Il futuro delle tecnologie dell idrogeno nei fondi europei

Transcript

1 ENTE PER LE Energia e idrogeno L esperienza italiana nel programma europeo Idrogeno e celle a combustibile NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L ENERGIA E L AMBIENTE Il futuro delle tecnologie dell idrogeno nei fondi europei Angelo Moreno angelo.moreno@enea.it 13 dicembre 2012 Centro congressi Fast P.le R. Morandi 2 - Milano AM

2 Contenuto Dati statistici e bando 2012 Nuovo bando 2013 FCH-JU in Horizon 2013 Contesto Italiano Azioni future

3 Dati statistici e bando 2012 Fattore di correzione: 0,8: 28 proposte alla negoziazione + 15 proposte nella lista di riserva Call budget (mill Euro) Numero progetti Budget % Transportation & Refuelling Infrastructure 26, ,01% Hydrogen Production & Distribution 8, ,34% Stationary Power Generation & CHP 27, ,04% Early Markets 10, ,00% Cross-cutting Issues 5, ,61% 77,50 + 2, ,00% Tempi: firma dei contatti (Grant) entro febbraio

4 Nuovo bando 2013 Possibile data di pubblicazione 15 gennaio 2013 Scadenza indicativa 22 maggio 2013 Budget indicativo 68,5 M Importante: tutti i progetti devono scadere entro il 30 Giugno 2017 E possibile fare un eccezione solo per i topic relativi ai dimostrativi (1.1, 3.5, e 3.6)

5 AA1: Trasporto (23 M ) Large-scale demonstration of road vehicles and refueling infrastructure VI Research & Development on Bipolar Plates for PEM fuel cells Research & Development of periphery components for Hydrogen Refueling Stations Minimum of 5 buses and/or minimum of 10 passenger cars per site Minimum of hydrogen refuelling stations is 3 Station hydrogen production efficiency target Hydrogen purity and vehicle refueling process according to SAE J2601 and 2719 and ISO specifications. IR Communication according to SAE TIR J A significant amount of the hydrogen (more than 50% per site) supplied has to be produced by using renewable energies Cost targets: Potential to reduce cost of the vehicle by 25% for the next generation. Max. FCH JU support 18 Mio / project Max 1 project Corrosion resistant conductive coatings for low cost metals (including long-term stability) Identification and quantification of levels of corrosion products and rate of formation, assessments of their potential contamination on other cell, stack and system components Or: Cost effective metallic bipolar plate manufacturing technologies Demonstration of formability of metal/coating combination in complex configuration, assuring efficient cooling and enhanced stacking capabilities, and Cost reduction potentials of bipolar plates for different production volumes Max. FCH JU support 3 Mio / project Max 1 project Show progress beyond state-of-the-art for the periphery hydrogen station component(s) in focus on energy efficiency, safety cost reduction Document capability of components in reaching 98% availability in HRS solutions Clear R&D roadmaps for reaching commercial targets (if necessary) and plans for initiating further product maturation, volume production and market introduction Contribute to expansion of supply basis for component(s) capable of minus 40 degrees Celsius and 70MPa operation in compliance with SAE J2601 Max. FCH JU support 3 Mio / project Max 1 project

6 AA1: Trasporto (23 M ) Field demonstration of auxiliary power units for transport applications Fuel Quality Assurance for Hydrogen Refuelling Stations At least 10 complete integrated APU systems (electrical power 2 to 10 kwe) and 5 APU systems with electrical power > 10 kwe Demonstrate and test the appropriate amount of vehicles with integrated APU systems installed, over at least 1 year of continuous real world operation Demonstrate integration into existing vehicle infrastructures and control systems Demonstrate multiple cold start, warm restart and stand by ability as well as redox cycle stability of the systems The APU systems must reach weight and volume targets for appropriate integration into the vehicles, without major changes of the basic vehicle configuration Electrical efficiency >30 %, production cost < 1,500 /kwe, lifetimes >5,000 h Max. FCH JU support 4 Mio / project Max 1 project A more complete overview of the real susceptibility for various poisonous species specifically for automotive applications Technical data for (fuel compositions and) impurity concentrations at HRS nozzle Documented concentration correlations between contaminant species in fuel Diversified hydrogen fuel QA protocol with respect to fuel feedstock & production technology New (preferably on-line) methodology for routinely sampling of hydrogen fuel gas under normal HRS operation Strategy for significant cost reduction for hydrogen fuel QA Recommendations for revision of existing (draft) ISO standard Max. FCH JU support 3 Mio / project Max 1 project

7 AA2: Produzione e distribuzione idrogeno (7,5 ) Development of improved road H2 distribution Diagnosis and monitoring of electrolyser performance Large capacity PEM electrolyser stack design New generation of high temperature electrolyser Validation of photoelectrochemical hydrogen production processes Proof-of-concept of increased working pressure in a homologated truck-trailer (pressure higher than 400 bar), including loading and unloading stations. Other transport means, can be possible. Prototype truck-trailer needs to undergo complete homologation procedures for several European countries, representing >30% of the industrial gas market. Comprehensive field testing of the complete system, and assessment of the improvement in distribution costs. Improved hardware and software for field data retrieval, monitoring and control. Development of diagnostic tools to identify potential failure or degradation situations for state-of-the-art cells, stacks and systems, and of in-service diagnostic tools for cell/stack health checking. Development of a standard for performance test protocol at system level and to perform accelerated durability tests at cell/stack level. Design and prototype demonstration of PEM electrolyser stack Key performance indicators: Hydrogen production capacity of single stack > 100 Nm3/h. Current 1.2 A/cm² with eff > 80% on LHV basis up 2.4 A/cm² with eff > 70% on LHV basis. Modular stack cost < 2 500/Nm3/h capacity. Stack availability > 99%. Lifetime > hrs. Topic recalled from Development of cells and stacks: ºC, pressurized, high current density (>1 Acm-2). Manufacture of dedicated HTE cells and stacks for use in large systems. Demonstration of a HTE system of kw size under realistic conditions. Degradation 1% per 1,000 h of operation. Proof-of-concept for co-electrolysis, syngas production and final chemical product,. Technology for production of solar active area (>50 cm2) made of earth-abundant inexpensive materials. Conversion efficiency > 8%. Lifetime >5,000 h Prototypes for small and medium applications (100W 100 kw) Techno-economic assessment. Lab tests (simulated AM1.5G solar radiation) and field tests, > 1,000 h

8 AA3: Stazionario (24 M ) Improving understanding of cell & stack degradation mechanisms using advanced testing techniques and developments to achieve cost reduction and lifetime enhancements for Stationary Fuel Cell power and CHP systems Improved cell and stack design and manufacturability for application-specific requirements for Stationary Fuel Cell power and CHP systems Primary focus: to identify, quantify and document relevant degradation and failure mechanisms over the long term (i.e. >20,000 hours) and identify improvements, and verify these in existing cell and stack design. Addressed in two ways: a) by accelerated testing, and/or b) by durability testing under harsh conditions, compared to application-relevant conditions. Max. two projects: one high temp >300C and one low temp <300C with max. support of 3m each Projects to focus on cell and stack design improvements and should address the following three top-level objectives: i) increase robustness and lifetime; ii) increase performance, power density, and efficiency; iii) reduce materials and manufacturing cost...whilst achieving: i) improved system efficiency; ii) reduced system costs Max. two projects: one high temp >300C and one low temp <300C with max. support of 2m each

9 AA3: Stazionario (24 M ) Stationary power and CHP Fuel Cell system Improvements using Improved Balance of Plant Components/Subsystems and/or Advanced Control and Diagnostics Systems Proof of concept and validation of whole fuel cell systems for Stationary power and CHP fuel cell systems applications at a representative scale Fuel cell related sub-system components, based on developed stack designs, and/or diagnosis and/or control tools Objectives i) Demonstration of the ability of components to meet required life-cycle performance targets; ii) Validation of lifetime, durability/robustness, corrosion rates; iii) Cost assessment vs. target cost and demonstration of considerable cost reduction; iv) Concepts for reworking, recycling, and/or disposal Max. three projects, with max. support of 2.5m each Either Proof of concept of fuel cell system for Stationary Application: or Validation of fuel cell system for Stationary Application PoC to be shown to be feasible inside the laboratory; Validation projects to be tested in representative environment either inside the laboratory or in the field. Expected to show the ability to successfully compete with existing technologies operating in the target application(s) / market(s) Max. four projects, with max. support of 4m each

10 AA3: Stazionario (24 M ) Field demonstrations of large scale Stationary power and CHP Fuel Cell systems Field demonstrations of small scale Stationary power and CHP Fuel Cell systems Installation and operation of one or more identical systems; each system to provide at least 100 kw with on-stream availability of 95% or higher, for a minimum of 16,000 hours Cost and efficiency targets in line with the MAIP targets; The consortium must include system integrators/fuel cell developers (OEMs) and end users (energy businesses or supplier or industrial customers). Max. two projects, with max. support of 6m each Install and operate complete integrated systems with electrical power <100kWe A minimum of 25 identical units in the 1-10kWe range, or at least 5 identical units in the > 10kWe range; Cost and efficiency targets in line with the MAIP targets; The consortium must include system integrators/fuel cell developers (OEMs) and end users (energy businesses or supplier or industrial customers). Max. two projects, with max. support of 6m each

11 AA3: Stazionario (24 M ) 3.7 Development of fuel cell serial production techniques and equipment for Stationary Fuel Cell power and CHP systems This topic aims to support focused manufacturing feasibility and scaling efforts Research and development of new, improved and higher volume production techniques used for fuel cell stack manufacture should feature prominently in proposals. Develop a blue print design alongside critical manufacturing processes and techniques which can then form the basis of a scaling up to complete pilot scale manufacturing development. Max. two projects, with max. support of 2m each; CAPEX is not expected to exceed 25% of the total budget

12 AA4: Early Market (9 M ) Demonstration of fuel cell-powered Material Handling Vehicles (MHV) including infrastructure Demonstration of portable generators, back-up power and uninterruptible power systems Development of portable fuel cell systems for early market applications Development of 1-30 KW PEM fuel cell systems and hydrogen supply for early market applications

13 AA5: Cross Cutting (5,5 M ) European Curriculum on H2&FC technologies: Implementation of Educational and Study Material Training on H2&FC technologies for Operation & Maintenance Social acceptance of FCH technologies throughout Europe builds on output from projects TrainHy and HyProfessionals teaching material (presentation slides, scripts for student learning, and table-top experiments) network of universities using the material in their (local) courses with mutual ECTS points recognition throughout this network web-site hosting teaching material for access by associated universities and suitable for e-learning and performance of prototype courses European summer schools as developed by TrainHy and HyProfessionals builds on output from project HyProfessionals use of infrastructure of existing demonstration projects as training equipment. specific training on installation, operation, maintenance, safety and proper use of H2&FC facilities, addressing the need to develop a well-trained work force. business models for self-sustained training offer. detailed public opinion poll on current public awareness and social acceptance of FCH technologies in at least 3 countries in Europe which are expected to be at the forefront of market introduction of FCH technologies impact analysis of several FCH demonstration events on the acceptance of the technology provide recommendations to increase the public awareness and the social acceptance of hydrogen energy

14 AA5: Cross Cutting (5,5 M ) Development of industry wide uniform performance test schemes for SOFC/SOEC cells & stacks Development of a European framework for the generation of guarantees of origin for green H2 Pre-normative research on resistance to mechanical impact of pressure vessels in composite materials

15 Horizon 2020: Obiettivi Raggiungimento del mercato per tutti i settori

16 FCH-JU in Horizon 2020 Le azioni poste in atto o in essere per la FCH-JU 2.0: Survey on FCH sector (Completed) EU Public consultation on FCH JU (Closed, waiting for results) EC Impact Assessment / STBD (On-going) Key data from European FCH sector (turnover, R&D budgets, employment) since 2007 and until 2020 FCH JU members + beneficiaries To show sector growth and impact of JTI cooperation Open to all stakeholders in the EU NEW-IG position created by Board/CG and distributed to members to submit individual answers (statistical exercise) EC to publish results in coming months (date tbc) Members contributions through AA Committees and Coordination Group (coordinated by J. Lewis/Secretariat) Joint drafting of STBD with EC, PO, RG + Feedback on IA draft + Private commitment letter Final report to be published Summary to be published by EC Drafts delivered for EC review STBD: Scinetific and Technical Background Document

17 FCH-JU in Horizon 2020: Possibile struttura a) Innovation pillar 1: FCH Technologies for Transportation Systems b) Innovation pillar 2: FCH technologies for Energy Systems c) Cluster Cross-cutting research activities complementing the technical research activities

18 IP1: FCH Technologies for Transportation Systems Veicoli stradali Altri tipi di veicoli e macchinari Infrastrutture di rifornimento Applicazioni marine, aviazione, treni

19 IP2: FCH technologies for Energy Systems Produzione, distribuzione e stoccaggio dell idrogeno Tecnologie per l impiego dell idrogeno come stoccaggio elettricità e per il bilanciamento della rete Sistemi cogenerativi per uso stazionario domestico/residenziale e e per usi industriali Sistemi FC per mini, micro and portatili Tecnologie per lo stoccaggio (trasporto e stazionario) compresso e/o allo stato solido

20 Cross-cutting research activities Accettabilità sociale e consapevolezza Education and training per ricercatori, ingegneri, tecnici e decisori politici Sviluppo di politiche e strategie Ricerca pre-normativa Regulations, Codes and Standards, incluso standard di sicurezza e norme. Identificazione e sviluppo di meccanismi e di strutture per favorire investimenti e finanziamenti

21 Possibile suddivisione dei fondi Cross-cutting Activity distribution R&D Demonstration Market introduction Transports Systems 15-20% 20-30% 3-5% Energy Systems 15-20% 20-30% 3-5%

22 Contesto italiano e sfide poste dall Europa Al 2020 i famosi % di riduzione delle emissioni dei gas serra 20% di riduzione del consumo globale di energia primaria (efficienza energetica) 20% di energia rinnovabile sul totale del mix Europeo Al % di riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra nei paesi industrializzati (G8 de L Aquila) Dall 80% di dipendenza dai combustibili fossili all 80% di riduzione delle emissione dei gas serra in 40 anni : Una strategia completamente nuova per un sistema energetico globale Andare verso un economia a basso contenuto di carbonio, non semplice e non immediato Lo sviluppo di tecnologie per un uso efficiente delle risorse è un must

23 Visione idrogeno Idroelettrico Solare termico Impianto eolico Biomasse H 2 Impianto fotovoltaico Centrale elettrica Impianto di produzione H 2 H 2 CO 2 Celle a combustibile Stazione di servizio Gas naturale Giacimento esaurito Acquifero salino

24 Roadmap Europea per Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile Produzione e distribuzione idrogeno Interconnessione alle reti locali di distribuzione dell H 2 Significativa produzione di H 2 da fonti rinnovabili compresa la gassificazione della biomassa Produzione di idrogeno da fossili con sequestro CO 2 Raggruppamenti di reti locali di distribuzione H 2 Raggruppamenti locali di stazioni di rifornimento di H 2. Trasporto H 2 su strada e produzione on-site di H 2 nelle stazioni di rifornimento (reforming ed elettrolisi) Produzione di H 2 da reforming del gas naturale ed elettrolisi 2000 Economia basata su combustibili fossili Ampia diffusione di gasdotti per la distribuzione di H Maggiore produzione di H 2 senza emissioni di carbonio Fonti rinnovabili, combustibili fossili con sequestro, nuove tecnologie nucleari 2020 Incentivi pubblici ed impegno privato Ricerca di base, applicata e dimostrazione. Celle a combustibile (veicoli e generazione elettricità) Produzione, trasporto, distribuzione e uso dell idrogeno RST, test sul campo, parchi veicoli di nicchia Produzione diretta di H 2 da fonti rinnovabili Societá dell H 2 senza carbonio Riconoscimento pubblico e benefici privati Commercializzazione su vasta scala di idrogeno e celle a combustibile Produzione H 2 Celle combustibile per trasporto Trasporto H 2 Combustibile per applicazioni stazionarie Stoccaggio H 2 Maggiore penetrazione del mercato Sistemi con celle a combustibile ad alta temperatura e basso costo Celle a combustibile commerciali per micro-applicazioni Veicoli con celle a combustibile competitivi Sistemi SOFC a pressione atmosferica ed ibridi commerciali (< 10 kw) Primi flotte veicoli a H 2 (sistemi di accumulo H 2 di 1a generazione) Produzione in serie di FCEV per flotte di veicoli e altri mezzi di trasporto (imbarcazioni); celle a combustibile per unità di potenza ausiliaria (compreso reforming) Sistemi stazionari a celle a combustibile ad alta temperatura (MCFC/SOFC) (<500kW); sviluppo motori CI a H 2 ; dimostrazione di parchi autobus a celle a combustibile Sistemi stazionari a celle a combustibile a bassa temperatura per produzione commerciale di nicchia (<50kW) Economia orientata all idrogeno H 2 nei trasporti aerei Le celle a combustibile diventano tecnologia dominante nei trasporti, nella generazione distribuita di elettricità e nelle microapplicazioni H 2 è la scelta privilegiata come carburante per veicoli a celle a combustibile Significativa crescita della generazione di potenza distribuita con sostanziale penetrazione delle celle a combustibile Sistemi di accumulo idrogeno di 2 a generazione Sviluppo di sistemi a celle a combustibile e idrogeno

25 I documenti di riferimento VISION Hydrogen Energy And Fuel Cells (2003) FCH JU Background Technology Plattform STRATEGY Strategic Research Agenda Deployment Strategy Strategic Overview (2005) 100 volontari hanno investito più di 10M per la preparazione della FCH JU IMPLEMENTATION Implementation Plan (March 2007) Documenti disponibili sul sito :

26 Una novità E stata lanciata la Strategia Energetica Nazionale (SEN)

27 SEN: Risultati attesi al Allineamento dei prezzi energetici con quelli europei. 2. Riduzione della bolletta energetica dagli attuali 62 a 48 MD nel Riduzione della dipendenza da 84% a 67% (efficienza energetica, rinnovabili, ridotte importazioni di elettricità, aumento produzione con risorse nazionali MD saranno gli investimenti previsti sino al 2020: green and white economies (rinnovabili, efficienza energetica, rete elettrica e rete gas, rigassificatori, stoccaggio. 5. Riduzione dei gas serra pari al 19% sotto il livello delle emissioni del 2005 (meglio di quanto richiede l Europa, 18%). 6. Rinnovabili pari al 20% del consumo finale 7. Rinnovabili fonte primaria nel settore elettrico: dal 36 al 38 % dell elettricità sarà prodotta da fonti rinnovabili ( 23% nel 2010). 8. Abbattimento dei consumi di un fattore pari al 24 % (obiettivo Europeo 20%)

28 Prossimi passi La piattaforma italiana celle a combustibile ed idrogeno

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30 Celle a combustibile Idrogeno Boh! Io speriamo che me la cavo Domande?