.398 4,6 4,7 5,1 5,9 4,8 4,6 2005 2006 TLC fisse TLC Mobili 2000 2005 2006 Infrastrutture Sistemi e Terminali Servizi fissi Servizi mobili Fonte: AITech - Assinform / NetConsulting Giancarlo Capitani, NetConsulting Convegno Rapporto 2007 Milano, 7 giugno 2007 - Slide 9
Il mercato italiano dei servizi mobili e di rete fissa (2005-2006) 17.170 Servizi Mobili +5.1% 18.040 Valori in Milioni di e Variazioni % 16.465 Servizi di Rete Fissa -0.9% 16.310 3.310 +24.2% 4.110-4.6% 9.950 9.490 13.860 +0.5% 13.930 1.380-3.6% 1.330 2.390 +7.5% 2.570 2.745 +6.4% 2.920 2005 2006 Fonia Mobile VAS Mobili 2005 2006 VAS Internet Trasmissione Dati Fonia rete fissa Fonte: AITech - Assinform / NetConsulting Giancarlo Capitani, NetConsulting Convegno Rapporto 2007 Milano, 7 giugno 2007 - Slide 10
Spesa per R&S e spesa per IT, in percentuale del PIL (2005) Valori % sul PIL 5 UK SE Spesa in IT 4 3 2 1 Fonte: Eurostat RO SK LU BG PL EE PT GR LT UH Italia ES CZ NL SI UE 0 1 2 3 4 Spesa in R&S FR Giancarlo Capitani, NetConsulting Convegno Rapporto 2007 Milano, 7 giugno 2007 - Slide 11 AT DK DE FI
Indicatori sulla diffusione dell ICT in Italia e in Europa 51% Imprese 53% Famiglie e Individui 59% 38% 36% Europa Italia 39% 37% 19% 25% 11% 14% 3% Dipendenti che utilizzano PC nella loro attività Fonte: Eurostat (2006) Imprese che acquistano attraverso Internet Imprese che vendono attraverso Internet Abitazioni con accesso a Internet Giancarlo Capitani, NetConsulting Convegno Rapporto 2007 Milano, 7 giugno 2007 - Slide 12 Abitazioni con accesso a Banda Larga Individui con nessuna competenza informatica di base
Productivity growth and acceleration by sector Productivity growth (95-05) Productivity growth acceleration (95-05) over (89-95) Total economy Manufacturing Market services Total economy Manufacturing Market services 6.00 3.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 3.00-1.00 2.00-2.00 1.00-3.00 0.00 Italy Euro area United States -4.00 Italy United States Fonte: OCSE Convegno Rapporto 2007 Milano, 7 giugno 2007 - Slide 13
TLC Growth Factors TECHNOLOGY: HW (electronics, photonics), SW (signal processing) GOING WIRELESS: Cellular, Wireless LANs INTERNET: Applications, Transport Network, Access Network DEREGULATION: New operators, Lower costs Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Technology: : Moore s Law Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Moore s Law at Work 1/2 Itanium 3 Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Moore s Law at Work 2/2 Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Transport and Access Networks x 2 Video signal x 1-4 -3-2 -1 1 2 3 n User Terminal MPEG Encoder User Terminal (Fiber-Based) Broadband Digital Network Wired/Wireless Access Links User Terminal User Terminal Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Wireless Technologies for the Access Network Broadcasting Satellite (DVB-S) Terrestrial Radio Network (DVB-T, DAB) DVB-H H / Cellular (towards 4G) Interactive Cellular (GSM, UMTS, 4G) WLAN (WiFi( IEEE 802.11x) BWA (WiMax( 802.16x) Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
The booming of location-based services Need Quality of Service E-commerce Applications Shopping services People tracking Emergency Applications E-112 LBS advertising Location Based billing Buddy finder Way-point messages Need Indoor positioning Tour/city guide LBS gaming Traffic info Entertainment Applications Dating service Parking location Weather info Travel info Mobile Yellow pages Mobility Applications Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Current Satellite Navigation Market Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Forecast of Revenues Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Trivia about satellite positioning 1/2 4 uknowns (x,y,z,time) 4 observations needed! USER S RECEIVER (at least) ) 4 signals from 4 satellites to be received Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Distilling the Main Issue Received signal Delay Estimation N 1 () = 2 ( τ ) + ( ) rt C cg t kt w t k= 0 k ˆτ c AWGN N 0 Range Estimate (Pseudo-range) Rˆ = cτˆ c is the speed of ligth Positioning Equations (p k k-th satellite position, δ c RX clock bias) 2 (, ) (, ) (, ) 2 2 x p + y p + z p = Rˆ cδ, k= 1,2,3,4 xk yk zk k c Receiver Coordinates and Time Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
But surpassing all stupendous inventions, what sublimity of of mind was his who dreamed of of finding means to tocommunicate his deepest thoughts to toany other person, though distant by mighty intervals of of place and time? Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
TOC of the Course Does NOT Include: Network Architectures and Protocols Digital Radio Broadcasting 3G Cellular (UMTS) Wireless LAN But DOES Include: Spread-Spectrum Spectrum and CDMA Satellite Localization and Positioning Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE
Outline Signals and spectra in wireless communications Narrowband and Spread-spectrum signaling Introduction to satellite positioning The GPS system and its accuracy Architecture of a GPS receiver GPS-based applications Wireless Positioning Systems M. LUISE