Economia circolare e agroindustria: un unione feconda. Nicoletta Ravasio

Transcript

1 Economia circolare e agroindustria: un unione feconda Nicoletta Ravasio

2 make use dispose make use dispose Linear economy

3 make use dispose make use dispose Linear economy Food wastage footprint: impact on natural resources

4 make use dispose make use dispose Linear economy

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6 Traditional valorization Spirits from marc 511 ac Pectines from fruit peels 1934 Biogas production 1990

7 The chemical approach Cellulose Proteins Oil Sterols Valorization Nicoletta Ravasio

8 Oils and fats from food wastes animal fats Tall Oil acidic oils from refining of food grade oils Used cooking oils Grape pomace Tomato pomace Pumpkin seeds Rice bran Spent coffee ground Brewer spent grain

9 Esterification reactions Monogliceridi (2) Tannin esters Lubrificanti (1) Sugar esters (3) FAME sterolesters (1) PCT Application PCT/IB2013/ ( ) (2) Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric. (2015) 2, 23-30; ChemistrySelect 2016, 1, (3) Molecular Catal. 2017, 433C,

10 RiceRes Rapporto Enel Symbola storie di Economia Circolare A. Morbelli, In the rice field, 1901

11 Extraction Hulling Rice husk Milling Rice bran Whitening 1 tonn 70 kg 200 kg Rice bran oil tonn

12 WP2 Materiali isolanti per la Bio-edilizia Lana di scarto paglia di riso Composito di origine naturale e metodo per la sua fabbricazione Dom. Brevetto Italiano GE2012A ( ), Concesso n

13 WP2 Compositi lana/paglia di riso Rice straw Produces CH 4 when tilled back into the fiels Open field burning phased out in many countries as it produces 23 Kg/ha PM10 Waste wool SPECIAL WASTE (Cat. 3 EC Regulation No 142/2011) L.O.I. (Limiting Oxygen Ind.) > 25 % Contains ca. 3% of sulfur Different behaviour in alkali CNR-ISMAC BI

14 WP2 A comparison Polystyrene panels: Free-standing Thermal Cond. (λ) 0.03 W/m o K low cost low density fossil based Not recyclable Very bad fire behaviour Wool materials: Excellent fire behaviour recyclable and compostable produced from waste renewable materials Thermal Cond (λ) 0.05 W/m o K Not free-standing higher cost Wool&Straw panels: Free standing! Good fire behaviour Highly perspirant Suitable for anti-sismic building reciclable and compostable produced from waste renewable materials Thermal Cond.(λ) 0.05 W/m o K higher cost

15 weight % WP2 Biofillers dalla lolla T mr ( C) PP/PPg 368 PP/PPg/BF 10% 372 PP/PPg/BF 20% 387 Biofiller: controlled degradation to obtain silica particles covered by a carbon residue Thermal stability increases (barrier effect due to C residue). T mr: weight loss maximum rate T ( C)

16 Silica from vegetables: Phytolits Silica increases a tyre s wet grip and cuts its rolling resistance by around 30%. That translates into a 5-7% reduction in fuel consumption.

17 Unexploited potential Rice (MMT) Bran (MMT) Oil potential (MMT) Oil actual (MMT) China India Indonesia Bangladesh World Source: Accessed 10 September 2012 A. G. Gopala Krishna, INFORM 2013, 24(4), Too Acidic!!! (Rancid)

18 Monoglycerides Emulsifiers, preservatives, additives in food cosmetics pharmaceuticals E 471

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20 WP3 Alto valore aggiunto dall olio Gamma orizanol Anticholesterolemic Cosmetic agents UV filters Antitumoral agents

21 WP1 Sterols from gamma orizanol

22 Pula Degrassata Proteine polysaccharides Rice Bran Oil Cere γ - orizanolo

23 WP4 Protein from defatted bran Oil DFB Xilanases, Phytases Hydrolysed Vegetal Proteins - HVPs Biological properties Functional properties Organolectic properties Infant formulas foaming, surfactant, emulsifying action Umami taste Functional foods, cosmetics, taste enhancers

24 Whey: «from gutter to gold» About 94% of milk volume BOD = mg/l COD = ppm di O 2 1 l whey has the same environmental impact of a person during 24 hours Chemical composition of whey ph COD (mg/l) 70,000 Density (g/cm 3 ) Microbial charge (UFC/g) 120,000 Ashes (g/l) 5.5 Fats (g/l) Million (Italy) tonn/year Lactose (g/l) 47.0 Lactic acid (g/l) 1.3 Salts (g/l) 5.0 Proteins (g/l) 7.1 Dry matter (g/l) 64.0

25 Whey: «from gutter to gold» Cheese Vat Cream separator Cheese Whey cream Whey UF retentate UF permeate 9.4 billion $ in 2017 Whey proteins Whey Permeate 85% Lactose Crystallization Lactose Delactose permeate Statista 2017 UF: Ultrafiltration 2.5 billions

26 D-Tagatose F. Zaccheria et al., Green Chemistry, 2017, 19,

27 Iso-sorbide Sharp Aquo Crystal Mazda CX-5

28 150,000 t/year CIRcular COffee

29 Fat with unusual composition C14:0 C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 C20:0 C20:1 C22:0 C24:0 Coffee Silver Skin Spent Coffee Ground

30 Chlorgenic acid esters Anti-aging UV screen Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory

31 Chlorgenic acid esters R = C8 C12 C16 Anti-aging UV screen Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory

32 Paper from silverskin Cellulose from silverskin allows to save 10-15% virgin cellulose

33 Industrial Symbiosis Lipid fraction Paper Lipid and phenolic fraction Cosmetic products Cellulosic fraction

34 L industria del legno In Italia: aziende addetti, 40 miliardi di fatturato annuo 35% di esportazione In Lombardia: Distretto del mobile della Brianza Distretto del legno del Casalasco Viadanese Consorzio Legno Alta Lombardia:. 17 segherie 13% legno lavorato in Italia (cca tonn/anno) q di segatura q di corteccia

35 Siamo il primo Paese al mondo per le percentuali di riciclo nel legno: il 60% degli imballaggi viene raccolto e riutilizzato per la produzione di pannelli di fibre (in Europa è il 15%); il 95% di questo legno riciclato diventa pannello e arredo.

36 Il caso del 7-idrossi- matairesinolo 6-29% 0,1% Riduce la secrezione di PSA del 48% Allevia i sintomi della menopausa

37 Tensioattivi non ionici da acido tannico e acidi grassi J. Surfact. Deterg. 16 (2013) 767

38 Simbiosi tra due filiere agroindustriali Prodotti per aumentare la durabilità del legno Prodotti per il trattamento della vite

39 Rifiuti agroindustriali nel campo delle costruzioni High amount of organic matter (C 50 wt%) Segatura Semi di uva ENERGETIC SUPPORT IN THE CERAMIC FIRING PHASE AND PORE FORMING AGENTS Noccioli di ciliegia Mattoni leggeri e termoisolanti Prof. I. Lancellotti

40 effetti dei residui sulle proprietà tecnologiche T.P. M0 M1 5 wt% segatura M2 5 wt% vinaccioli M3 5 wt% noccioli M4 8 wt% vinaccioli M5 8 wt% noccioli Assorbimento d acqua WA% Perdita di peso WL% (*) after firing L.O.I % High WA% values imply an increase of porosity and consequently insulating properties. Prof. I. Lancellotti

41 De-costruire NON demolire

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45 Ri - Block

46 Aggregati da C&D (AR) Rifiuti C&D = 54,1 M tonnellate (40% dei RS) ISPRA 2017

47 Prof. S. Sorlini, Ing. L. Cominoli

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49 Prof. S. Sorlini, Ing. L. Cominoli

50 Conclusioni Il riciclo e il riuso dei materiali sono fondamentali per lo sviluppo sostenibile La valorizzazione degli scarti dell agroindustria è un ottimo strumento per trovare nuove materie prime e ingredienti bioattivi transitare verso l economia circolare promuovere la Bio-economia se si adotta un approccio multidisciplinare