INFORMAZIONE TECNICA. Conoscere e gestire i reflui dell industria enologica: è possibile un loro riutilizzo?

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1 INFORMAZIONE TECNICA Csr gstr rflu dll dustr lg: è pssbl u lr rutlzz? Rr Fzt dll Rg Pmt Assssrt Agrltur El Str Pl Blsr Uvrstà dgl Stud d Tr Dprtmt d Em Iggr Agrr, Frstl Ambtl Pù dl 20% dll prduz lg è sttut d rsdu sld d vr tur l prss stss d vfz gr vlum d rsdu lqud tl d ssr h suprr qull d v ft prdtt u. L Itl prdu r 50 ml d ttltr d v g, qud vlum ttl d rflu prdtt sgut dll vfz ssmm, lvll zl d lu ml d mtr ub. Tl rsdu drvt dl prss d vfz h s, d ftt, sttut d qut rg tss, pss vr u mptt gtv sugl sstm turl d u v d ltrr l qulbr s mmss ll mbt md trllt (Frlf, 1995, Cud, 2005). Csdrd l spt stgltà h rttrzz tl rflu, rdr qust srh mptbl l mbt dvt mprtt pr tutt l zd, s ss sttut d pl prduttr h d grd stblmt (Blsr, 1995). C tl f tr l 2007 l 2009 è stt dtt, grz l fzmt dll Rg Pmt ll llbrz dll Prv d Ast, l prgtt CIPE dmt Gst sstbl d rflu d t, h h rgurdt prtlr md l r vz vtvl dll prv d Ast h h vst vlt ltr l Dprtmt DEIAFA dll Fltà d Agrr dll Uvrstà d Tr h l Dprtmt d Cltvz Arbr dll mdsm Fltà Il prgtt s è svluppt sd u dupl ppr: d u lt s è prdtt u ftgrf dll stuz rfut rttrzzt l mprt lg ll prv d Ast d u put d vst qul-qutttv, dll ltr s s dvdut dll vld sluz prtv pr u gst d rflu lg mprtt ll slvgurd mbtl l tmt d st. Il prm bttv è stt rlzzt grz d u mtrgg trmt qustr ffttut su vtdu zd prst sul trrtr sm d u sr d rlv putul u d d zd slt ll tr d tl trrtr. Sussvmt è stt dtt u sr d prv d mp d lbrtr l f d vlutr l pssbltà d mpgr grmmt rflu lg dp vrl stblz- 46

2 66 zt u stgg sprmtl dtt dz d rbs. CARATTERIZZAZIONE DELLA REALTÀ VITIVINICOLA ASTIGIANA Il mtrgg trmt qustr h vlt zd puttst trg, tutt stut sul trrtr dll prv d Ast, l u suddvs bs qutttv lvrt ulmt è rprtt Fgur 1. L mggr prt d ss rsult lssfbl m md pl. Il qustr h rgurdt prplmt sgut sptt: l prduttv zdl tplg quttà d v prdtt rttrsth vs vr sum dr prduz stgg qu rflu dstz rflu sttprdtt. Fgur 1. Suddvs dll zd mtrt bs lss dmsl prduttv Tbll 1. Dt d sts dsut dll dg qustr. Idg: dt d sts m md mx Quttà uv lvrt (q/) Quttà v prdtt (hl/) Csum d qu l/l v Prduz rflu (dhrt) l/l v Cptà stgg (l/l v) Prd d stgg (g) Fgur 2. Quttà d rfut sttprdtt dll lvrz dll uv (dt dsut dll dg). Aqu rflu 186 kg/hl S stt strplt umrs dt dll dg dtt: ll tbll 1 ll fgur 2 s dt dt slt dsut dll ls d qustr. Il mtrgg putul è stt ffttut ltr 10 t d è sstt l prlv d mp sgftv dl rflu pr g sgl fs prduttv tplg d uv ll qutfz dl vlum d qu sumt pr g prz. Ess h prmss d dfr rgvl prs qutttv d uv lvrt, l tplg d mh mpgt, l frquz d lvgg d g sgl ttrzztur l sum d qu. I s d su rlv, ltr, è stt prlvt u mp dll qu d lvgg l pù pssbl sgftv, sul qul s stt sussvmt dtrmt l prpl rttrsth qulttv. Nll r dll sprmtz s stt ffttut pù d dut rlv putul d sum d qu prlvt ltrttt mp d qu rflu h s stt sttpst d ls. I dt sì rlt h stt d stmr rgvl prs sum d qu pr l prpl fs d lvrz dl v, qutttv d sstz rttrzzt prst l rflu prdtt l quttà d rfut sld. Al f d mgl vdzr l ttvtà svlt rsultt trbl dll stss, s rprt, ttl d smp, l prduz f r m z t 11% 3% 11% 3% 12% 12% 24% < 50 q/ q/ q/ q/ q/ q/ q/ > q/ q/ > 800 q/ Sttprdtt lvrz 28 kg/hl Rfut sld 2 kg/hl 47

3 Fgur 3. Idz prtul dll dvrs fs d lvrz dll uv pr l prduz d v rss sul qutttv mplssv d rflu lg prdtt sul r qut sprss m COD. Fgur 4. Suddvs prtul dl r qut ttl ll prpl fs d lvrz dll uv. l rttrsth d rflu prdtt d u t h prdu u v rss d md prg: sdrd 100 q d uv rss lvrt, è pssbl stmr u prduz d r 0.9 l d rflu pr ltr d v ft (sdrd u ptà md d vs vr prst zd frr 40 hl). Cò rrspd d u sum d qu (dd pr stt l quvlz sum d qu = prduz d rflu) d 60.7 l d rflu pr qutl d uv lvrt (6.1 m 3 d qu ttlmt utlzzt durt l prss prduttv). Nll Fgur 3 è dt l dz prtul d g sgl fs d lvrz dll uv sul qutttv d rflu mplssvmt prdtt sul r qut sprss m COD. L rttrsth qulttv dl rflu vr mlt sd dll fs d lvrz dll uv, m s v dll Fgur 4. LO STOCCAGGIO ANAEROBICO E RIUTILIZZO AGRONOMICO D dt bblgrf s v h ll Prv d Ast, tr l zd h ltv prdu v, l 66% vf m d 300 hl l. Spss qust zd s - 48

4 66 trt pl mu u mpt d trttmt d rflu vl s grd d fr frt ph d r rg drvt dll ttvtà prduttv lg h s vrf l prd dll vdmm durt prm trvs. Nll rlzzz dl prgtt rgl s è, prtt, rt d dvdur u sluz l prblm dll gst d tl rflu pr l t md pl (< 500 hl u). L sluz prpst rgurd l rutlzz grm dl rflu lg ttrvrs du mdltà: l rrgz d srs dl vgt / l vlz d prdtt fttr, prv stgg rb, dl prdtt stss. Nl rs dl prgtt s stt prgttt rlzzt du dgstr plt; l fuz dll stgg prt dz d rbs è qull d prmttr l stgg dll qu d lvgg pr u lr sussv rmpg vgt d ttr u prdtt l pù pssbl stbl rttrzzt d u rdtt tut Sld Ttl. I tl ttr, ftt, dv vvr u turl sdmtz dgrdz dl rflu dz rbh, Fgur 5. Cttr rb sprmtl shm d fuzmt; frt tr rflu grss l ttr rb rflu dvrsmt sdmtt. Rflu sdmtt Rflu tl qul Surtt md tl d ttr u prdtt rutlzzbl sz ffttur lu tp d trttmt suppltv. Il qutttv d qu dspsz dl vtltr è dffrt: ptzzd u prduz d uv pr q/h dl qul s ttg hl d v pr h u rpprt qu-rflu pr 1, ulmt s vr dspsz r 6-7 m3 d qu rflu pr h rrspdt r mm d qu pr m rrgz d srs l vlum ssr pr ffttur trttmt fttr sdrd d mpgr u vlum d dstrbuz pr 600 l/h (Fgur 6). Al f d vlutr tl pts d mpg grm dll qu rflu dll t s stt dtt, llbrz l Dprtmt d Cltvz Arbr dll Uvrstà d Tr, du tplg d prv: frtrrgz d srs vlz dgl tprsstr, trmb svlt su pt rsut vs vgt. Surtt Prmss h tl prt grm è gà stt dl Rflu tl qul D.M. 7 prl 2006, rpt Rg Pmt Rflu sdmtt dl Rglmt rgl 10/R/2006, l spdmt frtrrgz dl rflu lg p mp h vlut vlutr l fftt sull vt dl rflu lg dstrbut vgt m pprt dr (rrgz d srs) mtr l prv vs h rt d mttr lu tmp rpd vtul fftt fttss sull vt. L prv d vlz d ftfrm h smt l pssbltà d mpg dl rflu lg ssttuz dll rml qu pr vlr gl grfrm dfs dl vgt, t rs mmssbl dll stss DM d u spr, f r m z t 49

5 l mm 4 dll rtl 11. L Fgur 6. Shm stt dll slt prtv prpst pr u sprmtz h mss utlzzz dll qu rflu dll t. lu prblm d prlstà lgt ll frtrrgz é prblm d fttsstà frquz dgl tth fug prspr lgt trttmt fttr. V, prò, rrdt h l dstrbuz sul trr d tl rflu ( frtrrgz) vg pprtt h sl, plfl d ltr sstz h ptrbbr ptzlmt ssr v ll vt, s dstrbut quttà ssv. L utlzzz d rflu m fs dsprdt d prdtt fttr, ptrbb prr u prblm rltv ll vtul rz d sstz tut ss l sstz ttv, gl pt,. tut prdtt fttr. Iltr è ssr h tl lqud s prst sld h pss tturr gl ugll dgl tmzztr. Nstt rsultt rggt, sl d u sprmtz pll ffttut dffrt prp ttv dffrt vtg s ptrbbr trrr lus dftv. CONCLUSIONI Csdrt l lvt vrbltà dll qu rflu drvt dll dustr lg, l prgtt h prmss d qudrr rttrzzr l stuz sstt u dll prpl z vz vl dl Pmt. Tl rttrzzz, dtt pr sgl prss prduttv pr tplg d uv dffrt, è stt dspsbl pr ptr ptzzr prvdr quttà qultà dgl fflut lg h vg prdtt g dll sgl zd lgh, m h pr mprdr dv dr d gr pr dmur mt sum d qu. Pr l zd md pl è rsultt d prtlr trss l sluz gstl h prvd u rutlzz grm d rflu prdtt. I prtlr l utlzzz grm dll qu rflu dll t m vl pr trttmt fttr prst dubb vtgg lgt l rsprm dr ll smpltà d gst ltr vstmt rdtt tut st d gst. 50