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1 Agrobiodiversita e produzioni animali: stato dell arte sulle risorse genetiche autoctone e focus sui casi della Pecora Massese, Pecora Garfagnina Bianca e Mucco Pisano!"#$%&&%'()*+%,*-.%/'0%../ 1/.2%33)'1%3%

2 La perdita di biodiversità animale Nel settore zootecnico si sta assistendo da tempo ad una rapida perdita di biodiversità dovuta alla sostituzione delle razze locali con razze selezionate specificatamente perché più produttive e adatte ad un allevamento di tipo industriale. 0# 1$*('*( +0# -,.($%/(& +"# '&',-,.($%/(&!"# $%&'&$%()*(! "!! #!! $!! %!! &!!! &"!! &#!! &$!! &%!! 4/+"'5,6 '()*+*,-./0-( 1.2-)2( 3*,-./0-( 4/()(./-52-

3 Biodiversità delle popolazioni zootecniche in Italia Nel contesto italiano, il concetto di biodiversità è da riferirsi a:! razze autoctone a limitata diffusione,! caratterizzanti le zone rurali svantaggiate,! generalmente legate a tradizioni storiche allevatoriali,! produzioni tipiche locali. La scomparsa di queste razze può determinare:! un impoverimento del patrimonio naturalistico nazionale;! lo spopolamento e l abbandono dei territori rurali;! l aumento del degrado ambientale;! perdita delle produzioni tipiche locali e delle tradizioni culturali.

4 Classificazione FAO delle razze!""" #"!"""!"" $!"" 7)$'82'% 5"(*%*0'-./'" 60'-./'"!"#"$%&'"()*+"+%$),%-./'*0'#0"12++"0' 3)44'()*0'#0"12++0'.'

5 Situazione delle razze autoctone toscane considerate a rischio 1 razza asinina: Asino dell Amiata; 1 razza avicola: Valdarnese Bianca; 6 razze bovine: Calvana, Garfagnina, Maremmana, Mucco Pisano, Pontremolese, Romagnola; 2 razze caprine: Capra della Garfagnana e Capra di Montecristo; 4 razze equine: Cavallo Appenninico, Cavallo Bardigiano, Cavallo Maremmano, Cavallo Monterufolino; 6 razze ovine: Appenninica, Garfagnina Bianca, Massese, Pecora dell Amiata, Pomarancina e Zerasca; 2 razze suine: Cinta senese e Macchiaiola Maremmana.

6 Attività svolte nell ambito del progetto!"#$%&'!"#$%&'%()&*)+&,-%")-')%'.(%'/(*$"0)1(%)!,1'%()23(4"2&5'"*()-(22()!"*#'#$(*5()-(22()%,55()2"!,2')$"#!,*(0),*-,*-"),)4,2&$,%()'2)$%(*-) (4"2&$'4")#'*"),-)"66'!"#$%(',*,2'#')-')7)!,#')#$&-'")8)!"#$%&'(&))")"*'!"#$%&'+&%,&-./.&' 0/&.#&'"'(1##$'2/)&.$9)

7 Fase 1: razze bovine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

8 Fase 1: razze caprine!/.9/:*"*/ &%& &$" %&% %$# %)% %&( %"%!)&!)'!*#,'."$28") $)( $#% $%# $!) $%# $&' $&( $%$ $&! $ $#! $!) $&# (/&./'-"'1)*+%2."$+) %! #$ #" #" #" >%3"?#"/ &' &' &( &) &) ( * && ) ) " &%!"!$!#!* %'!!!# %% $ $ ' $$ $" $$ $# $# ")!$ *!""#!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!")"!"))!")!!")*!")#!")$!")%!")& +,,-!!!!!!!!!!""#!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!")"!"))!")!!")*!")#!")$!")%!")& +,,- 4/+"',006<,=,

9 Fase 1: razze equine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

10 Fase 1: razze ovine,&&%**"*"2/ #$%!& #$#'' #$("( #$!)" #$&!$ #$*&' #$!)) #$'** #$!)! #$)!' #$&(' &!%! #)"(% #)*%! ##&*& #$)))!"!!!%)!!)$$!*"*!!&% &#!)!&)$ &$&&!')(!!)$!)$!#$##!%*(!)&#!)'! **"( *$(# *)&( "'!( '%&' '*"& <)*'/'."$28") (!*& '((( (('% (**! %(!$ #"(* )$"# #&'' #"&* #*&! #!*' #*)% #*%* )$'% )$$! )"'( #&%% % #&##!"""!""#!""!!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!"")!""*!"#"!"##!"#!!"#$!"#%!"#&!"#'!"#(!/.9/:*"*/'A"/*2/ *(% *(( $"&%#$('#'!#$ *)) $%'!(!*& $%&&$ '#( '## $)("' $)##%$$!"& $$"$% $)#"&$#&$( $)')) &( $)! $)) )% $$((# $$)")$)#&($)$)& $)" $(( (# $$(!( ')!# ')# '%" $&(*! $$)!)$$))%$&$)) $&%$# $& )) *"'! *"") *)&) ) ''(& '"!' (&% (&( (() (,'."$28") *#$' '!)' *&(! ' '$)%!"!# <)*'/'."$28")!"")!%!"!!)*!'$% %!! %%% %&' %%% #$ %)" %%" %%" "" $&!" #% "' "& $# &! ($ &( ) %( %) ) ) ) ) ) $ ' * ( & ) )!"""!""#!""!!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!"")!""*!"#"!"##!"#!!"#$!"#%!"#&!"#'!"#( (&** 1/$$%$% )(!% )#'! )($( #&)' #&$" #$&& )&!& )%"& ))$$ $*## $(&% #)* )*$ )"# )$% $'( $'% $!)!"""!""#!""!!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!"")!""*!"#"!"##!"#!!"#$!"#%!"#&!"#'!"#(.-/ ,0 +1/ ,2.-/ ,0 +1/ ,2.-/ ,0 +1/ ,2 =);/./*2"*/!&!(!)%$!'!'!)('!)%&!&#$ S%./$2/ "&! ""$ "&! =%2)./',;"/+/ "(') "%*! "#$( $%$ $,'."$28") **# *$$ $ *(% '%$!#!&,'."$28") +,,- +,,- +,,- &() &&% &'"!"#!$$!"%!"""!""#!""!!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!"")!""*!"#"!"##!"#!!"#$!"#%!"#&!"#'!"#( +,,- #"! $(! $&& >%3"?#"/ )#" )&* &(" &&# '% &!! %& #$ (% $"! "!"""!""#!""!!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!"")!""*!"#"!"##!"#!!"#$!"#%!"#&!"#'!"#( +,,- &"& "#"!!! " # $ "% &' (( (( %( ('!"""!""#!""!!""$!""%!""&!""'!""(!"")!""*!"#"!"##!"#!!"#$!"#%!"#&!"#'!"#( +,,- ")&& 4/+"',006<,=,

11 Fase 1: razze suine!*#)!#!"!$($ ("*+/'0%*%$% &'" ()$ "#*!'#%!!*&!!)%!$!)!!&)!!%#!$'$!!*&!'*( (($!'$$ (%& (&% (&& (%%,'."$28")!'#)!'%(!'*$!'%) ("* (!# (!( )&% ))% )*& )!% &)% #&' #$% **$ *'* $%! $)! $*( $%* $$( $$&!"#!(' $'*!))!)'!)!!)*!#!!#"!#%!#"!*"!*(!*' (* ** &!!""#!""" $%%% $%%! $%%$ $%%& $%%' $%%( $%%) $%%* $%%# $%%" $%!% $%!! $%!$ $%!& $%!' $%!( $%!) $%!* +,-./ ,60 4/+"',<,0

12 Fase II : Mucco Pisano (1 caso studio) F"2"55$23#53+I$%>$11$%":3$,>$! ()*-#R")*%P':,/'2',%(! 0+.#++#.%P o ;$,22, o :'(*'2( o ;'2"# o </1',*$')-')/,!'*,5'"*( o ;,2,)1,%$" o <*.(%/(%',! 0#&%.9"2"%'/R"%*-/3%P'1'=)-')>?@)A,! =%.")-)'-"'/33%7/;%*+)P'-,)1'=)-')B?),**'! =.)-#R")*%P'C,!(22,5'"*()'*),5'(*-,)() 4(*-'$,)-'%($$,

13 Fase II : Mucco Pisano (1 caso studio) 4$#53*,$%",3/"13!,33%7/;%*+)P'<*#'(/(),-),2$%()%,55()DE'/"&#'*()() FG',*'*,H! >"&.)-#++)."P o >IB)%'1%"-&$$"%')D!,/J',$')"6*')KI?),**'H o B?)%'1%"-&$$%'!' o L'1%"-&$$"%')%(1(%'$')-,),2$%'),22(4,/(*$'! 5%2)*-/R")*%P'*,$&%,2()!"*),##'#$(*5,)*(')1',*')-'),!!"11',/(*$"

14 Fase II : Mucco Pisano (1 caso studio) H+$15"%>3%"11$A"2$%1"%2"::"! T#%$+")*"'/99%++"7%! O./-"R")*%'-"'9/;":3"/! 1)+"7"'$+)."2" J",5"KK3! >"7/3#+/R")*%'-%33/'&.)-#R")*%'3)2/3%! =.%RR"';":3")."! ()*+."Q#+"! >"7/3#+/.%'"3'$%++).%'*%3'&)$+UA0V

15 Fase II : Mucco Pisano (1 caso studio) L03,3*,$%>$K13%"11$A"5*23! 1)+"7"'-%3'."$28")'%$+"*R")*%P o!"*!"%%(*5,)%,55()1'=)#1(!',2'55,$( o,jj,*-"*"),).,4"%()-')%,55()#1(!',2'55,$( o /,*!,*5,)-')'*'5',$'4()!G()4,2"%'55'*")2,)%,55,))! 0#::%.";%*+" o C,66'"%')'*4(#$'/(*$')DM;LH o C,66'"%()$&$(2,)-(22,).'2'(%,! 1%.2/+) o &#")#!"%%($$")-(2)*"/()NC&!!")M'#,*"O)!G()!%(,)!"*.&#'"*()$%,)')!"*#&/,$"%' o 1%"/&"4(%()/,66'"%')'*'5',$'4()-')!""1(%,5'"*() 1(%)1%"/&"4(%()2,)%,55,),)2'4(22")/(-',$'!"! 3144/'%/,&%"55"%$'6&')#"64&'7/'&66"8&%6&

16 Fase II : Mucco Pisano (1 caso studio) L03,3*,3%#B11"%1$KK$%&7-M(N&.! <)*'+#++"'%./*)'/'2)*)$2%*R/'-%33%'9":#./' -%33WX/33%7/+).%'2#$+)-%X! >%&#+/*)'3/'9":#./'-%33WX/33%7/+).%'2#$+)-%X'#*' 2#$+)-%X'Y'#*)'$+.#;%*+)'&%.'7/3)."RR/.%'"3'.#)3)' -%33W/33%7/+).%! =)$"+"7/'Y'3W"$+"+#R")*%'-"'#*/'>%+%'*/R")*/3%'-"' /33%7/+)."'2#$+)-"'&%.'9/7).".%'#*';/::").%'./&&).+)' 2)*'$+.#++#.%'$2"%*+"9"28%J!!"#-"R"'"*2%.+"'$#33/'3%::%J

17 Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 caso studio) F"2"55$23#53+I$%>$11$%":3$,>$! ()*-#R")*%P':,/'2',%(! 0+.#++#.%P o ;$,22, o :'(*'2( o ;'2"# o </1',*$')-')/,!'*,5'"*(! 0#&%.9"2"%'/R"%*-/3%P'KI>@@Z/! =%.")-)'-"'/33%7/;%*+)P' o -,)-'4(%#()6(*(%,5'"*' o -,)1"!G'),**')D(##(*5',2/(*$()6'"4,*'H! =.)-#R")*%P''2)2,$$()4'(*()!,#('.'!,$"'*),5'(*-,)()')1%"-"$$')4(*-&$')-'%($$,/(*$(),2)!"*#&/,$"%(9

18 Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 caso studio) 4$#53*,$%",3/"13!,33%7/;%*+)P'P'(*(),22(4,$,)(#!2&#'4,/(*$()2,) C,##(#(! >"&.)-#++)."P o BIQ)%'1%"-&$$"%')D!,/J',$')"6*')7IK),**'H o Q@I7Q@)%'1%"-&$$%'!' o L'1%"-&$$"%')%(1(%'$')-,2)!(*$%")6(*($'!")-') R#!',*")D;<H! 5%2)*-/R")*%P'*,$&%,2()#(*5,),##'#$(*5,)*(')1',*')-'),!!"11',/(*$"

19 Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 caso studio) H+$15"%>3%"11$A"2$%1"%2"::"! T#%$+")*"'/99%++"7%! O./-"R")*%'-"'9/;":3"/! 1)+"7"'$+)."2"! [)3)*+\'-"'/33%7/.%'#*/'./RR/'/#+)2+)*/ J",5"KK3! A#)*/'.%$/'2/$%/."/! 6++";)'/-/++/;%*+)'/'R)*%';/.:"*/3"! 6++";/'?#/3"+\'-"'3/++%'%'2/.*%

20 Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 caso studio) L03,3*,$%>$K13%"11$A"5*23! 1)+"7"'-%3'."$28")'%$+"*R")*%P o S2(4,$")$,##")-')/,#$'$( o R%%($%,$(55,)-')/"2$'),22(4,$"%' o S%%,$()6(#$'"*'),22(4,$"%',2'! 0#::%.";%*+" o <*$(*#'.'!,%()2()'*'5',$'4()-')4,2"%'55,5'"*(),22()+&,2') $&$$')1,%$(!'1(%(JJ(%" o <)!"*$%'J&$'),223,22(4,/(*$")#"*")#&..'!'(*$'0)/,) J'#"6*,)-,%()/,66'"%()#1,5'"),22(),$$'4'$T)-') /(%!,$"! 1%.2/+) o P,2"%'55,5'"*()-(2)%,11"%$")!"*)'2)$(%%'$"%'")DU/)@)() J'"2"6'!"H! 3144/'%/,&%"55"%$'6&')#"64&'7/'&66"8&%6&

21 Fase II : Pecora Massese (I1 caso studio) L03,3*,3%#B11"%1$KK$%&7-M(N&.! <)*'+#++"'%./*)'/'2)*)$2%*R/'-%33%'9":#./' -%33WX/33%7/+).%'2#$+)-%X! >%&#+/*)'3/'9":#./'-%33WX/33%7/+).%'2#$+)-%X'#*' 2#$+)-%X'Y'#*)'$+.#;%*+)'&%.'7/3)."RR/.%'"3'.#)3)' -%33W/33%7/+).%! =)$"+"7/'Y'3W"$+"+#R")*%'-"'#*/'>%+%'*/R")*/3%'-"' /33%7/+)."'2#$+)-"'&%.'9/7).".%'#*';/::").%'./&&).+)' 2)*'$+.#++#.%'$2"%*+"9"28%J

22 Fase II : Pecora Garfagnina Bianca (I1I caso studio) F"2"55$23#53+I$%>$11$%":3$,>$! ()*-#R")*%P':,/'2',%(! 0+.#++#.%P o ;$,22, o VV99! 0#&%.9"2"%'/R"%*-/3%P'KI>@@Z/! =%.")-)'-"'/33%7/;%*+)P' o -,)-'4(%#()6(*(%,5'"*' o -,)1"!G'),**')D(##(*5',2/(*$()6'"4,*'H! =.)-#R")*%P' o '2)2,$$()4'(*()!,#('.'!,$"'*),5'(*-,)()')1%"-"$$') 4(*-&$')-'%($$,/(*$(),2)!"*#&/,$"%( o <2)2,$$()4'(*()4(*-&$"),-),2$%')!,#('.'!'

23 Fase II : Pecora Garfagnina Bianca (I1I caso studio) 4$#53*,$%",3/"13!,33%7/;%*+)P'P'(*(),22(4,$,)(#!2&#'4,/(*$()2,) W,%.,6*'*,)X',*!,! >"&.)-#++)."P o >I?)%'1%"-&$$"%')D!,/J',$')"6*')7IK),**'H o Q@IY@)%'1%"-&$$%'!' o L'1%"-&$$"%')%(1(%'$')-,),2$%'),22(4,/(*$')")-,) %'/"*$,)'*$(%*,! 5%2)*-/R")*%P'*,$&%,2()#(*5,),##'#$(*5,)*(')1',*')-'),!!"11',/(*$"9)L'!G'(-"*")-(')1',*')!G',%'

24 Fase II : Pecora Garfagnina Bianca (I1I caso studio) L03,3*,$%>$K13%"11$A"5*23! 02%3+/'-"'/33%7/.%'3/'./RR/ o S2(4,$,)%&#$'!'$T o M"!G')'*$(%4(*$')#,*'$,%' o F"*$%'J&$'! 1)+"7"'-%3'."$28")'%$+"*R")*%P o F"/1($'5'"*()!"*)%,55()1'=)1%"-&$$'4( o M"!G')'*4(#$'/(*$')-,)1,%$()-(')6'"4,*' o M%(#(*5,)-(2)2&1")*(')1%(##')-(62'),22(4,/(*$'! 0#::%.";%*+" o Z,%()/,66'"%()'/1&2#"),2)/(%!,$"! 1%.2/+) o ;.%&$$,%()'2)%&"2")-(2)/,%!G'")NR6*(22")W,%.,6*'*"O! 3144/'%/,&%"55"%$'6&')#"64&'7/'&66"8&%6&

25 Fase II : Pecora Garfagnina Bianca (I1I caso studio) L03,3*,3%#B11"%1$KK$%&7-M(N&.! O#++"'%./*)'/'2)*)$2%*R/'-%33%'9":#./'-%33WX/33%7/+).%' 2#$+)-%X! >%&#+/*)'3/'9":#./'-%33WX/33%7/+).%'2#$+)-%X'#*' 2#$+)-%X'Y'#*)'$+.#;%*+)'&%.'7/3)."RR/.%'"3'.#)3)' -%33W/33%7/+).%! =)$"+"7/'Y'3W"$+"+#R")*%'-"'#*/'>%+%'*/R")*/3%'-"' /33%7/+)."'2#$+)-"'&%.'9/7).".%'#*';/::").%'./&&).+)' 2)*'$+.#++#.%'$2"%*+"9"28%J

26 Conclusioni generali sui casi studio!3"'/33%7/+)."'+2$>*,*%o$2/"/$,5$*%33w/33%7/;%*+)'-"'2"::$%"b5*+5*,$j' =#*+"'28"/7%'-%"'2/$"'$+#-")P o $7"3#&&/.%'%-'";&3%;%*+/.%'"3'$"$+%;/] o +./..%'A",5"KK3%$+*,*/3+3%&"^'2)*$"$+%*+"D'/++./7%.$)'3/'02*/*:3*,$%>3%,B*A3%02*>*553D'$+";)3/*-)'3/'-);/*-/'-/'&/.+%'-%"'2)*$#;/+)."] o "553A35P%>3%+*,#B1$,:"%'#*#5$K,*"*-"."RR/+%'7%.$)'*00*25B,35P% $+*,*/3+I$%/*>$2,$%$%3,,*A"53A$28%'$9.#++"*)D'&%._D'3%'+*,*#+$,:$% % 1$%02"53+I$%52">3:3*,"13 o."2/;q")':%*%./r")*/3%'-%:3"'/33%7/+)." o 0$2>35"%>3%$#0$23$,:"%%'+*/0$5$,:$%:**5$+,3+I$28%'8/**)' &%.;%$$)'/';)3+%'-"'?#%$+%'./RR%'-"'*)*'%$+"*:#%.$" o 3,5$,#3O3+"2$%31%#*#5$K,*%5$+,3+*%"3%,B*A3%"11$A"5*23D'/*28%'/++./7%.$)' #*/'&"^'$+.%++/'2)33/Q)./R")*%'+./'/33%7/+)."

27 La biodiversità inizia in un lontano passato e punta verso il futuro 5./*$K/*+"*: 0"'."*:./R"/*)P O#++%'3%'/R"%*-%'28%'8/**)'&/.+%2"&/+)'/33/'&.)7/ ;Q;%H,$$)2"/R")*%'@+/3"/*/',33%7/+)."I ;R;SQFH,$$)2"/R")*%'</R")*/3%',33%7/+)."'A)7"*"'@+/3"/*"'(/.*%I ;HHLR;G;H,$$)2"/R")*%'</R")*/3%'-%33/'=/$+)."R"/I ;R;DH,$$)2"/R")*%'</R")*/3%',33%7/+)."'(/7/33)'-"'./RR/'1/.%;;/*/I ;R;HH,$$)2"/R")*%'</R")*/3%',33%7/+)."'0#"*"I'