Intro Laboratorio Carsim 1
Proving ground: i tracciati disponibili Car and Industrial Vehicles Circular Tracks Rolling Track Slopes Unpaved Track Noise Track Vehicle Dynamic Track Off-Road Tracks Curbstone Track Truck Dynamic Platform Low-Mu Surface Africa Unpaved Track Oval Unpaved Track Handling Track Special Pavements Track Cross-Country Unpaved Track Intro Laboratorio Carsim 2
Proving ground: i numeri Vehicle Circular Track - TEST TRACKS - ~ 75 km 12.6 km Industrial Vehicle Circular Track Unpaved Tracks Handling Track Special Surfaces Tracks Noise Track 12.5 km 40.0 km 6.2 km 1.2 km 2.1 km Vehicle & Industrial Vehicle Dynamic Platforms 125.000 m 2 Intro Laboratorio Carsim 3
Proving ground: Vehicle circular track Intro Laboratorio Carsim 4
Proving ground: Vehicle circular track CAR R = 2000 m INDUSTRIAL VEHICLE PATROL LANES EMERCENCY LANES EMERGENCY Length of lane (m) 3 4 4 4 4 5 3 5 4 6,6 km/h compensated 240 193 140 100 141 84 Elevation (cm) 198 108 50 16 0 0 0-38 -51 Transversal Inclination 12 36 8 06 4 30 1 48 3 36 0 54 Transversal Slope 22,5% 14,5% 8,5% 4% 3,7% 3,7% 7,4% 2% Metal guard-rail Emergency lanes Truck driving lanes Emergency lane Vehicle driving lanes Anti-dozing bumps Intro Laboratorio Carsim 5
SEA LEVEL (m) 0,8491 0,0999 1,1994 2,0001 0,6904-0,2648-1,0690 0,0000-0,1788-2,0001-0,9055 0,5647 0,8491 Proving ground: Vehicle circular track 75,77 28,06 Km 0 Km 1 Km 2 Km 3 Km 4 Km 5 Km 6 Km 7 Km 8 Km 9 Km 10 Km 11 Km 12 Km 12,5 Lane Length (m) Speed Max Speed Compensation (km/ h) (km/ h) 0 12680.103 240 492.317 I 12654.969 193 457.098 II 12629.835 140 429.484 III 12604.701 100 408.948 Intro Laboratorio Carsim 6
Proving ground: Vehicle circular track Attività svolte: o Prove di durata (u.d.m. Milioni di kilometri) o Prove di affidabilità (sul veicolo o sul componente) o Prove di velocità o Prove di aerodinamica o Test pneumatici o Test climatici Intro Laboratorio Carsim 7
Proving ground: Handling track Intro Laboratorio Carsim 8
Proving ground: Handling track Circuit length: 6.222 m Straight lane length: 1.000 m Width: 15m main straight line - 12,50 m remaining parts Bends: N. 7 right-hand, 9 left-hand Banking: 7%; ( 2,5%) Longitudinal slopes: variable from +5,78% to -6,90%; Intro Laboratorio Carsim 9
Proving ground: Handling track LONG Circuit Length [mt] 6222 Carriageway [mt] 15/12,5 Straight lane [mt] 980 Left/Rigth Curves 12/12 Track direction Count.-Clockwise Reference Lap Time (Punto Abarth 155 HP) 3'06'' Reference Lap Time (Sport Car) 2'40'' MEDIUM - A Circuit Length [mt] 5106 Carriageway [mt] 15/12,5 Straight lane [mt] 980 Left/Rigth Curves 9/10 Track direction Count.-Clockwise Reference Lap Time (Punto Abarth 155 HP) 2'35'' Reference Lap Time (Sport Car) 2'14'' MEDIUM - B Circuit Length [mt] 3878 Carriageway [mt] 15/12,5 Straight lane [mt] 947 Left/Rigth Curves 8/6 Track direction Count.-Clockwise Reference Lap Time (Punto Abarth 155 HP) 1'57'' Reference Lap Time (Sport Car) 1'41'' SHORT Circuit Length [mt] 2766 Carriageway [mt] 15/12,5 Straight lane [mt] 947 Left/Rigth Curves 5/4 Track direction Count.-Clockwise Reference Lap Time (Punto Abarth 155 HP) 1'29'' Reference Lap Time (Sport Car) 1'15'' Intro Laboratorio Carsim 10
Proving ground: Handling track Length: 6222 mt. Intro Laboratorio Carsim 11
Proving ground: Handling track Length: 6222 mt. Start Length: 5106 mt. Intro Laboratorio Carsim 12
Proving ground: Handling track Length: 6222 mt. Start Length: 5106 mt. Length: 3878 mt. Intro Laboratorio Carsim 13
Proving ground: Handling track Attività svolte: o Analisi delle proprietà di handling o Analisi di differenti setups o Prove di durabilità o Prove di confronto o Test pneumatici (uguali e differenti) o Test strumenti di ausilio alla guida o Confronto tra vetture Intro Laboratorio Carsim 14
Proving ground: Car dynamic track Intro Laboratorio Carsim 15
Proving ground: Car dynamic track Accelerations from stand still (esercitazioni CarSim); Objective Handling Analysis: ISO Standard Manoeuvres; Objective Braking Analysis (esercitazioni CarSim);; Low-mu surfaces Intro Laboratorio Carsim 16
Deceleration [g] Deceleration [g] Pressure [bar] Proving ground: Car dynamic track 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 STATIC TEST VEHICLE XXX VEHICLE ZZZ VEHICLE YYY VEHICLE KKK 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Pedal effort [kg] VEHICLE ZZZ VEHICLE KKK VEHICLE YYY VEHICLE XXX BRAKING INDEX VALUES 9.27 10.34 2.42 8.25 7.29 4.47 9.80 8.82 3.58 9.40 9.80 2.18 INDEX 1 INDEX 2 INDEX 3 INDEX 4 INDEX 5 INDEX 6 5.65 6.79 6.22 6.65 4.70 4.74 7.69 6.41 0.63 6.89 8.03 4.02 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0-0.1 VEHICLE YYY Pedal travel - Ax 0-0.1 Pedal energy - Ax VEHICLE YYY -0.2 VEHICLE KKK -0.2 VEHICLE XXX -0.3 VEHICLE XXX -0.3 VEHICLE KKK -0.4 VEHICLE ZZZ -0.4 VEHICLE ZZZ -0.5-0.6-0.5-0.7-0.6-0.8-0.7-0.9-0.8-1 -0.9-1.1-1 -1.2-1.1-1.3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Travel [mm] -1.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Pedal energy [J] Intro Laboratorio Carsim 17
Proving ground: Car dynamic track Dynamic Track City simulation on NTC dynamic platform is intended for pre-production vehicles with high confidentiality level (cycles not executable on public road) Intro Laboratorio Carsim 18
Proving ground: Low-mu surfaces Piattaforma di ceramica bagnata Intro Laboratorio Carsim 19
Proving ground: Low-mu surfaces Attività svolte: o Accelerazione mu-slip (esercitazione CarSim) o Frenata mu-split (esercitazione CarSim) o Test pneumatici (uguali e differenti) o Test strumenti di ausilio alla guida (TC ABS ESP) Intro Laboratorio Carsim 20
Proving ground: Special pavement track Intro Laboratorio Carsim 21
Proving ground: Special pavement track Pavè Twist Cobblestone Pot Holes Railways lines Washboard road Intro Laboratorio Carsim 22
Proving ground: Special pavement track Heavy Pavé: total length: 375; width: 4 m. Belgian Pavé: 200m. Belgian Pavé with Pot Holes carrier wave: 100m. Belgian Pavé with Twist carrier wave (torsion): 75m. Twist: total length: 40; width: 4 m. Comfort Track: total length: 530 m.; width: 4 m. Pot Holes (positive/negative; left side, right side, L+R side): 100+100+95 m. Long Wave: 100m. (wheelbase: 35m.) Washboards Road (in curve): 110m. with variable wave distance Cobblestone: total length: 250 m.; width: 4 m. (river stones 10/12 type) Asphalt Railway Lines: total length: 43,2 m.; width: 2,8 m.; n 10 lines (wheelbase: 4,8 m.; section: 1*1 cm.) TWIST COBBLESTONE POT HOLES (L) POT HOLES (R) POT HOLES (L + R) LONG WAVE RAILWAY LINES HEAVY PAVE WASHBOARD ROAD Intro Laboratorio Carsim 23
Proving ground: Special pavement track Attività svolte: o Test sul ride (esercitazione CarSim) o Test comfort o Test sulla rumorosità o Test sospensioni (durabilità e affidabilità) Intro Laboratorio Carsim 24
Proving ground: Unpaved road Mud road White Track Tyre Laceration Africa Off-road slopes Cross country Intro Laboratorio Carsim 25
Proving ground: Unpaved road Attività svolte: o Test comportamento fuoristrada o Test comfort o Test sulla rumorosità o Test sospensioni (durabilità e affidabilità) o Test lacerazione pneumatici o Test superamento dell ostacolo Intro Laboratorio Carsim 26
Proving ground: Rolling Track For fatigue and durability tests of specific components: driveline, gearboxes and differentials. For its particular configuration, it is possible to reproduce slips, simulating some conditions of grips such as icy surfaces. (CarSim simulation suggested...) Intro Laboratorio Carsim 27
Proving ground: Concrete slopes 6% 12% 18% 30% Intro Laboratorio Carsim 28
Proving ground: Concrete slopes Attività svolte: o Test comportamento fuoristrada o Test superamento dell ostacolo o Test di coast-down Intro Laboratorio Carsim 29
Proving ground: Noise track Total length Width 2.132 m 4 m Noise track area A certified according to ISO 10844 standard Noise track area A with 8mm chipping size surface according to ISO 10844 revision Noise track area B with 14mm chipping size surface according ISO 10844 revision Light pavè surface Noise track area Intro Laboratorio Carsim 30
Proving ground: Instrumentation Acquisition System: Dewetron DEWE-2521, 64 channels National Instruments card Sensors: Steering wheel dyno RMS FEL 20/1 Driver input Linear transducers Penny and Gilles Body motion Wheel loads, torques and spin (4 wheels) Software: Gyroscopic accelerometric platform KISTLER IMU 3F-3C RMS FEM 33/2 Ride height laser sensors M1-L400 Optical sensor Corrsys Datron Mod. S-CE Sensor Dynamometric wheels KISTLER RoaDyn Steering angle Steering torque Gas pedal position Brake pedal position Yaw rate Pitch rate Roll rate Ax Ay Az Front left Front right Rear left Rear right Vehicle speed Sideslip angle Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz w Vehicle Dynamics Analysis Data post-processing VeDaPost Intro Laboratorio Carsim 31
Proving ground: Tests performed Analysis Manoeuvres Specifications Steering pad R= 30m, 40m, 60m, 100m; Step steer V= 100 and 150 kph, steer steps= 5 ; Steady state Transient Steering system Cross-coupling lat-long Slow ramp steer V= 100 kph, steer ramp 3s and 6s; Limit step steer V= 100 and 150 kph, Dvol aymax and 1.5*Dvol aymax ; Handling Track Lap Constant speed and limit track laps. Step steer V= 100 and 150 kph, steer steps= 5 ; Sweep V= 100 and 150 kph, a y0 = 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g* (*): if linear; Lane change V= 90 kph, a RMS y = 0.36g. Sinusoids V= 60 e 120 kph, a RIF y = 0.25g; Step steer V= 100 and 150 kph; Parking manoeuvres V= 0 e V MIN. Braking in a turn R= 100m, a RIF y = 0.6g, a x = 0.1g a MAX x (a x steps: 0.1g); Power on cornering R= 100 m, a RIF y = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6g; Power off cornering R= 100 m, a RIF y = 0.4g a MAX y (step a y = 0.1g). Intro Laboratorio Carsim 32
RIDE CONFORT: Tests performed Acquisition System: Dewetron DEWE-2521, 64 channels National Instruments card Sensors: Driver Triaxial Body sensor B&K 4322 type Seat back Seat cushion Ax, Ay, Az Cockpit Monoaxial capacitive accelerometers B&K 4574 type -10g ENDEVCO 7290 type Running board Steering wheel Ax, Ay, Az Body motion Monoaxial capacitive accelerometers B&K 4574 type -10g B&K 4573 type -30g Wheel hubs Domes Front/rear Left/right Optical sensor Corrsys Datron Mod. S- CE Sensor Vehicle speed Intro Laboratorio Carsim 33
RIDE CONFORT: Tests performed Phenomena Vibration Analysis Specifications Smooth surface Last gear constant speed rides on high speed track (100 and 140 kph) Random Unpaved surface 2 gear 40 kph constant speed rides on cobblestone 2 gear 30 kph constant speed rides on heavy pavè 3 gear 60 kph constant speed rides on potholes Transitory Asperity 3 gear symmetric rides on 25x100 rail at 30 kph 3 gear asymmetric rides on 25x100 rail at 50 kph 3 gear rides on manhole 74x110x5 at 30 kph Intro Laboratorio Carsim 34