Informatica e diritto, Vol. XIII, 2004, n. 1-2, pp

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1 Informatica e diritto, Vol. XIII, 2004, n. 1-2, pp AHI K LAB H A@E@A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL= AIFAHEA A CEAAFH IFAJJELA@A \A,A?H=?O 4 *-46) ) 7++1 )41) ) /- ) *1) = E>AHJ IJ=HI FH=K = >AH A=?DAE I? A = E>AHJ K IF= E E>AH E>AHJ F=HJA?EF= E A / /=>AH 5 )41 2HA AII=` 2 EJE?DAAKH FAAFAH ILE \E B H = E A` 1 E E=JELAFAH \=JJK= E A@A \E B H = E AE 1J= E=`!4K \A / LAH A J A?= E LAHI =@A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL= A )@ E EIJH=JE AA,A?H=?O `" A,A?H=?O E EFHE?EF= EA@A A A JEGK= EBE?= JE`#,A?H= E=AA,A?H=?O =? BH J `$ -IFAHEA A@EA,A?H=?O `$ ) ELA E JAH = E = A` $ ) ELA AKH FA `% E A@A \A,A?H=?O E 1J= E=`& 8AHI K LAB H A@E@A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL=`& 5JHK A JEFAH =F=HJA?EF= E A`& E? `CEKHE@E?EFAHK AGKE E>H=J ILE \A,A?H=?O `&! FA 5 KH?A A@A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL=`& " 3K= AHAC = A J= E ACEKHE@E?=FAH \A,A?H=?O 1 B H \1 B H =JE?= K = K L=@EI?EF E = `& # A,A?H=?O AIJH=JACEAA@K?=JELA`' *E> E CH=BE=`' 9A> E CH=BE=IA A E =J= 4 *-46) ) 7++1 FHE HE?AH?=J HA@A + 4 AFHAIJ=IAHLE E FHAII 6A HE=A6A? E?DA@A \1 B H = E A/EKHE@E?=@E.EHA A )41) ) /- ) *1) JEJ =HA@EK JA =]5JHK A JE=L= =JEFAH =? I?A A \= \E JACH= E AAKH FA=^ FHAII IJAII 1IJEJKJ = K??EEF=H=CH=BE # $ $ $ % =*E=IE JJEEF=H=CH=BE! " & & &! & " 1F=H=CH=BEHAIJ= JEI IJ=JEA => H=JE? CEK J= A JA

2 $& 1 B H =JE?=A@EHEJJ 5JK@EAHE?AH?DA ) \=JJK= AAL K E AJA? CE?=D=HAI F IIE>E A =@EIF E>E JA? CEA@A =? K E?= E AA@A \E B H = E AIA FHAFE F JA JEA D=? IA JEJ = A HC= E = E EFK>> E?DAAFHEL=JA@ELA EHAFH A JAJH=IB H =JA 3KAIJAJA? J=JAIJHK A JE IJH= H@E =HE A A = E@AEC LAH E = E = EFAH EC E H=HA =GK= EJ H=FE@E J A=BBE@=>E EB H EJE@= AFK>> E?DA= E EIJH= E E=EFHEL=JE?EJJ=@E EA= AE FHAIAA / LAH A JAFAH EC E H=HA = JA F IJAII = F=HJA?EF= E A=JJEL=@AE?EJJ=@E E A A@A?EIE EA= E EFH IIA@=EFK> > E?EF JAHEA,A?H=?O? \ >EAJJEL A K E =HA \E B H = E AF EJE?DAAKH FAA=@ JJ=JAFAH ILE \E B H = E AA@= \=JJK= E AE 1J= E=@A AIJAIIA I FH=JJKJJ HECK=H@ = \A / LAH A J I\E IEC EBE?=J HA= A@A AJA =JE?DAHA =JELA= \A / LAH A JA= \A,A?H=?O AE H H=FF HJ? = JHE??AJJEIJHAJJ= A JA? HHA =JE? A=@AIA FE E= B?= E \=JJA E AIK=?K E=IFAJJEFA?K E=HE A?AII=HE=BBE?D \A,A?H=?O E JAI=? A,A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL= F II=HA= E =HIE 8AHH= L= KJ=JA AFH IFAJJELABKJKHAHEB IK >KEHA A =HA= E = E E@E@A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL= =C EIJHK A JE@E? K E?= E A@EIF E>E E? A K LAJA? CEA = \A => H= E E? CEKHE@E?E = K L =FFH??E FA 5 KH?A A= A IJH=JACEAA@K?=JELA@E= B=>AJE = E A@ECEJ= AA@EFH E A 1 GK= A= >EJ A@EI?EF E ACEKHE@E?DAE BA GK=@H=J? A=?DAGKA HA =JEL = A= JHAA 2 E?EAI ,- ) ,- \1. 4 ) 1 - =HA= E = E A@A \E B H = E J=J= A \K E \E FAH=JEL?=JAC AF EJE?DAFH IIAIE== ELA AKH FA?DA@EC LAH = E = A IE E GK=IE@EHE L= A E =JJK= E=IIAJJE@A =LEJ=I?E= AIE=FK>> E?=?DAFHEL=J= 1 FHE = JA?A@A JAIJ FAH? HI LAHI =HA= E = E A@A = \E B H = E A H=FFHAIA FH CH= =GKE GKA = A

3 4 = K??E ) *E=IE JJE 8AHI K LAB H A@E@A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL= $' 2H EIA + IEC E AKH FA A ''&? K =@ J= E ABE = E=HE=@E # E E E@EAKH FAHFH K LAHAE E E=JELAE?A JEL= JE \E B H = E AE -KH F= EIAD= =LKJ AH= A?E FH K IE>E E = E AE?A JH=JAIKIAHLE EE B H =JELE> AJJE E IEJE9A> E M H ID F A? BAHA A ) JH== E A@\E F HJ= = IJ=J=@=J=@= = + EIIE AAKH FA=? =+ K E?= E A@A \& LA >HA'''? = GK= AIEFH K LAL= \E E E=JEL=A-KH FA 7 \E B H = E AFAH JKJJE E??=IE A@A + IEC E AKH FA IJH= H@E EI> =@A!A " =H 3KAIJEEFHE?EF= E >EAJJELE@A \E E E=JEL= ==>EJ= E A I?K = E FHAI=A= E EIJH= E AA JHE A \AH=@ECEJ= AA@EIF C=@EK? AC= A J E A?HA=HAE -KH F= =F=@H = =@AC EIJHK A JE@A \AH=@ECEJ= A? E I =?K JKH=E HE= AFH J==BE = E=HAA= ILE KFF=HA K LAE@AA C=H= JEHA?DA \E JAH FH?AII?HAEA =HCE = E =H=BB H E =BE@K?E=@AE? IK =J HEAF JA E =? AIE AI?E= A 2AH? IACKEHAGKAIJE >EAJJELE =+ EIIE AD=FH F A= E E =HAE = EAH=FHE HEJ=HE= =+ EIIE AIJAII= ==?DA@=F=HJA@AC E5J=JE A E AKH FAE 6H=GKAIJA =EBE E@A FHAIA JA? JHE>KJ E JAHAII=ALE@A E=H A =?K AE F=HJE? =HA =?K JKH=@ECEJ= A@ALA@ELA J=HAK =@A A? I?A A@E>=IA@EJKJJEC EAKH FAE IFA?E= A JA@AECE L= EA@AC E=@@AJ JE= =HE?AH?=?? HHA=@ACK=HA \A@K?= E A= \AH=@ECEJ= A JH= HA1 JAH AJ A AI?K A AFK>> E?DA= E EIJH= E E@ LH= =CAL = HA \=??AII E A = AE B H = E E =EIAHLE EA= AFH?A@KHA@A?EIE = E@A \= E EIJH= E AFAHJKJJEE?EJJ=@E EA AE FHAIA )J= BE A =+ EIIE AH=?? \KJE E =?DA@E?=HJAE JA E +BH =,A?EIE A@A + IEC =H ''&?DA=@ JJ=K FH CH= =? K E J=HE F KHEA = AFAHE?A JEL=HA =HA= E = E A@A \E B H = E AE -KH F= '& #! +- /7 %@A % " ''& 1@?K A JEKBBE?E= EI HAFAHE>E E= DJJF AKH F= AK E J I?=@F KI AC EJ I DJ A-KH FA

4 % 1 B H =JE?=A@EHEJJ 5JK@EAHE?AH?DA CA JE?DA@E= =??AII =EIAHLE EI= EJ=HE =EF=C= A JEA AJJH E?E = 1 JAH AJ >E A =EJH=IF HJEFK>> E?E = =F=O68! 1 + IEC E AKH EI> = IL J IE A =H GK= J =+ EIIE AAGK= J CE =??A IA?DA \ >EAJJEL IJH=JACE? FAH \7 E A-KH FA=F JAIIAAIIAHA J=HAA JH E \A? E=FE? FAJEJEL=A@E = E?= >=I=J=IK =? I?A = K C =@K =?HAI?EJ= A? E?=I IJA E>E A 2AHE H=CCEK CE A JACEAI IJ=JAE F=HJE? =HAI JJ E A=JA IKFF HJ=HAAB=L HEHA \E L= E AA?HA=HAK \E B H = E AFAHJKJJE 4A =JEL= A JA= =FHE =IJH=JACE=E >KIE AIIAKH FA IFA?E= A JAIA? BH J=J? E IEIJA == = K LAE@AA K FAH=HA K LEIJHK A JEA@AIIAHA?=F=?A@EKJE E =H EFAH =BBH J=HA A K LAIBE@A@A \A? E=C >= A 2AHGKAIJ I? F A IAJ JA >HA =+ EIIE AAKH FA=D=FK>> E?=J K =? K E?= E A IK1 L=JE E = M A? O?DAD=IJ=>E EJ C E >EAJ JELE? K EFAH AF EJE?DA@EHE L= A A >HE 3K= J = FAH=??A AH=HA ILE A@AE2=AIE A >HE A CEKC =+ EIIE AAKH FA=FH IIA =FK>> E?= E A@A \A-KH FA )?JE 2 = A EL= A EIKHA?DAC E5J=JE A LKJ =@ JJ=HAFAHJH=HHAE =IIE L= A FF HJK EJ BBAH JA@= \=FF E?= E A@A A K LAJA? CEA@A \E B H = E A JH=?KE A? AIIE E1 JAH AJ IJE A \E FEAC A \=??A J IK =B H = E AFAHE LAIJEHAIK AFAHI AAIK A? FAJA A GK= AA A A J A?AII=HE FAHB=L HEHAE?= >E= A J =L= KJ= E A@EA-KH FA " FAH AJJA@E?? K@AHA?DAE FE=! 2AHK \K JAHE E=J=F= H= E?=IELA@==?DA1,\- 1) 1 B H =JE?=A 2K>> E?== E EIJH= E A GK=@H H =JEL AEIJEJK E = A FF! '!$"A4,1 /1 4/1 1 B H =JE?=A2K>> E?== E EIJH= E A AF EJE?DAFAH \E L= E AAEFH CAJJE FF!$# "E 4 ) 7++1 =?KH=@E ] E A= A JE@E1 B H =JE?=CEKHE@E?= 6A HE= =FF E?= E E^ =F E -51 " 7 =L= KJ= E A? F=H=JEL=@AEFH CHAIIE= ELA = E = A? JA A JE + K E?= E A@A =+ EIIE A= + IEC E = 2=H = A J AKH FA = + EJ=J A? E? AI?E= AA= + AHACE E@A #BA>>H=E ) = EIE

5 4 = K??E ) *E=IE JJE 8AHI K LAB H A@E@A?H= E=F=HJA?EF=JEL= E AD=H=CCEK J EIK E >EAJJELEFHE?EF= E 1 CA AH= A A-KH FA D= BK E =J J >A AFAH=K A J=HA =? IAJJ HAFK>> E? A@A AE FHAIA=1 JAH AJA?HA=HAK GK=@H CEKHE@E? FAH ILE \A? E=>=I=J=IK =? I?A = #,KH= JA =HEK E A@A + IEC E AKH FA JA KJ=IE=5ELEC E=E AE CEKC LA A@ABE EJ K K L A-KH FA # )?JE 2 =?DA I IJEJKEL=A EC E H=L=E FE= =@ JJ=J A 1 K L FE= EH=L= =F HJ=HA=JKJJEE?EJJ=@E EA= AE FHAIA@AC E5J=JE A >HEE>A ABE?E@E 1 JAH AJ?DA@ELEA A? I K E FAH=JEL I?E= AFAH C EC LAH $ AFHE HEJ E JJA@=A-KH FA # FE=@EIF E>E EJ AKJE E = E A@E1 JAH AJJH= EJA? AIIE =HC= ILE =1+6 B H EHAIAHLE E= E EIJH=JELE E A? F AJ= A JAE JAH=JJELEA / LAH A J FH K LAHAK = >EA JAA *KIE = E? A@EBBKI AIAHLE E@EA 0A= JDAA A=H E C J ILE KFF=JE A-KH FA # IACKA \=FFH??E E EHA >EAJJELE?DE=HEA@ABBAJJK=HAK =L= KJ= E A? F=H=JEL=@AEFH CHAI IE? FEKJE?D =??A AH=HA \=@ E A@E K LEIJHK A JE ACEI =JELEA HE HEA J=HAEFH CH= EAIEIJA JELAHI A K LAFHE HEJ E@A JEBE?=JA 1 JAH E AA / LAH A J?DAE = EFHA?A@A JE =LAL=K =E@A JEJ AHE AL= ==KJ F \=@ E A@A K L )?JE 2 = AKH FA K =F=HJE? =HAF=H =?DE=LA?DA=>>H=??E=JKJJEC E? F=H=JEL=@AEFH CHAIIE@A \E E E=JEL=A-KH FA + FK>> E?= J= A =/= AJJ=KBBE?E= A + K E?= E A@A =+ EIIE A= + IEC E = 2=H = A J AKH FA = + EJ=J A? E? AI?E= AA= + AHACE E 4A = E A@ABE EJEL= A-KH FA +! $$@AB FK>> E?=J= A =/= AJJ=KBBE?E= A # 1? AC= A JE1 JAH AJD= HACEIJH=J K =?HAI?EJ=H=FE@= A '@A AI?K AA@A A= AC=JA=1 JAH = EAKH FAE I KJA JEHAC =HE $ + K E?= E A@A =+ EIIE A= + IEC E A= 2=H = A J AKH FA FAHE + IEC E AKH =@A! " =H A-KH FA E F=JJ AFHE HEJ + "@AB FK>> E?=J= A =/= AJJ=KBBE?E= A + K E?= E A@A = + EIIE A= + IEC E A= 2=H = A J AKH FA A-KH FA )CCE H = A J E AHEJ = \E E E=JEL=A-KH FA A => =+ EIIE AAKH FA=FAHE + IEC E AKH E =@A % &@E?A >HA + %&!@AB FK>> E?=J= A =/= AJJ= KBBE?E= A

6 % 1 B H =JE?=A@EHEJJ 5JK@EAHE?AH?DA =IFAJJE@A \E B H = E A? AC=JE= IBHKJJ= A A K LAJA? CEA1+6 A E = E AA@ECEJ= E = E A@A A = E EIJH= E EFK>> E?DAA )@ E EIJH=JE A A ILE =F=H JA?EF= E A@AE?EJJ=@E EA,A?H=?O 1 1 1) \)667) 1 -,- ) ,- \1. 4 ) ) 1) AC EK JE E= EE / LAH EJ= E= D=@E IJH=J IE>E EJ LAHI \E L= E AAE?= >E= A J IACKEJ = AF EJE?DA AKH FAAFAH ILE \E B H = E AD=E JJ A HA =JELAFH > A =JE?DAJH= AIKAFHE HEJ 1F=IIEFHE?EF= E@A =IJH=JACE=F EJE?=@A C LAH EJ= E= FAHH=C CEK CAHAGKAIJE >EAJJELEI \=@ E A@EK E AFAH = \E B H = E A=FFH L=J E $CEKC E E A FE IFA?EBE? IK \A / LAH A J =FFH L=J E IJAII = A \=@ E A A A E AA@EC LAH FAH ILE \E B H = E A E A J =F EJE?=EJ= E= =IE??A JH=IKGK=J JH =CCE HE=HAA@\E JAHLA J A?E GKA A?DAIEHEBAHEI? =?=FEJ= A K = B H = E A A@K?= E A HE?AH?=AILE KFF = \A / LAH A J IAHLE E= E EIJH=JELEFK>> E?E = \A? AH?A? H@E = A J HAC AA FH?A@KHAAE BE A= A E BH=IJHKJJKHA 1 A J IFA?EBE? IK \A / LAH A J \=JJA E I FH=JJKJJ = EC E H= A \ABBE?EA = FAH=JEL=@A A= E EIJH= E E FAH BBHEHA=E?EJJ=@E EIAHLE EFE E JACH=JEAFAH=IIE?KH=HA H K =??AII H=FE@ AB=?E EJ=J = \E B H = E AFK>> E?=E HAJA / EIJHK A JEFAHH=CCEK CAHAGKAIJE >EAJJELEHEIK J= E@A JEBE?=JE A =CA AH= AE JAH? AIIE A@AEL=HE@EF=HJE A JE@EC LAH A A = E JAH FAH=>E H IEIJA EE B H =JELE 3KAIJE@KA >EAJJELEF II AIIAHAH=CCEK JE? \E F A A J= E A@EK =HAJAANJH= AJ = E = A?DA? ACDEJKJJA AHAJE@A \) E EIJH= E AFK>> E?=?A JH= A FAHEBAHE?=A?= A? =? JA F H= A==@ E A@EK =?=HJ=@\E@A JEJ A AJJH E?= FAHJKJJEE?EJJ=@E E? =GK= A?E=I?K F JH =LAHA=??AII =EIAHLE E E A AIIE=@EIF IE E A@= AFK>> E?DA= E EIJH= E E?D? \KJE =BEH =A AJJH AHA = E EJH=?EJJ=@E

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