Prospettive dell uso delle biomasse nel settore energetico Panoramica politica energetica europea dopo COP21 e rilevanza del ruolo delle biomasse Prof. Samuele Furfari Consigliere del DG DG Energia Milano 20 aprile 2016
Unione dell'energia Energia sicura, sostenibile, competitiva e a prezzi accessibili per l'europa 1 2 3 4 5 Source: Directorate-General for Energy
Obbiettivi per il 2020 e 2030 SM 2020-20 % Greenhouse Gas Emissions 20% Renewable Energy 20 % Energy Efficiency 10 % Interconnection 030-40 % Greenhouse Gas Emissions 27 % Renewable Energy 27%* Energy Efficiency 15 % Interconnection UE * To be reviewed by 2020, having in mind an EU level of 30% New governance system + indicators
Share of new-ren in primary demand (2014) Sweden Denmark Italy Spain EU Germany United Kingdom Belgium OECD Australia U.S.A. France Japan Total World China Canada Israel South Africa South Korea Iran 7% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0.5% 0.4% 0% 18% 15% 13% 11% 20% 48% 26% 36% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 19% 5% 8% Idro Eolico Solare Biomasse Geotermia
Parte delle energie rinnovabile nell'uso finale di energia (obbiettivo di 20% per il 2020) 20% 20% RES target 15% RES share 10% 5% 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Parte delle rinnovabili per Stato Membro 50% Obbiettivo 2020 e risultato 2014 energia finale 142% 153% 180% 160% 140% 40% 113% 120% 115% 100% 30% 85% 80% 63% 61% 60% 20% 40% 20% 10% 0% -20% 0% -40% 2014 deployment 2020 target Delta
Leading Member States REN Type Geothermal heat Geothermal electricity Heat Pumps Solar thermal Solar PV Wind Biomass Leaders Italy Italy Italy, Sweden, France Germany, Greece, Austria and Cyprus Germany, Italy, Spain Spain, Portugal Sweden, Finland and Estonia
20%, ma quale? (2009) 3.000 Green X balanced scenario projection of renewable energy growth (TWh, EU25) 2.500 2.000 Wind offshore Biofuels Solar thermal heating Wind onshore HP 1.500 1.000 Biomass, biogas, biowaste - H 45% 500 Bio - E 0 Hydro 2005 2010 2015 2020
Bioenergy: the EU leading renewable energy source EU final renewable energy consumption (2012-2020,%)
Energie primarie per il calore e raffrescamento (UE) Biomassa 11% Altre Rin. 7% Altre 4% Nucleare 7% Gas 46% Petrolio 10% Carbone 15%
% of total Renewable % REN in primary (circle) and final (square) energy Il podio europeo 100% 60% 90% 80% 50% 70% 60% 40% 50% 30% 40% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% Wind Solar Svezia Finlandia Lettonia Tide, Wave and Ocean Hydro 0% Biomass and Renewable Wastes Geothermal Renewable share primary energy (%) Renewable share final energy (%)
Bioenergy (Mtoe) Bioenergy end use (2005-2020) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 Heating and Cooling Electricity Transport
Mtoe Principali paesi produttori di biomasse per calore 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 FR DE SE FI PL IT AT ES RO DK Fonte: CE 2012
Canelli (AT)
Definizione di biomassa "Energia da fonti rinnovabili": fonti energetiche rinnovabili non fossili: eolica, solare, geotermica, dal moto ondoso, maremotrice, idraulica, biomassa, gas di discarica, gas residuati dai processi di depurazione e biogas; "biomassa significa la frazione biodegradabile dei prodotti, rifiuti e residui d origine biologica provenienti dall'agricoltura (comprendente sostanze vegetali e animali), dalla silvicoltura e dalle industrie connesse incluso pesca e acquacoltura, nonché la parte biodegradabile dei rifiuti industriali e urbani. Se a Napoli si chiama mondezza per il legislatore europeo è una ricchezza!
CO 2 neutra e disponibile CO 2 Il problema di fondo non è la disponibilità delle biomasse, ma il management sostenibile di produzione ed uso delle bioenergie senza alterare l ambiente ed i raccolti per le industrie agroalimentari.
Cosa facciamo con i rifiuti? Fonte: 2013, data 2011, Eurostat http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Strategia UE per il calore e raffrescamento Elettricità Trasporti Calore Domanda finale di energia nell'ue Source: Directorate-General for Energy
Biomassa Fondi Regionali Rete di calore Cogenerazione Source: Directorate-General for Energy
The RES framework post 2020 Based on a full delivery of the 2020 framework EU-level at least 27 % target fulfilled through MS contributions No MS binding RES targets, but EU level measures More regional cooperation and coordination
Review of the renewables energy directive Consumer at the core Specific provisions on heating and cooling + transport Based on a full delivery of the 2020 framework More regional cooperation and coordination EU-level at least 27 % target fulfilled through MS contributions No nationally binding RES targets, but individual MS may set higher national targets
EU policy on bioenergy sustainability post-2020 Objectives: deliver robust GHG savings avoid significant environmental impacts guarantee fair resource competition Approach: Build on existing experience from the EU biofuel sustainability criteria Maximize synergies with relevant EU policies (e.g. LULUCF regime, energy efficiency, Common Agriculture Policy etc.) Analyse need for EU action, avoid unnecessary administrative burden, consult widely stakeholders
EU bioenergy sustainability share your views! Online public consultation: Benefits of bioenergy Risk of bioenergy Effectiveness of existing EU sustainability criteria Relevance of existing EU environmental policies Options for an improved EU policy on bioenergy sustainability post-2020 Until 10 May https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/consultations/preparation-sustainable-bioenergypolicy-period-after-2020
EU research on bioenergy sustainability Biomass supply and demand potentials (JRC) Carbon impacts of bioenergy use by 2030 (CARBINE) Resource efficiency impacts of bioenergy (GLOBIOM) ILUC quantification study on biofuels Carbon performance of wood substitution Best practices on cascading of wood use
Grazie! samuele.furfari@ec.europa.eu