Lingua e Traduzione Inglese 1 L 11. Francesca Vigo - Classes: Mon Wed 12:00 2:00 p.m. Tue 10-12

Transcript

1 Lingua e Traduzione Inglese 1 L 11 Francesca Vigo - vigof@unict.it Classes: Mon Wed 12:00 2:00 p.m. Tue

2 Observation/awareness of movements and actions. Writing down. <fish>... <ghoti>

3 Writing down. <fish>... <ghoti> <f> [f] <gh> <cough> <i> [I] <o> <women> <sh> [ ] <ti> <motion>

4 Which English? English can take many different forms; It is important to have one variety as a yardstick; It is important not to think that this variety is better than the others; Contemporary standard English is a dialect;

5 How many letters are there in the English Alphabet? 26 How many sounds?

6 English is a stress-timed language The English language is often referred to as stresstimed. This means that stress in a spoken sentence occurs at regular intervals and the length it takes to say something depends on the number of stressed syllables rather than the number of syllables itself. LISTEN AND TELL ME WHAT YOU HEAR (file n. 1) H:\ct\ppt 1st year\l11 resources\ph resources\stress.mp3

7 and 2 and 3 and 4 1 and a 2 and a 3 and a 4 1 and then a 2 and then a 3 and then a 4 The four sentences take the same length of time to say and you will notice the numbers are stressed and the unstressed words in between are said much more quickly in order to keep the rhythm of the language. In other languages, which are not stress-timed the stress would fall more equally on each word and syllable.

8 Read the following words Cut /kʌt/ Sicily scissors / sɪzəәz/ Pay attention to the letter c 8

9 Read the following words Cough /kɒf/ thorough / θʌrəә/ bought /bɔːt/ Sweet /swi:t/ sweat /swet/ great /greɪt/ Suit /sju:t/ 9

10 In writing words are made of letters In speech words are made of sounds Letters are not always the same as sounds 10

11 key car Begin with the same sound but the letters are different. Phonemic symbols: /ki:/ /ka:/ 11

12 There are two kinds of sounds: Consonant sounds (C) Vowel sounds (V) Number of sounds in a word is not usually the same as the number of letters Cfr. duck /dʌk/ 12

13 Night Dog Rabbit Frog Gorilla Snake Bee CVC CVC CVCVC CCVC CVCVCV CCVC CV 13

14 Phonetics vs Phonology una delle parti principali della linguistica, che studia i suoni del linguaggio, i foni, dal punto di vista fisico, cioè della loro realizzazione materiale (F.Casadei, Breve dizionario di fonetica, Roma, Carocci 2001) Una delle parti principali della linguistica, che studia i suoni linguistici.per la funzione che hanno all interno di un sistema linguistico (Casadei F., cit) 14

15 Phonetics is articulatory Phonology is related to sound systems Both costitute the PHONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS

16 British English Received Pronunciation (RP) socially connotated not geographically.

17 Unit Words are made of sounds (because speech comes before writing) How do we counts the different sounds in a word? How many sounds are there in: <pen> <frog>? How can we modify <pen>? We can have <pan> <ten> <pin> And <frog>

18 The minimal unit of Phonetics and Phonology is the PHONEME. PHONEMES are underlying sounds, unreal sounds, abstract concpets. Every language has its own PHONEME INVENTORY.

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20 The vocal tract 20

21 Terminologia di base GRAFEMI: segni alfabetici indipendentemente dalla loro pronuncia (sono racchiusi tra < >) FONI: suoni come tali indipendentemente dal loro ruolo nel sistema fonologico di una data lingua (sono racchiusi tra []) FONEMI: unità capaci di costituire opposizioni significative all interno del sistema di una data lingua (sono racchiusi tra //) 21

22 Come si identificano i foni consonantici in base a: LUOGO di articolazione MODO di articolazione POSIZIONE delle corde vocali (sorda/sonora voiceless/voiced) 22

23 A. Luogo Per capire, conoscere e sentire i singoli suoni emessi è importante conoscere il nostro apparato fonatore: 23

24 Apparato fonatore labbra lips denti teeth - dental arcata alveolare alveolar ridge palato palate velo soft palate /velum faringe pharinx laringe larynx naso nose questi costituiscono i luoghi possibili di articolazione 24

25 B. Modo il percorso del flusso di aria determina o il MODO in cui un fono viene prodotto: occlusiva plosive fricativa fricative affricata africate nasale nasal liquida liquid senza frizione frictionless/glide l opposizione sorda/sonora si riferisce alla posizione delle corde vocali 25

26 C. Posizione corde vocali l opposizione sorda/sonora si riferisce alla posizione delle corde vocali 26

27 consonanti bilabials labiodentals dental alveolars palatoalveolar palatals velars glottals Plosives Fricatives Africates Nasals Liquids Frictionless approximants Glides p b t d k g f v θδ s z ʃ ʒ h ʧ ʤ m n ŋ l w r j 27

28 Write the following words near the correct symbol according to the underlined letters. Glasses dog hot drive letter Pen red music book car president football study teacher name work /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /h/ /l/ /r/ /m/ /n/ /w/ 28

29 Ex 11C Pre. Int Write the following words near the correct symbol according to the underlined letters. Glasses /g/ dog/d/ hot/h/ drive /v/ letter /l/ pen /p/ red /r/ music /m/ book /b/ /k/ car /k/ president /z/ football /f/ study /s/ teacher /t/ name/n/ work /w/ 29

30 Tick if the symbols match the sounds of the letters underlined a. Why /h/ b. who /h/ c. Photograph /ph/ d. Cinema /s/ e. Scissors /sk/ f. Laugh /gh/ g. Knife /n/ h. Verb /v/ i. question /kw/ j. Class /k/ k. Rose /s/ l. Writing /wr/ 30

31 Tick if the symbols match the sounds of the letters underlined a. Why b. who /h/ c. Photograph d. Cinema /s/ e. Scissors f. Laugh g. Knife /n/ h. Verb /v/ i. question /kw/ j. Class /k/ k. Rose l. Writing a. Why /w/ b. who c. Photograph /f/ d. Cinema e. Scissors /s/ f. Laugh /f/ g. Knife h. Verb i. question j. Class k. Rose /z/ l. Writing /w/ 31