I servizi di distribuzione urbana delle consegne espresse in Italia fra tutela ambientale, riduzione del traffico e ricerca dell efficienza

Transcript

1 I servizi di distribuzione urbana delle consegne espresse in Italia fra tutela ambientale, riduzione del traffico e ricerca dell efficienza #$%&#'()(*$+*,-)(.$-/-0#*'(*( Rapporto realizzato con il contributo di AICAI "8 "

2 INDICE 1. Introduzione 8: I mercati rilevanti della logistica urbana 2. 1 La domanda 8:":"2.+&$(,($-00+&$(#;(&+<#(; 8:":8=-4+/# 8:":>/-*.+?*++&(<(&(%&?+*<( 2.2 L offerta 8:8:"@&#.A-&<-(*$-*<-A&-A&(- 8:8:8@&#.A-&<-(*$-*<-<+&,('+?;(-A+&#<-&('(;-?(.<($# 8:8:>@&#.A-&<-(*$-*<-<+&,('+?;(-A+&#<-&(*-*.<&%<<%&#<( 8:8:B6;$-&&(+&++.A&+..- 8:8:C/-*D&-*<-'+;;+$#&#<<+&(.<($E+<+$*($E+'+(F+<<-&( 3. Le zone a traffico limitato in Europa >:"Obiettivi delle ZTL >:":"G#&('%,(-*+'+;<&#DD($- >:":8G#&('%,(-*+'+;;H(*I%(*#0+*<- >:":>1-*<+'(+*<&#<#A+&;H+*<+;-$#;+ >:":BG#;-<<##;;H+F#.(-*+D(.$#;+ >:8Gli strumenti di implementazione delle ZTL >:8:"G+A&(*$(A#;(0-'#;(<J'(#<<%#,(-*+ >:8:8K-'+;;('(?+.<(-*+'+;;H#$$+..-+<+$*-;-?(+'(+*D-&$+0+*< >:8:>L&-D(;('(A&(F#$M >:>Gli effetti dell introduzione delle ZTL >:>:"G#&('%,(-*+'+;<&#DD($- >:>:8G#&('%,(-*+'+;;H(*I%(*#0+*<- >:>:>GH(0A#<<-.%;;H+$-*-0(#;-$#;+ >:>:BGH#$$+<<#N(;(<J.-$(#;+'+;;#O@G+?;(+DD+<<(&+'(.<&(N%<(F(D&#?;(.<#P+E-;'+& 4. I centri di consolidamento urbano B:"60-'+;;(.-$(+<#&( B:8G#$-*F+*(+*,#+$-*-0($##;;H%<(;(,,- B:>G#.-.<+*(N(;(<J+$-*-0($# 5. Profili normativi C:"6;.+&F(,(-A%NN;($-A-.<#;+ C:8G#'+;+?#*-&0#<(F##(/-0%*( C:>G#/-*.%;<#'+;;H5%<-<&#.A-&<-+'+;;#G-?(.<($# C:B6;A-<+&+'+;K(*(.<&-'+(@&#.A-&<( C:C6;<&#DD($-F+($-;#&++Q<&#%&N#*- 8

3 C:RS;((*<+&F+*<('+;;H5%<-&(<JS#&#*<+'+;;#/-*$-&&+*,#+'+;K+&$#<-: C:TL&-D(;(A+*#;('+;;+;(0(<#,(-*(D&#AA-.<+#;;H+.A;+<#0+*<-'+;.+&F(,(-A%NN;($- C:U6;D+'+&#;(.0-$-0A+<(<(F-D&#.<#<-V&+?(-*++'+*<(;-$#;( 6. Profili ambientali R:"20(..(-*(F+($-;#&(+(*I%(*#0+*<-%&N#*-W&(D+&(0+*<(<+$*($(+*-&0#<(F( R:86*I%(*#0+*<-?;-N#;+V'(A&-..(0(<J+'+DD($(+*,#+*+&?+<($#*+;;X#%<-<&#,(-*+ R:> GH(*I%(*#0+*<- #<0-.D+&($- '# #%<-F+($-;(W %*# F#;%<#,(-*+ D&# ;+ '(F+&.+ A&-A-.<+ <+$*($E+ A&+.+*<(+D%<%&+ T:Proposte di armonizzazione e coordinamento delle norme sulle ZTL in Italia T:":Y-&0+'((*'(&(,,-+$--&'(*#0+*<-'+(/-0%*((*0#<+&(#'($(&$-;#,(-*+%&N#*# T:8:5;<&+0(.%&+$-0A;+0+*<#&(V'##'-<<#&.(#<<&#F+&.-A&-FF+'(0+*<(;-$#;(V&+?(-*#;(-*#,(-*#;( Alla redazione del rapporto hanno partecipato Caterina Flick, Livia Magrone Furlotti, Massimo Marciani, Mario Montanucci Pignatelli, Vincenzo Visco Comandini >

4 1. Introduzione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`-DDD&#('%+-N(+<<(F('(&('%,(-*+ '+;;H(*I%(*#0+*<- #<0-.D+&($-V A(^.<&%<<%&#;+ Z0# #*$E+V $-0+ F+'&+0-[ A-<+*,(#;0+*<+ &+?&+..(F-V+$-*<+*(0+*<-'+;<&#DD($-%&N#*-$E+$-(*F-;?+(*0-'-'(F+&.-;+$#<+?-&(+$-;A(<+V.-;- #;$%*+ '+;;+ I%#;(.-*- +;+<<-&(: a+ #'-<<#<-.+*,# %*H#'+?%#<# F#;%<#,(-*+ '+;;H(0A#<<- #0N(+*<#;+$-0A;+..(F-+'+?;(+DD+<<(+$-*-0($(V%*A&-FF+'(0+*<-'(&+.<&(,(-*+A%b#''(&(<<%&# D#& $&+.$+&+ ;H(*I%(*#0+*<- '+;;H#&(# #; '( D%-&( '+;;# O@GV *-*$E]?+*+&#&+ &('%,(-*( #*,($E] 0(?;(-&#0+*<( '+; N+*+..+&+.-$(#;+: 6; N(;#*$(#0+*<- D&# ( '%+ -N(+<<(F( &#AA&+.+*<# '%*I%+ %*#.D('#A+&(?-F+&*(*#,(-*#;(+;-$#;(V$E+'+NN-*-&(%.$(&+#'#&0-*(,,#&+.(#(*<+&+..(+<+&-?+*+( $E+.$+;<+'(N&+F++'(;%*?-A+&(-'-: G#/-00(..(-*+2%&-A+#_D-&<+0+*<+(0A+?*#<#.%;<+0#V+E#'(&+$+*<+A&+.+*<#<-%*-.<%'(-.%;;+&+.<&(,(-*(#;;H#$$+..-*+($+*<&(%&N#*('+;;+$(<<J+%&-A++Z6a6a`Lc/V89"9[V(*$%(F+*?-*- +*%$;+#<(?;(.<#P+E-;'+& + ( ;-&- (*<+&+..(V #*$E+ <+*+*'- $-*<- '+;;# $&+.$+*<+.+*.(N(;(<J '+( $(<<#'(*(A+&;+I%+.<(-*('(<%<+;##0N(+*<#;++'(I%#;(<J'+;;#F(<#%&N#*#V*-*$E]'+;&%-;-$&%$(#;+.F-;<-'#;;+$(<<J*+;;-.F(;%AA-+$-*-0($-*#,(-*#;+:G#/-00(..(-*+E##<<%#;0+*<+(*$-&.-%* #;<&-.<%'(-.%; <&#.A-&<- %&N#*- '+;;+ 0+&$( Z/#0A#?*# + '+;;+ a(<+v 89""[V $E+ #DD&-*<# ;# I%+.<(-*+ '#; A%*<- '( F(.<# '+?;( -A+&#<-&( $-00+&$(#;(V (* $%( F+*?-*- D&# ;H#;<&- '(.$%..( -AA-&<%*(<J + &(.$E( '+;;H#'-,(-*+ '( A(#<<#D-&0+ ;-?(.<($E+?+.<(<+ '#?;( +*<( ;-$#;( Z(* $%(?;( -A+&#<-&( $-*.+?*#*- ;+ ;-&- 0+&$( A+& ;# '(.<&(N%,(-*+ '( d%;<(0-0(?;(-e[v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fVE#.-<<-;(*+#<-A&-A&(- ;H(0A-&<#*,#'('(DD-*'+&++A&-0%-F+&+;++.A+&(+*,+A(^.(?*(D($#<(F++;+?--'A&#$<($+.V($%( -N(+<<(F(.-*-.<#<(#*#;(,,#<(*+;;+'(F+&.+<+0#<($E+#DD&-*<#<+*+;$#A:>: 6;&#AA-&<-.($-*$+*<&#.%;<+0#'+;;#0-N(;(<J%&N#*#'+;;+0+&$(V($%(-A+&#<-&(.-*--FF(#0+*<+ (*<+&+..#<( #;;+ *-&0+.%;;+ O@GV (* $%( ;H(*<+&+..+ A%NN;($- '+F+ '# %* ;#<- #..($%&#&+ B

5 ;H#AA&-FF(?(-*#0+*<-+DD($(+*<++;#$(&$-;#,(-*+'+;;+0+&$(V'#;;H#;<&-&('%&&+I%#*<-A(^A-..(N(;+ ;H(0A#<<- '( <#;+ $(&$-;#,(-*+.%;;# $-*?+.<(-*+ %&N#*# Z.( <+*?# A&+.+*<+ $E+ (; <&#.A-&<- 0+&$( #;;H(*<+&*- '+;;+ &#AA&+.+*<# 0+'(#0+*<+.-;- (; "9g '+; <&#DD($- F+($-;#&+[ +.%;;# I%#;(<J '+;;H#&(#:6'%+-N(+<<(F(A-..-*-+..+&+#&0-*(,,#<(#<<&#F+&.-;H#'-,(-*+'(#'+?%#<+0(.%&+#<<+#W "[ A&-0%-F+&+ ;H+DD($(+*,# <+$*($# '+?;( -A+&#<-&(V (*$+*<(F#*'- -' -NN;(?#*'- ;+ (0A&+.+ '( <&#.A-&<- #' -A+&#&+ $-* D#<<-&( '( $#&($- -<<(0(,,#<(V + 8[ A&-0%-F+&+ ;H%.- '( F+($-;( # N#..- (*I%(*#0+*<-V A&+0(#*'- ( 0+,,( A(^ 0-'+&*( +' +$-;-?($(V $-0+ # 4-0# - # L#&0#V - #*$E+ D(..#*'-'#<+D%<%&+'('(F(+<-#..-;%<-'($(&$-;#,(-*+A+&I%+;;(0#??(-&0+*<+(*I%(*#*<(:a-;-(* I%+.<-0-'-V(*D#<<(V?;(-A+&#<-&('+;<&#.A-&<-0+&$(V$E+&#AA&+.+*<#*-0+'(#0+*<+(;"9`"Cg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h%+.<+$#<+?-&(+A&+.+*<#*-N(.-?*(+ <+0A( '( $-*.+?*# 0-;<- '(DD+&+*<( '( $%( <+*+&+ $-*<- *+;;# A&-?&#00#,(-*+V (* #;$%*( $#.( (* D%*,(-*+ '+;;+ +.(?+*,+ '+;;+ D(;(+&+ + '+?;( %<+*<( D(*#;(: a+ (*D#<<( ;#?&#*'+ '(.<&(N%,(-*+ A%b -&?#*(,,#&.( A+& $-*.+?*+ (* D#.$+ -&#&(+ D(..+ +?;( -A+&#<-&( *-*.<&%<<%&#<(.-*- <-$$#<(.-;- 0#&?(*#;0+*<+ '#( '(F(+<( 'H(*?&+..- A+&$E] *-* E#**- #;$%*# *+$+..(<J '( -<<(0(,,#,(-*+ '( A+&$-&.( + $#&($E(V.(# ( $-&&(+&( +.A&+..( Z$E+ &(D-&*(.$-*- $-* $-*.+?*+ %&?+*<(?;( +.+&$(,( $-00+&$(#;(.+$-*'-;#;-?($#'+;Just in Time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b?+*+&#&+%*#%0+*<-#*,($E]%*#&('%,(-*+'+;;#$-*?+.<(-*+.(#*+;;+,-*++.<+&*+ #;;# O@G.(# #*$E+ #;;H(*<+&*- '( I%+.<+V A+&$E] $-*$+*<&# ;+ #<<(F(<J $-00+&$(#;( (* A-$E+ -&+ (*F+$+'('(;%(&;+*+;;#?(-&*#<#V&(.$E(#*'-A+&#;<&-'(&('%&&+(;(F+;;('(.+&F(,(-*+($+*<&(%&N#*(: 1&#?;( -N(+<<(F( '+;;# O@GV.<# +0+&?+*'-.+0A&+ A(^.A+..- ;H+.(?+*,# '+( $-0%*( '( -<<+*+&+ *%-F+ D-*<( 'H+*<&#<#V $E+ ;(.A(*?+ #' #'-<<#&+V $-0+ _.<#<- &+$+*<+ '+;(N+&#<- '#; /-0%*+ '( K(;#*-V.<&%0+*<('(Congestion Charge:a+(;A#?#0+*<-'(%*#<#&(DD#A+&;H(*?&+..-*+;;#O@G_ %*-.<&%0+*<- (* ;(*+# <+-&($# +DD($(+*<+ '#; A%*<- '( F(.<# +$-*-0($-V A+&$E] <#..#.+$-*'- (; A&(*$(A(-'+;N+*+D($(-ZA#?#*-$-;-&-$E+;-$-*.%0#*-[V*+;;#D#<<(.A+$(+A%b#F+&+#;0+*-'%+ +DD+<<((*'+.('+&#<(: 6; A&(0- (*$-*F+*(+*<+ _ %* A-<+*,(#;+ $-*D;(<<- $-* ;# <%<+;# #0N(+*<#;+: a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g'+;;+0+&$([V+C0(;##'-A+&#<-&(+(0A&+.+'(.+&F(,(: C

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b'(&(;+F#&+(F+($-;(*-*.-;- #;;H(*?&+..-Z$-0+#FF(+*+-??((*<%<<(($-0%*([0##*$E+(*%.$(<#V$-*.+*<+*'-$-.i'(0(.%&#&+ (; <+0A- '( A-<&+NN++..+&+ #$$-0A#?*#<- '# %* -AA-&<%*-.(.<+0# '( $#&<+ A&+A#?#<+ $E+ #F&+NN+V (* I%+.<- $#.-V ;# A&-A&(+<J '(?+*+&#&+ $#..# A+& (; $-0%*+ 0# '( +..+&+ #*$E+ D#$(;0+*<+ $-0A&+.- + #$$+<<#<- '#?;( %<+*<(: G# O@GV (*-;<&+V A%b +..+&+ %<(;(,,#<- $-0+.<&%0+*<- '( $-*<&-;;- '+;;H+F#.(-*+ D(.$#;+V A#&<($-;#&0+*<+ '(DD%.# A&-A&(- *+;.+<<-&+ '+; <&#.A-&<-0+&$(: 6; I%#&<- $#A(<-;- '(.$%<+ ( A&- + ( $-*<&- '+( $+*<&( '( $-*.-;('#0+*<- %&N#*- Z;+ A(#<<#D-&0+ ;-?(.<($E+$-0%*#;([V$E+A-..-*-&#AA&+.+*<#&+%*-.<&%0+*<-'(+DD($(+*,#A+&I%+;;+$#<+?-&(+'( -A+&#<-&($E+([A&+.+*<#*-%*N#..-D#<<-&+'($#&($-+$E+(([*-*E#**-*+$+..(<J'($-*.+?*++ &(<(&(%&?+*<(:a-<<-i%+.<-a&-d(;-v(;0-'+;;-#a+&<-v'($%(+.+0a(a-.(<(f(.-*-l#'-f#+l#&0#v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dL(#*-'(#,(-*+#0N(+*<#;+A+& %* D%<%&-.-.<+*(N(;+ 89""j89">e $E+ $-*<(+*+ 0(.%&+ A+& ;#.-.<(<%,(-*+ '+( F+($-;( # N+*,(*# +?#.-;(-$-*0+,,(0+*-(*I%(*#*<($-0+(;0+<#*-V;H(N&('-+;H+;+<<&($-:G#4+?(-*+G-0N#&'(#V#(.+*.('+;;#A&-A&(#G48Bj899RA+&;#A&+F+*,(-*++;#&('%,(-*+'+;;++0(..(-*((*#<0-.D+&#VE##.%#F-;<#(.<(<%(<-%*@#F-;-&+?(-*#;+A+&;#0-N(;(<JV$-*(;$-0A(<-'(A&+'(.A-&&+;(*++?%('#A+&( $-0%*(V$-*;H+.A;($(<-D(*+'(&+?-;#0+*<#&+;X#$$+..-#($+*<&(%&N#*($-*F+($-;(#N#..-(0A#<<- #0N(+*<#;+V + '( &+#;(,,#&+ A&-?+<<( A(;-<# +.(.<+0( (**-F#<(F( A+& ;# &#,(-*#;(,,#,(-*+ '+;;# '(.<&(N%,(-*+'+;;+0+&$(: k*a#&#?&#d-'+;$#a:c#dd&-*<#;#i%+.<(-*+'+;;++.+*,(-*(z*-**+$+..#&(#0+*<+?&#<%(<+['#;;+ &+.<&(,(-*('+;;#O@G$-*$+..+#(<(<-;#&('(A%NN;($-.+&F(,(-:1&#I%+.<(&(+*<&#*-($-&&(+&(+.A&+..(V <(<-;#&('(#%<-&(,,#,(-*+?+*+&#;+$E+;(I%#;(D($#$-0+-A+&#<-&('+;.+&F(,(-A-.<#;+V$E+'+F-*- 8 \('%NN(#+DD($#$(#&(.A+<<-#;;H(*<+&+..+A%NN;($-_;#.$(#&+;(N+&<J'('+$('+&+#(A &('(F+($-;((*I%(*#*<($E+ (*<+*'-*-+*<&#&+*+;;#O@G.+A#?#&+;#<#&(DD#0#*<+*+*'-(;F+$$E(-0+,,-V-.-.<(<%(&;-+&(.A#&0(#&+.%;;#<#&(DD#: R

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a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

8 8: I mercati rilevanti della logistica urbana 2.1 La domanda G-.<%'(-(*$-&.-'+;;#/-00(..(-*+2%&-A+#.%;;HUrban Freight Transport Z/#0A#?*#+'+;;+ a(<+v89""[v'+d(*(.$+(0+&$#<('+;<&#.a-&<-0+&$((*#0n(<-%&n#*-.%;;#n#.+'+;;#<(a-;-?(#'+;;+ 0+&$( <&#.A-&<#<+V '+( $;(+*<( *-*$E] '+( F+<<-&( %<(;(,,#<( A+& ;# $-*.+?*#: Y+;;-.<%'(- F+*?-*- #*#;(,,#<+(*0-'-A&#?0#<($-V.+A#&#<#0+*<+A+&'-0#*'#+-DD+&<#V;+$#&#<<+&(.<($E+'(+DD($(+*,# A&-'%<<(F# '+;;+ '(F+&.+ 0-'#;(<J '( '(.<&(N%,(-*+ '+; <&#.A-&<- 0+&$( *+;;+ $(<<JV *-*$E] ;+ +.<+&*#;(<JVA-.(<(F++j-*+?#<(F+'#+..+?+*+&#<+: \#;A%*<-'(F(.<#'+;;#'-0#*'#V.('(.<(*?%-*-<(A($#0+*<+<&+?&#*'(0+&$#<(V$-&&(.A-*'+*<(#' #;<&+<<#*<-<(A-;-?(+'(%<(;(,,-'+(.+&F(,(W +.+&$(,($-00+&$(#;(&+<#(; =-4+/#Z=-<+;`4+$&+#<(-*`/#<+&(*?[ $-*.+?*++&(<(&(%&?+*<( 8:":"Esercizi commerciali retail a( <&#<<# '( %*.+<<-&+ +<+&-?+*+- A+& D-&0+ '(?+.<(-*+V 0+&$( F+*'%<+V ;-$#;(,,#,(-*+ + $#*#;( '(.<&(N%<(F(:Y+;;+#&++%&N#*++%&-A++V'-F+;#A-A-;#,(-*+_.-.<#*,(#;0+*<+.<#<($#V?;(+.+&$(,( $-00+&$(#;(.+&F-*- ( &+.('+*<(.+$-*'- ;# ;-?($# '+;;H#$I%(.<- '( A&-..(0(<JV (* %* $-*<+.<- '( *%-F#F(<#;(<J'+($+*<&(.<-&($(&(.A+<<-#;'+?&#'-'+?;(#**(lR9+lT9V'-F%<##*%-F((*.+'(#0+*<( '(.+&F(,( + %DD($( $E+ $-*<&(N%(.$-*- #;;# 0#*%<+*,(-*+ '+?;( (00-N(;( 0# $E+ &($E(+'-*- %*# $&+.$+*<+D-&*(<%&#'(N+*(: Y+?;( %;<(0( #**( (* <%<<# 2%&-A#V 0#.-A&#<<%<<- (* 6<#;(#V (; *%0+&- '+?;( +.+&$(,( '( A($$-;# '(0+*.(-*+V#?+.<(-*+A&+F#;+*<+0+*<+D#0(;(#&+V.(_D-&<+0+*<+&('-<<-#$#%.#'+;;#$-*$-&&+*,# +.+&$(<#<# '#?;( +.+&$(,( $-00+&$(#;( '( 0#??(-&( '(0+*.(-*( $E+ -A+&#*- #<<&#F+&.- $#<+*+ '( *+?-,(V<#;F-;<#?+.<(<+(*D&#*$E(.(*?:h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d%;<(0-0(?;(-eW;+.A+'(,(-*(&(.%;<#*-<#*<-A(^D&+I%+*<(I%#*<-A(^&('%$-*-VA+& &#?(-*('(.D&%<<#0+*<-#D(*(+.A-.(<(F(V(;-&-.A#,(%*<+0A-#'(N(<(#0#?#,,(*-:53-;-?*#*+; 899B (; CUg '+;;+ $-*.+?*+ +*<&- ;H#&+# O@G +&# +DD+<<%#<- # D#F-&+ '( I%+.<# 0#$&-$#<+?-&(# Z/(<ML-&<.V899C[: G+ (0A&+.+ %<(;(,,#*-.+0A&+ A(^.A+..- (; 0-'+;;- '+; Just in Time Zm6@[V N#.#<-.% $-.<( '( 0#?#,,(*- &('-<<( #; 0(*(0- # N+*+D($(- '+;;+ #<<(F(<J '( F+*'(<# + '# %*# 0#??(-&+ F#&(+<J '+;;H-DD+&<#W#'+.+0A(-*+;.+<<-&+'+;;H#NN(?;(#0+*<-V#'(DD+&+*,#'(I%#;$E+#**-D#V(0-'+;;( F+*?-*-$#0N(#<('(D&+I%+*<++(*'(A+*'+*<+0+*<+'#;;+$#'+*,+.<#?(-*#;(Z7QD-&'2$-*-0($.V 899fV89""[:Y+;;+#&++%&N#*+;H#'-,(-*+'+;m6@_#*$E+$-*.+?%+*,#'+;;H#%0+*<-'+($-.<('+;;+ #&++$-00+&$(#;(V+(0A;($#%*-.<&+<<-$--&'(*#0+*<-$-*;+#<<(F(<J'(<&#.A-&<-+'(.<&(N%,(-*+ '+;;+0+&$(V$E+*-*'+NN-*-0#(0#*$#&+*+?;(.A#,(+.A-.(<(F(:G#.%##'-,(-*+(0A;($#I%(*'(%* #%0+*<- '+;;# '(A+*'+*,# '+;;H+.+&$+*<+ Z$E+ *-* E# A(^.<-$P[ '#;.-??+<<- $E+ ;- &(D-&*(.$+ '( 0+&$+W.+*,#$-*.+?*++DD($(+*<((;N%.(*+..*-*D%*,(-*#: U

9 D&+I%+*<( '( A($$-;+ '(0+*.(-*(V +DD+<<%#<+ '#.-??+<<( <+&,( $E+ (* A(^ $#.( -A+&#*- (* 0-'- (*+DD($(+*<+$-*N#..(D#<<-&('($#&($-Z/#0A#?*#+'+;;+a(<+V89""[:GH(*+DD($(+*,#n$E+(0A;($# %*#A+&'(<#'(N+*+..+&+.-$(#;+A+&$E]*+($+*<&(%&N#*(?(&#*-0-;<(0+,,($-*$#&($E(&('-<<($-* $-*.+?%+*<+ (*<#.#0+*<- '+; <&#DD($- + #%0+*<- '+;;H(*I%(*#0+*<- n _ #*$-&# A(^ +;+F#<#.+ ;# '(.<&(N%,(-*+'+;;+0+&$(_.F-;<#'#?;(+.+&$(,($-00+&$(#;('(&+<<#0+*<+(*$-*<-A&-A&(-: 8:":8HoReCa /-0A-.<-.(#'#$#<+*+-&?#*(,,#<+ZK$\-*#;'.V?&#*'(?&%AA(#;N+&?E(+&(V+$$:[$E+'#+.+&$(,('( 0(*-&('(0+*.(-*(ZN#&V&(.<-&#*<(V3o3VA($$-;(E-<+;V'(.$-<+$E+[V(;.+<<-&+=-4+/#&#AA&+.+*<# %*#$-0A-*+*<+.(?*(D($#<(F#'+;;+$-*.+?*+0+&$(V.A+$(+*+;;+?&#*'($(<<J<%&(.<($E+:53-;-?*#(; "Ug'+;;+$-*.+?*++&#&(F-;<-#I%+.<-.+<<-&+:\#*(+;(.V4-<#&(.+K#&$%$$(Z89"9[.<(0#*-$E+ *+;;+ $(<<J (<#;(#*+ #' #;<# #<<&#<<(F(<J <%&(.<($#V ;H=-4+/# #&&(F( # &#AA&+.+*<#&+ #*$E+ (; >9g '+; <-<#;+'+;;+$-*.+?*+#;;H(*<+&*-'+;;+#&++#<&#DD($-&('-<<-:6;.+<<-&+=-4+/#A&+.+*<##;A&-A&(- (*<+&*- %*# '-0#*'# #..#( '(F+&.(D($#<# Z( A&-'-<<( #;(0+*<#&( D&+.$E( &($E(+'-*- %*# $#<+*# '(.<&(N%<(F#'(F+&.#'#I%+;;#'+(*-*D&+.$E([V$E+<+*'+&J#$-*.-;('#&.((*D%<%&-.+$-*'-<&+*' '(DD+&+*,(#<( (* &+;#,(-*+ #;;-.F(;%AA- '+; 0+&$#<- + #;;+ +.(?+*,+ ;-?(.<($E+ Z$-*<- <+&,(.A+$(#;(,,#<(Vm6@[: 8:":>Consegne e ritiri urgenti 6; 0+&$#<- '+;;+ $-*.+?*+ + &(<(&( %&?+*<( _ (* <%<<- (; 0-*'-V $-0A&+.# ;H6<#;(#V (* #$$+*<%#<# $&+.$(<#V +' _.+&F(<- '#;;+ (0A&+.+ '( $-&&(+&+ +.A&+..-: h%+.<- 0+&$#<-V '#; A%*<- '( F(.<# '+;;# '-0#*'#V_'(.<(*<-*+('%+.+?0+*<('-$%0+*<(+A#$$E(:6*6<#;(#(A&(0($-.<(<%(.$-*-$(&$#(;8Cg '+;D#<<%&#<-<-<#;+'+?;(-A+&#<-&(V(.+$-*'((;TCgZG%(..3%.(*+..a$E--;V89"9[:2*<&#0N(I%+.<(.+?0+*<('(0+&$#<-.-*-#$$-0%*#<('#;;#$#&#<<+&(.<($#D-*'#0+*<#;+'+;;H%&?+*,#V+$-.<(<%(.$-*- (;.+?0+*<- #;<- '+; A(^?+*+&#;+ 0+&$#<- '+; <&#.A-&<- 0+&$( + -??+<<( D&# ;-&- A&+.+*<#*-#;$%*+'(DD+&+*,+'#;A%*<-'(F(.<#'+;;#'-0#*'#: 6'-$%0+*<(%&?+*<($-.<(<%(.$-*-;#A#&<+#;<#VA+&A&+,,-VI%#;(<J+A&+.<#,(-*(V'+;0+&$#<-A-.<#;+: h%#*'-%*$;(+*<+z.<%'(a&-d+..(-*#;(v(0a&+.+v#&<(?(#*(vn#*$e+va&(f#<([e#*+$+..(<j'(%&?+*,#+ $+&<+,,#*+(<+0A('($-*.+?*#'(%*'-$%0+*<-(0A-&<#*<+V.(&(F-;?+#;$-&&(+&++.A&+..-V$E+-DD&+ #*$E+ (;.+&F(,(- '( &(<(&-V +' _ '(.A-.<- # A#?#&+ A&+,,( '+$(.#0+*<+ A(^ +;+F#<( '( I%+;;- <&#'(,(-*#;+A-.<#;+:/(bF#;+(*A#&<($-;#&+A+&(;.+&F(,(-(*<+&*#,(-*#;++.A&+..-$E+V#'(DD+&+*,# '(I%+;;-A-.<#;+-&'(*#&(-.F-;<-'#-A+&#<-&('(F+&.((*+*<&#<#+(*%.$(<#'#%*A#+.+V_?+.<(<-(* 0-'-(*<+?&#<-'#%*-A+&#<-&+%*($-;%*?-;H(*<+&#$#<+*#: \(F+&.-_(;$#.-'+(A#$$E(V#*$EH+..-.+?0+*<-#;<-'+;A(^?+*+&#;+0+&$#<-'+;;#'(.<&(N%,(-*+ '+;;+0+&$(V$E+A&+.+*<#A+&bV#'(DD+&+*,#'(I%+;;-'+('-$%0+*<(V%*#0#??(-&+$-*<(?%(<J$-*(; A&-A&(- 0+&$#<- '( &(D+&(0+*<-V (* I%#*<- (; '(DD+&+*,(#;+ '( A&+,,- _ A(^ $-*<+*%<- + &(D;+<<+ %*($#0+*<+(.+&F(,(#$$+..-&(VD&#$%(.-A&#<<%<<-$-*.+?*+$+&<+time definitev$e+($-&&(+&(-dd&-*- $-0+ F#;-&+ #??(%*<-: /(b F#;+.(# A+& (.+&F(,( +.A&+..( &(F-;<( #; N%.(*+.. Z(; "9g '+;;+ LK6 (<#;(#*+;(%<(;(,,#[V.(#(*0-'-$&+.$+*<+A+&I%+;;(&+<#(;?+*+&#<('#;;H+`$-00+&$+Z(*6<#;(#(;8Tg '+;;+ $-*.+?*+ _ +DD+<<%#<- '# $-&&(+&( +.A&+..(V 7QD-&' 2$-*-0($.V 89""[ $E+V +.+*<#*'- (; $-*.%0#<-&+$E++DD+<<%#;H#$I%(.<-'#;&+$#&.(#;;H+.+&$(,(-$-00+&$(#;+V$-.<(<%(.$+%*D#<<-&+'( &('%,(-*+'+;<&#DD($-%&N#*-:6.+<<-&+0+&$+-;-?($($E+%<(;(,,#*-$-*.+0A&+0#??(-&+D&+I%+*,# (; $-&&(+&+ +.A&+..-.-*- I%+;;( '+;;+ 0#$$E(*+ + #<<&+,,#<%&+ + '+;;H+;+<<&-*($# '( $-*.%0- ZL/V '+$-'+&V $+;;%;#&([V +*<&#0N( '( 0-'+.<+ '(0+*.(-*( 0# #' +;+F#<- F#;-&+W (* 2%&-A#V ( $-&&(+&(?+.<(.$-*-&(.A+<<(F#0+*<+(;BBg+(;>Ug'+;;#;-&-.%AA;M$E#(*: f

10 6*2%&-A#V.+AA%&(*%*$-*<+.<-*-&0#<(F-*-*#&0-*(,,#<-V(;;+?(.;#<-&+D(*'#;G(N&-F+&'+'+;;# /-00(..(-*+k2'+;"ff"E#(*$;%.-V(*F(&<^'+;;+$#&#<<+&(.<($E+'(%&?+*,#'+;;#$-*.+?*#+'( (*F(-;#N(;(<J '+;.%- $-*<+*%<-V (.+&F(,( '( $-&&(+&+ +.A&+..- #;;H(*<+&*- '+;;# $;#..+ '+(.+&F(,( &(.A+<<(F#0+*<+ $-* ( 8R"j"fff + CUj89"": L+&<#*<-V ( $-&&(+&( +.A&+..(.-*- '#; "fff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a-*-(*-;<&+'#F#;%<#&+;+#<<%#;( 0-'#;(<J'(A&-$+'%&#'+;&(;#.$(-'+;;H#%<-&(,,#,(-*+?+*+&#;+'#A#&<+'+;.-??+<<-$-*$+'+*<+Z(; K(*(.<+&-'+;;-aF(;%AA-2$-*-0($-[:6;<(<-;-#%<-&(,,#<(F-V(*D#<<(V#*'&+NN+.%N-&'(*#<-#'%*# F+&(D($# '+;;+ +DD+<<(F+ $#&#<<+&(.<($E+ '( $-&&(+&+ +.A&+..- '+; F+<<-&+V #; D(*+ '( +F(<#&+ $E F+*?# %<(;(,,#<- '# (0A&+.+ '(F+&.+ '# I%+;;+ '( $-*.+?*# +.A& ;-?(.<($# #;.-;-.$-A- '( +;%'+&+;+&+.<&(,(-*('+;;#O@G: 2.2 L offerta \#; A%*<- '( F(.<# '+;;H-DD+&<#V ( 0+&$#<(.( '(.<(*?%-*- A+& (; A&-$+..- A&-'%<<(F- #'-<<#<-V @&#.A-&<-(*$-*<-<+&,(-A+&#<-&(0#&?(*#;( /-&&(+&++.A&+..- 8:8:"Trasporto in conto (*$%(;H+.+&$+*<+A&+D+&(.$+.F-;?+&+(*A&-A&(-;+#<<(F(<J'(<&#.A-&<-+'(.<&(N%,(-*+V0#*-*<(+*+ $-*<-*]'+;;H+DD($(+*,#A&-'%<<(F#Z*-*A-<+*'-$-*.-;('#&+.A+'(,(-*('(F+&.+-A+&#$-*%*N#..- D#<<-&+[V *] '+; A&-A&(- +;+F#<- $-.<-`-AA-&<%*(<J ZA-<&+NN+ %<(;(,,#&+ (* 0-'- A(^ +DD($(+*<+ (; A&-A&(-<+0A-[V*]<#*<-0+*-'+?;(+DD+<<(+.<+&*(*+?#<(F(#''-..#<(#;;#$-;;+<<(F(<J(*<+&0(*('( (<#;(#*+#&&(F#.A+..-#;R9gV+'_A#&<($-;#&0+*<+(*+DD($(+*<+:k*#'+;;+&#?(-*('+;;H(*+DD($(+*,#.-*- ;+ $-*.+?*+ D%-&( N-;;#V.F-;<+ '#;;+ A%&<&-AA- *%0+&-.+ (0A&+.+ $E+ -A+&#*- (* *+&-: 5 3-;-?*#(;*%0+&-#..-;%<-'+(F+($-;('+?;(-A+&#<-&((*$-*<-A&-A&(-$E++*<&#*+;;H#&+##<&#DD($- ;(0(<#<-_.(0(;+#I%+;;-'+?;(-A+&#<-&((*$-*<-<+&,(V0#&(.A+<<-#I%+.<(%;<(0(V+DD+<<%#$(&$#;# 0+<J'+;;+$-*.+?*+VA#&(#;>Tg'+;<-<#;+$-*.+?*#<-+*<&-;H#&+#O@GZ/(<ML-&<.V899C[:54-0# (;RRg'+(<&#.A-&<(+*<&-;#O@G#FF(+*+(*$-*<-A&-A&(-V$-*A(^'(8R99A &('(A+&0+..-: k*h#;<&# &#?(-*+ '+;;H(*+DD($(+*,# _ $E+ (; <&#.A-&<- (* $-*<- A&-A&(- +DD+<<%#.-;-.(*?-;( F(#??( '(&+<<( -&(?(*+`'+.<(*#,(-*+.+*,# A#&<($-;#&( F(*$-;( <+0A-&#;(V +' _ '%*I%+.-;- 0#&?(*#;0+*<+ <-$$#<- '#;;+ A-;(<($E+ '( &+.<&(,(-*+ '+( $+*<&( %&N#*(: Y+.+?%+ $E+ <#;+ 0-'#;(<J '(.<&(N%<(F# $-.<(<%(.$+(;0+&$#<-A-<+*,(#;+'(&(D+&(0+*<-('+#;+A+&;+A(#<<#D-&0+;-?(.<($E+$-0%*#;(Z)#?E(V 899f[: 8:8:8Trasporto in conto terzi degli operatori di logistica G+(0A&+.+'(;-?(.<($#F+&++A&-A&(+.+&F-*-;H#*+;;-'+;;H%;<(0-0(?;(-WA&+;+F#*-;+0+&$(*+( 0#?#,,(*('(.;-$#<(D%-&('#($+*<&(%&N#*(V$-*.-;('#*-;+.A+'(,(-*('(A(^$;(+*<(+;+$-*.+?*#*- "9

11 #?;(+.+&$(,($-00+&$(#;(:h%+.<+(0A&+.+-A+&#*-(*N#.+#;;#$#A#$(<J'(&(+0A(0+*<-'+(0+,,(V $E+A#&<-*-.-;-I%#*'-&#??(%*?-*-%*$#&($-+;+F#<-:2HI%(*'('#$-*.('+&#&+(&&(;+F#*<+(;D#<<- $E++..(-A+&(*--0+*-(*+.$;%.(F#A+&(;-&-$;(+*<(W.+$H_%*H+.$;%.(F#V_.-;-A+&$E](;$;(+*<+E# *+$+..(<J '( $-*.+?*#&+ %* +;+F#<- F-;%0+ '( 0+&$(V <#;+ '# $-*.+*<(&+ #;;H(0A&+.# ;-?(.<($# '( '+'($#&F(0+,,(+A+&.-*#;+.A+$(#;(,,#<-0#*<+*+*'--<<(0(,,#<-(;D#<<-&+'($#&($-'+(F+($-;(:5 3-;-?*#+DD+<<%#*-$(&$#(;B9g'+;;+$-*.+?*+Z(;'#<-(*$;%'+#*$E+($-&&(+&(+.A&+..([: 8:8:>Trasporto in conto terzi degli operatori non strutturati a%;0+&$#<-'+;$-*<-<+&,(-a+&#*-#*$e+(0a&+.+.$#&.#0+*<+.<&%<<%&#<+v'(<(a-d#0(;(#&+v$e+ ;#F-&#*-(*.%N#AA#;<-#A&+,,(&('-<<(A+&?;(+.+&$(,($-00+&$(#;(V'($%(+DD+<<%#*-;+$-*.+?*+#; <&#.A-&<- (* A&-A&(-V *-* +DD+<<%#*- #;$%*# D-&0# '( $-*.-;('#0+*<-V + -A+&#*- I%(*'( $-* N#..( D#<<-&( '( $#&($-V.A+$(+ A+& (; F(#??(- '( &(<-&*- (* $%( (; 0+,,- _.+0A&+ F%-<-: 5 3-;-?*# &#AA&+.+*<#*-(;"Cg'+;;+$-*.+?*+:k*#'+;;+$#&#<<+&(.<($E+$E+'(.<(*?%+?;(-A+&#<-&((*$-*<- <+&,( 0#&?(*#;( '# I%+;;( '( ;-?(.<($# F+&# + A&-A&(# _ ;H(*'($#,(-*+ '+;;# N-;;# '( #$$-0A#?*-W 0+*<&+I%+;;#'+;<(A-dD&#*$-'+.<(*-e(*'($#$E(#&#0+*<+(;'+.<(*#<#&(-+'%*I%+A&+.%AA-*+%*# $#<+*#(*<+?&#<#'(;-?(.<($#(*<+&#0+*<+(*&+?-;#$-*;#*-&0#<(F#D(.$#;+F(?+*<+V(*I%+;;#dD&#*$- D#NN&($#e > &($#'-*-.A+..- ;+ -A+&#,(-*( (* +F#.(-*+ '+;;+ (0A-.<+ A+&$E] ;H%;<(0- #*+;;- '+;;# $#<+*#;-?(.<($#*-*_&(;+F#<-V$ &F#<-*+;'-$%0+*<-'+;?&%AA-'(;#F-&-/-*.%;<#A+& ;H#%<-<&#.A-&<-`5Y/6Z89""[: 8:8:BIl corriere espresso 6; 0-'+;;- A&-'%<<(F- '+( $-&&(+&( +.A&+..( _ N#.#<-.%;;H-<<(0(,,#,(-*+ '+;.+&F(,(-V -<<+*%<- '#; $-*.-;('#0+*<-'+;;+$-*.+?*++'+(&(<(&(#<<&#F+&.-%*H+;+F#<#.<#*'#&'(,,#,(-*+'+(A&-$+..(:6; F#;-&+#??(%*<-D-&*(<-'#($-&&(+&(+.A&+..(_(*D#<<(;#$#A#$(<J'(?#&#*<(&+$+&<+,,##..-;%<#*+( <+0A('($-*.+?*#(*'(F('%#;0+*<+$-*$-&'#<(?&#,(+#;tracking & tracingv<+$*-;-?(#$e+&(;+f#(* <+0A-&+#;+'-F+%*$+&<--??+<<-.(<&-F#;%*?-;#$#<+*#+$E+$-*.+*<+;#0(.%&#,(-*+'+(<+0A( '( <&#<<#0+*<- '+;;+.A+'(,(-*( #; D(*+ '+;;# ;-&- -<<(0(,,#,(-*+ + %*# A(^ A&+$(.# (*D-&0#<(F# #; $;(+*<+: h%#*<- #;.+?0+*<- '+( A#$$E( %&?+*<(V I%+.<- &#AA&+.+*<# ;# A-&,(-*+ # F#;-&+ #??(%*<- '+; A(^?+*+&#;+0+&$#<-'+;<&#.A-&<-+$-*.+?*#0+&$(:@%<<#F(#V$-0+#$$+**#<-.-A&#V<#;+0+&$#<-.( '(DD+&+*,(# -??( '#; <&#.A-&<- 0+&$( <&#'(,(-*#;+ Z$E(#0#<- #*$E+ d$-;;+<<#0+e[.-a&#<<%<<- A+& ;H-DD+&<#'(.+&F(,(-A,(-*#;(&($-*-.$(%<('#;$;(+*<+(*%*A&+,,-'(A-$-A(^#;<-'(I%+;;-A&#<($#<- *+;0+&$#<-'+;;#;-?(.<($#<&#'(,(-*#;+: 1(*-#A-$E(#**(D#V('%+.+?0+*<('+;0+&$#<-0+&$(Z<&#.A-&<-<&#'(,(-*#;++$-*.+?*#A#$$E( %&?+*<([+&#*-N+*'(.<(*<(A+&$#&#<<+&(.<($E++A&+,,(V0+*<&+-??(.(.-*-0-;<-#FF($(*#<(D&#;-&-: G#&#?(-*+_$E+;#<+$*-;-?(#A&-'%<<(F#'(N#.+V;#.<&%<<%&#'+($-.<(+(A&+,,('+?;((*A%<Z0+,,(V $#&N%&#*<+V$-.<-'+;;#F-&-V#%<(.<(V+$$:[.-*-'+;<%<<-.(0(;(V$-.i$-0+;#*+$+..(<J'(-DD&(&+%*.+&F(,(-$-+&+*<+$-*;++.(?+*,+'(m6@'+;;+(0A&+.+: G#'(DD+&+*,#D&#('%+0+&$#<(F+&<+.%<&+$#&#<<+&(.<($E+'(<(A-A&-'%<<(F-W "[ 6 ;(F+;;( '( +DD($(+*,# -A+&#<(F#: L+& +..+&+ $-0A+<(<(F( n A%& <&#<<#*'-.( '( %* 0+&$#<- -;(?-A-;(.<($-V;#$-*$-&&+*,#D&#-A+&#<-&(_0-;<-(*<+*.#`($-&&(+&(&(+.$-*-#'-<<+*+&+F#*<#??( '($-.<-'+&(F#*<('#;;H-<<(0(,,#,(-*+(*<+0A-I%#.(&+#;+'+(A+&$-&.('+(;-&-0+,,(V0#*<+*+*'-.+0A&+#;<-(;D#<<-&+'($#&($-D&#$-*.+?*++&(<(&(:6?(&(+DD+<<%#<(I%-<('(#*#0+*<+.-*-I%(*'(.+0A&+ '(F+&.(V + ;H+$$+;;+*,# A&-'%<<(F# F(+*+ &#??(%*<# 0(*(0(,,#*'- (; *%0+&- '+( F+($-;( > G#/-*.%;<#'+;;#;-?(.<($#E#&(;+F#<-$E+;#$;#%.-;#dD&#*$-D#NN&($#e*+;;+<&#*.#,(-*+(*<+&*#,(-*#;('#**+??(#( <&#.A-&<#<-&((<#;(#*(VA+&$E](;$-0A&#<-&+.(#DD('##<&#.A-&<#<-&('+;A&-A&(-L#+.+: ""

12 $(&$-;#*<(.-<<- (; F(*$-;- '+;;+ A&+.<#,(-*( '( <+0A+.<(F(<J + $+&<+,,# &($E(+.<+ '#( $;(+*<(: S;( -A+&#<-&('(;-?(.<($#<&#'(,(-*#;+VA%&A(^+DD($(+*<('(I%+;;((*$-*<-A&-A&(-V&(+.$-*-(*F+$+#' -<<(0(,,#&+ ( $#&($E( (* 0(.%&# A(^ ;(0(<#<#V A+&$E] *-* $-*.-;('#*-.+ *-* (* F(# +$$+,(-*#;+ $-*.+?*++&(<(&(: 8[G#?#&#*,(##..-;%<#.%;;H(*<+?&(<J'+(N+*(<&#.A-&<#<(:L+&($-&&(+&(+.A&+..-_%*&+I%(.(<-$E+ (0A;($#(;&(.A+<<-'(.A+$(D($E+A&-$+'%&+#?#&#*,(#'+;$;(+*<+V-FF(-*+;$#.-'('-$%0+*<(V0#.A+..-n.(A+*.(#'+.+0A(-#;;#D-&*(<%&#'+(<($P+<&+.<#%&#*<V'+(0+'($(*#;(-'($-;;+,(-*('($#A( D(&0#<(-'(0+&$('(A#&<($-;#&+F#;-&+n$&%$(#;+#*$E+A+&(A#$$E(:6;&(.A+<<-'+;;H(*<+?&(<J(0A;($# (;$-*<&-;;-.<&+<<-+$-.<#*<+'+(A&-$+..(V$E+(0A-*+%*#;-&-?+.<(-*+%*(<#&(#V*-*'+;+?#N(;+# <+&,(.+*-*$-*<&#<<%#;0+*<+;+?#<(#;&(.A+<<-#..-;%<-'(%*#A;%&#;(<J'(.<#*'#&'A&-'%<<(F(:Y+;;# ;-?(.<($# <&#'(,(-*#;+V (*F+$+V D#<<#.#;F# ;# *+$+..(<J '( -A+&#&+ # $-.<( $-*<+*%<(V _ A-..(N(;+ '+;+?#&+#<+&,(;+$-*.+?*+'(%;<(0-0(?;(-&(F-;<+#($+*<&(.<-&($(#<&#DD($-&(.<&+<<-: >[4#A('(<J+$+&<+,,#'(.F-;?(0+*<-'+;.+&F(,(-:2HD-&.+;#$#&#<<+&(.<($##F#;-&+#??(%*<-A(^ &(;+F#*<+ '+; $-&&(+&+ +.A&+..-V -<<+*%<# #<<&#F+&.- %* %.- +.<+*.(F- '+;;+ <+$*-;-?(+ '(?(<#;(.#<+;;(<#&(V$E+A+&0+<<-*-(;&(.A+<<-'+(<+0A('($-*.+?*#+&(<(&-+'#??(%.<#0+*<($-&&+<<(F((* $#.- '( (0A&+F(.<( - '( &($E(+.<+ '( &#$$-;<# '# %* 0+,,-?(J (* $(&$-;#,(-*+: S;( -A+&#<-&( '( ;-?(.<($#<&#'(,(-*#;+.+&F-*-(*F+$+$;(+*<($E+A&+.+*<#*-I%#.(.+0A&+;+0+'+.(0+*+$+..(<J'( $-*.+?*#*+;;H#&$-'+;;#?(-&*#<#: 6* 2%&-A#V.+$-*'- ;H(*'#?(*+ YKa Z$(<#<# *+;;-.<%'(- '( 7QD-&' 2$-*-0($. 89""[V ;+ (0A&+.+ $;(+*<( '+( $-&&(+&( +.A&+..( $-*.('+&#*- $#&#<<+&(.<($E+ +..+*,(#;( (; *+Q<`'#M '+;(F+&M ZTUg[V ;#?#&#*,(# + $+&<+,,# '+;;+ $-*.+?*+ ZU9g[ + ;# <&#$$(#<%&# '+( A&-$+..( ZRBg[: h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m6@: 8:8:CConfronto delle caratteristiche tecniche dei vettori k*i%#'&-.(*<+<($-+i%#;(<#<(f-'+;;+$#&#<<+&(.<($e+'+;;h-dd+&<#'+('(f+&.(f+<<-&(_&(a-&<#<-*+;;# tecniche degli operatori del trasporto merci in ambito urbano Trasporto in conto proprio Trasporto in conto terzi (logistica) Trasporto in conto terzi (imprese marginali) Corrieri espressi ottimizzazione dei percorsi 9 pp 9 ppp fattore di carico p pp p pp consegna e ritiro in ore predefinite 9 p p ppp tecnologie di monitoraggio processi 9 pp 9 ppp consolidamento spedizioni 9 pp p ppp ;+?+*'#WA&+.+*,#+(*<+*.(<J'+;;#$#&#<<+&(.<($#W 9 q#..+*,# p q.$#&.#(*<+*.(<j pp q0+'(#(*<+*.(<j pppq0#..(0#(*<+*.(<j "8

13 6; <&#.A-&<- (* $-*<- A&-A&(- _ ;# 0-'#;(<J.-$(#;0+*<+ 0+*-+DD($(+*<+W *-* -<<(0(,,# ( A+&$-&.(V A&+.+*<# D#<<-&( '( $#&($- 0+'(#0+*<+ N#..(V *-* E# +.(?+*,+.A+$(D($E+ $-*<&#<<%#;(,,#<+ '( $-*.+?*# (* D(*+.<&+ <+0A-&#;( '+D(*(<+ + *-* %<(;(,,# I%#.( 0#( <+$*-;-?(+ '( 0-*(<-&#??(- '+( A&-$+..(: 6;<&#.A-&<-(*$-*<-<+&,(A&+.+*<#'%+0-'#;(<J<+$*($-`A&-'%<<(F+'(F+&.+Z/(<ML-&<.V899C[:Y+; $#.- '+;;+ (0A&+.+ *-*.<&%<<%&#<+V (* A&+F#;+*,# D#0(;(#&( + -A+&#*<( (*.%N#AA#;<-V ;+ <+$*($E+ A&-'%<<(F+.-*-'+;<%<<-.(0(;(#I%+;;+'+;<&#.A-&<-(*$-*<-A&-A&(-V$-*;H+$$+,(-*+D-&.+'+;;# $-*.+?*#V$E+A%b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

14 3. Le zone a traffico limitato in Europa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a6a`Lc/V89"9[V (*$%(.-*-.<#<+$+*.(<+B"T$(<<J+%&-A++$E+E#**-#'-<<#<-A-;(<($E+'(&+.<&(,(-*+#;;H+*<&#<#*+; A&-A&(-$+*<&-%&N#*-:GH(*'#?(*+E#&(;+F#<-%*#D-&<++<+&-?+*+(<J.(#*+?;(-N(+<<(F(?+*+&#;(+j-.A+$(D($( '($E(#&#<( '#;;H+*<+ ;-$#;+V.(# *+?;(.<&%0+*<( '+;;+.-;%,(-*( <+$*($E+ #'-<<#<+: 5AA#&+ I%(*'(%<(;++DD+<<%#&+%*H#*#;(.(.A+$(D($#A+&$(#.$%*-'(<#;(-N(+<<(F(V+F('+*,(#*'-*+A-<+*,(#;(<J +A%*<($&(<($(: >:"Gli obiettivi delle ZTL S;(-N(+<<(F(+.A;($(<('+;;H(.<(<%,(-*+'+;;+O@G.-*-;#&('%,(-*+'+;<&#DD($-+'+;;H(*I%(*#0+*<- #<0-.D+&($-+#0N(+*<#;+:Y+?;(%;<(0(#**((*2%&-A##'+..(.(_#??(%*<-#*$E+I%+;;-'($&+#&+ %*#*%-F#D-*<+'(+*<&#<#A+&?;(+*<(;-$#;($-*.('+&#<+;+$&+.$+*<(+.(?+*,+'($-*<+*(0+*<-'+;;#.A+.# A%NN;($#: 6* 6<#;(#V -;<&+ # <#;( -N(+<<(F(V A%b +..+&+ 0+*,(-*#<- #*$E+ I%+;;- '+;;# ;-<<# #;;H+F#.(-*+D(.$#;+V*+;*-.<&-A#+.+A#&<($-;#&0+*<++.<+.#A&-A&(-*+;.+<<-&+'+;<&#.A-&<-%&N#*- '+;;+0+&$(: L%&+..+*'-D&#;-&-$-0A;+0+*<#&(*+;0+'(-`;%*?-A+&(-'-VI%+.<(-N(+<<(F(&($E(+'-*-A-;(<($E+ #<<%#<(F+.A+$(D($E+V $E+ A&-'%$-*- +DD+<<( '(F+&.(.%(.-??+<<( '( $%(.( (*<+*'+ 0-'(D($#&+ ( $-0A-&<#0+*<(:Y-*.+0A&+I%(*'(;#;-&-#&0-*(,,#,(-*++DD+<<(F##AA#&+.$-*<#<#:5'+.+0A(- G-*'&#V$E+A%&+E#(.<(<%(<-*+;899>$-*;#G-*'-*/-*?+.<(-*/E#&?+;#A(^+.<+.#O@G+%&-A+# ZB8r0I[V$-.<&%(<#.%;A&(*$(A(-'+;;H%.-'+;N+*+.$#&.-'#A#&<+'($E(_'(.A-.<-#A#?#&+V.-;- #;;# D(*+ '+; '+$+**(- E# #??(%*<- D&#?;( -N(+<<(F( ;# <%<+;# #0N(+*<#;+: k* #;<&- +.+0A(- '( *-* +.A;($(<# +' (00+'(#<# #&0-*(,,#,(-*+ _ I%+;;- '+;;#.$+;<# D&# <%<+;# #0N(+*<#;+ '( A&-..(0(<J ZI%#;(<J'+;;H#&(#'+;;+#&++.-<<-A-.<+#&+.<&(,(-*([+?+*+&#;+ZI%#;(<J'+;;H#&(#'+;;H(*<+&#&+?(-*+[V #DD&-*<#<#*+;$#A:R: >:":"La riduzione del traffico automobilistico 6* 2%&-A#V (; >Rg '+;;+ O@G (.<(<%(<+ *+;;+ $(<<J &(;+F#<+ '# 6a6a`Lc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k*- '+( <(A($( A&-N;+0( '+; <&#DD($-'+&(F#*<('#;;H(*<&-'%,(-*+'(O@G_$E++..#V.+*-*.A(*?+ ;H(*<+&#A-A-;#,(-*+'+;;#$(<<J#'%<(;(,,#&+0+*-(;0+,,-A&(F#<-V<+*'+#?+*+&#&+%*#$&+.$(<#'+; <&#DD($- *+;;+,-*+ ;(0(<&-D+ +.<+&*+ #;;# O@G Z6a6a`Lc/V 89"9[: h%+.<# _ %*# '+;;+ &#?(-*( '+; A+&$E]<#;('(F(+<(F#**-#&0-*(,,#<($-*#;<&((*<+&F+*<($-0+I%+;;(.-A&#0+*,(-*#<(V$-0A&+.-%* $-&&+<<-+'+DD($#$+.(.<+0#'(<#&(DD#,(-*+'+?;((*?&+..(#;;+O@GV$#A#$+'((*$('+&+.%;;#'-0#*'# '(0-N(;(<J(*0-'-'(DD+&+*,(#<-D&#;+'(F+&.+$#<+?-&(+'+(.-??+<<($E+.%N(.$-*-;#&+.<&(,(-*+: "B

15 K+'(#0+*<+ (; <&#DD($- $E+ +*<&# I%-<('(#*#0+*<+ *+;;+ _ $-0A-.<- A+& (; f9g '# F+($-;( A&(F#<(+A+&(;"9g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h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fVRg '+;;+ $(<<J +%&-A++ $+*.(<+[V A+&$E]?;( -A+&#<-&( $+&$E+&#**-$-0%*I%+.-;%,(-*(A&(F#<+V.A+..-(*+DD($(+*<(.+*-*(;;+?#;(VA+&A&-.+?%(&+;#;-&- #<<(F(<JV I%#;( ;H#??(&#0+*<- '+;;# *-&0# &+.<&(<<(F#V $E+.(?+*+&# #' +.+0A(- I%#*'- %* <&#.A-&<#<-&+D%-&(N-;;#VA+&+F(<#&+(;&(.$E(-'($-*<&-;;(V%<(;(,,#%*H#%<-F+<<%&#A&(F#<#'(?&#*'( '(0+*.(-*($E+E##F%<--A#?#<-(;A+&0+..-'(#$$+..-V$E+*-*.-<<-.<J#;;+&+.<&(,(-*((0A-.<+#( F+($-;($E+$-*.+?*#*-0+&$(: >:":8La riduzione dell inquinamento G-.<%'(-6a6a`Lc/0-.<&#$E+;H-N(+<<(F-'+;;#<%<+;##0N(+*<#;+_I%+;;-0#??(-&0+*<+.+*<(<-V Z&(?%#&'#(;RBg'+($#.([*+;;+$(<<J+%&-A++:6*?+*+&+F+*?-*-(.<(<%(<+,-*+#N#..#+0(..(-*+ Zlow emission zonesv'h-&#(*a-(g2o[v(0a;+0+*<#<+.-a&#<<%<<-(*s+&0#*(#+*+;4+?*-k*(<-v $E+$-;A(.$-*-(*A&+F#;+*,#(F+($-;($E+<&#.A-&<#*-0+&$(V$%(.(D#'(F(+<-'((*?&+..-*+;;+O@G.+*-*&(.A+<<#*-'+<+&0(*#<(&+I%(.(<(+.<#*'#&'#0N(+*<#;(0(*(0(:h%+.<#0(.%&#V$-0+0-.<&#<- *+;.%$$+..(F- $#A:>:>:8V.A+$(+.+ $-*(%?#<# $-*?;( (*$+*<(F( #; &(**-F- '+; A#&$- F+($-;#&+V _ I%+;;# $E+ -<<(+*+ ( 0(?;(-&( &(.%;<#<( (* <+&0(*( '( &('%,(-*+ '+;;H(*I%(*#0+*<- #<0-.D+&($- '+;;+ #&++%&N#*+V-FF(#0+*<+A(^+;+F#<(#;;H(*<+&*-'+;;H#&+#O@GV0#$-0%*I%+#FF+&<(N(;(.%;;H(*<+&- <+&&(<-&(- %&N#*-: G-.<%'(- 0-.<&# #<<&#F+&.- ;H#*#;(.( ac7@ $E+ ;H+DD($#$(# '+;;+ 0(.%&+ _ 0#..(0(,,#<#I%#*'-I%+.<+.-*-N#.#<+.%;;#'(.<(*,(-*('+(F+($-;(A+&;#$;#..+2k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onte di entrata per l ente locale G+O@GA-..-*-$-.<(<%(&+%*#D-*<+$-*.(.<+*<+'(&($#F-A+&;H+*<+;-$#;+V$-0+'(0-.<&#(;$#.-'( G-*'&#V '-F+ ;# /-*?+.<(-* /E#&?+?+*+&# &($#F( #**%( A+& $(&$# 8"C 0(;(-*( '( s: 6* 6<#;(# <#;+ -N(+<<(F-_'(F+*%<-A&-?&+..(F#0+*<+.+0A&+A(^(0A-&<#*<+#$#%.#'+(A&-?&+..(F(+$-*.(.<+*<( <#?;(#(<&#.D+&(0+*<(.<#<#;(.%Ni<('#?;(+*<(;-$#;(*+?;(#**(A(^&+$+*<(:GH-N(+<<(F-'(?+*+&#,(-*+ '($#..#VA+&*-*+*<&#&+(*$-*D;(<<-$-*('%+A&(*$(A#;(V&($E(+'+0-'#;(<J#AA;($#<(F+.+;+<<(F++ <+$*($#0+*<+ $-&&+<<+: 6*D#<<( %* +*<+ ;-$#;+ $E+ #F+..+.+&(+ +.(?+*,+ '( $#..#V A-<&+NN+ 0#..(0(,,#&+(A&-A&(&($#F($-*$+'+*'-$-*?&#*'+D#$(;(<J(A+&0+..('(+*<&#<##A#?#0+*<-#;;# O@GVA&+.$(*'+*'-de facto'#;;h+dd+<<-$e+i%+.<-$-0a-&<#.%;<&#dd($-+;h(*i%(*#0+*<-: "C

16 L&-A&(-(*N#.+#;;+$-*.('+&#,(-*(.F-;<+*+;A&+$+'+*<+$#A(<-;-V(;$&(<+&(-'+;A&+,,-%*($-V(*$%( ;H#%<-0-N(;(.<# A&(F#<- + ;H-A+&#<-&+ $-00+&$(#;+ '+$('-*-.%;;# N#.+ '+;;# ;-&- '(.A-*(N(;(<J # A#?#&+Z-FF+&-$-*F+*(+*,#A&(F#<#[V*-*A%b+..+&+#AA;($#<-tout court#;;#d#<<(.a+$(+'+;;+o@gv 0#&($E(+'+%*#??(%.<#0+*<-A+&<+*+&+$-*<-'+;;#A&+.+*,#'(&(;+F#*<(+.<+&*#;(<J*+?#<(F+:G# <#&(DD#A+&;#O@G'-F&+NN++..+&+I%(*'($-.<&%(<#$-*(;'%A;($+-N(+<<(F-'(D#&$-*.+?%(&+#;;H+*<+ ;-$#;+ %*# D-*<+ '( +*<&#<#V 0# #*$E+ '( (*$('+&+ (* 0-'-.+;+<<(F-.%( $-0A-&<#0+*<( '+?;( #%<-F+($-;( $E+ <&#*.(<#*- #;.%- (*<+&*-: k*.(.<+0# '( <#&(DD# A%NN;($# _ (*D#<<( <#*<- A(^.-$(#;0+*<+ +DD($(+*<+ I%#*<- A(^.+?%+ (; A&(*$(A(- +$-*-0($- '+; N+*+D($(-V.+$-*'- $%(V.+ _ <+$*($#0+*<+ A-..(N(;+.+A#&#&+ (; $-*.%0- '( %* $+&<- N+*+ -.+&F(,(-.$#&.- Z(* I%+.<- $#.- ;H#$$+..-0-<-&(,,#<-#'%*H#&+#$+*<&#;+'(A&+?(-[(*D%*,(-*+'+;.%-%.-V_+DD($(+*<+$E+A#?E( *-*;#$-;;+<<(F(<J-;#D(.$#;(<J?+*+&#;+V0#$E(A(^;-$-*.%0#: >:":BLa lotta all evasione fiscale G+O@G.(A&+.<#*-#'+..+&+%<(;(,,#<+I%#;++DD($#$+.<&%0+*<-'(;-<<##;;H+F#.(-*+D(.$#;+V(*6<#;(# A#&<($-;#&0+*<+'(DD%.#*+;.+<<-&+'+;<&#.A-&<-0+&$('((0A&+.+*-*.<&%<<%&#<+'($%(<#;F-;<#.( #FF#;?-*- D-&*(<-&( $E+ (*<+&&-0A-*- ;# $#<+*# ;-?(.<($# %DD($(#;+: L+& I%#*<- $-*$+&*+ ;# 0+&$+ <&#.A-&<#<#V'(F+&.+(*'#?(*(('+*<(D($#*-(*%*#A+&$+*<%#;+A&-..(0##;>9g;#I%#*<(<J'(0+&$+ <&#.A-&<#<#d(**+&-e-dD%-&(N-;;#eV$-*+F('+*<++;%.(-*++'+F#.(-*+'+;;H(0A-.<#'-F%<#:6'#<( +0+&.('#%*H-A+&#,(-*+.%.$#;#*#,(-*#;+'+;;#S%#&'(#'(1(*#*,#V'+*-0(*#<#@&%$PV(*'($#*- $E+.% 8>f (0A&+.+ '( #%<-<&#.A-&<- $-*<&-;;#<+V U9 Z-FF+&- (; >>g[.-*- &(.%;<#<+ <-<#;0+*<+.$-*-.$(%<+#;D(.$-:L+&C9'(I%+.<+_.$#<<#<##*$E+;#'+*%*$(##;;H#%<-&(<J?(%'(,(#&(#A+&&+#<( A+*#;(<&(N%<#&(:6*<+&0(*(+$-*-0($(;H#<<(F(<J'($-*<&-;;-E#$-*.+*<(<-;H+0+&.(-*+'(UR0(;(-*( '(+%&-*-*'($E(#&#<(#(D(*('+;;+(0A-.<+'(&+<<+V(;&+$%A+&-'("U0(;(-*('(6F#+F#.#+&(;(+F(A+& -;<&+C90(;(-*('(+%&-.%;D&-*<+6&#A: GH-A+&#,(-*+E#+F('+*,(#<-.-A&#<<%<<-(&&+?-;#&(<J*+;;H(0A(+?-'+;;#0#*-'-A+&#V$-*N+*<&+0(;# A-.(,(-*( ;#F-&#<(F+ (&&+?-;#&(.$-A+&<+.%;;+ 8>f (0A&+.+ '( #%<-<&#.A-&<- A#..#<+ #;.+<#$$(-: G# ;-?(.<($#$-.<(<%(.$+(*D#<<('#.+0A&+V(*.(+0+#'#?&($-;<%&#+'+'(;(,(#V(;A&(0-0+&$#<-'(#$$+..- A+&(;#F-&#<-&(.<&#*(+&((*6<#;(#:S;(%-0(*('+;;#S%#&'(#'(1(*#*,#E#**-#*$E+'(.+?*#<-%*# 0#AA# '+; F(#??(- Z# N-&'- '+( <(&[ *+;;H+F#.(-*+W (; >f A+& $+*<- '+( $-*<&-;;( E# &(?%#&'#<- ;+ &+?(-*('+;$+*<&-V(*A#&<($-;#&+(;G#,(-$-*-;<&+%*<+&,-'+;;H+F#.(-*+D(.$#;++0+&.#+(;B9A+& $+*<-'+;;+(&&+?-;#&(<J;#F-&#<(F+.$-A+&<+Z":8"C[:6;Y-&'`2.<E#8f+F#.-&(<-<#;(.$-F#<(VA#&(#; >RA+&$+*<-'+(.-??+<<(+0+&.(V+(;8"A+&$+*<-'+;;+A-.(,(-*(;#F-&#<(F+(&&+?-;#&(: G+#<<%#;(*-&0+.%;;+O@G;#.$(#*-'%*I%+0#?;(+0-;<-;#&?E+#(<&#.A-&<#<-&($E+$-*.+?*#*- D%-&(N-;;#%<(;(,,#*'-#%<-F+($-;($-*A+&0+..-'H+*<&#<#A&(F#<-:k*#+DD($#$+.-;%,(-*+<+$*($#_ ;# $-.<&%,(-*+ '( %*.(.<+0# '( #$$&+'(<#0+*<- '+(.-??+<<( #%<-&(,,#<( #' +*<&#&+ *+;;+ O@G (* I%#*<-(*&+?-;#Z(*<+&0(*('(\k4/$-*<&(N%<(F-VN-;;#'(D#<<%&#+$-*.+?*#0+&$($-&&(.A-*'+*<([ #<<&#F+&.-'#<(D-&*(<((*#%<-0#<($-[:6;.(.<+0#$-*.+*<(&+NN+$-.i'(A+*#;(,,#&+?;(-A+&#<-&('( <&#.A-&<- (* *+&- Z.(# $-0+ '(&(<<- 'H#$$+..- $E+$-0+ <#&(DD+ 'H(*?&+..-[V $-*<&(N%+*'- # &('%&&+ ;H+F#.(-*+*+;.+<<-&+'+;<&#.A-&<-0+&$(V(*6<#;(#A#&<($-;#&0+*<++.<+.#: >:8Gli strumenti di implementazione delle ZTL >:8:"Le principali modalità di attuazione G-.<%'(-6a6a`Lc/(*'($#;+I%#<<&-A&(*$(A#;(0-'#;(<J<+$*($E+$-*$%(F+*?-*-&+#;(,,#<+;+ O@G(*2%&-A#W "[ #F#&$-%*($-Z#'+.:&+.<&(,(-*(#;;H(*?&+..-'(%*A-*<+-(*%*H#&+#'(A($$-;+'(0+*.(-*([t "R

17 8[ #F#&$E(0%;<(A;(Z&+.<&(,(-*($-*A(^(*?&+..((*%*#.A+$(D($##&+#%&N#*#[(*$%(F(+*+ D-&0#<-%*$-&'-*+$E+'+D(*(.$+%*H#&+#t >[ A+&0+..(A+&;H+*<&#<##;;H(*<+&*-'+;;H#&+#.%N-&'(*#<(#;A#?#0+*<-'(%*A&+,,-t B[ A+&0+..(#A#?#0+*<-N#.#<(.%;;#'(.<#*,#A+&$-&.#-.%;<+0A-'(A+&$-&&+*,#: a(<&#<<#'(0-'#;(<j?+*+&#;(*-*0%<%#;0+*<++.$;%.(f+va+&$e]?;(+*<(;-$#;(*+#'-<<#*-a+&;- A(^ %*# ;-&- $-0N(*#,(-*+: G+ &+.<&(,(-*( # F#&$E( 0%;<(A;( n ;# 0-'#;(<J A&+.$+;<# (* A&+F#;+*,# *+;;+?&#*'($(<<J(<#;(#*+n_I%+;;#&($-*-.$(%<#'#;&#AA-&<-6a6a`Lc/$-0+A(^D;+..(N(;+V.A+$(+.+$-0N(*#<#$-*D-&0+'(A#?#0+*<-+j-$-*<&-;;-+;+<<&-*($-V$E+$-*.+*<+'(0-'%;#&+(*?&+..(+ A&+,,((*D%*,(-*+'+;;+-&+'+;;#?(-&*#<#+j-<(A-'(F+($-;-: k;<+&(-&('(.<(*,(-*(&(?%#&'#*-w ([ ;+ -&+ '+;;#?(-&*#<# (* $%( F(?-*- ;+ &+.<&(,(-*(W (* 2%&-A# *+; T"g '+( $#.( ;# O@G _ #AA;($#<#.%;;+8B-&+V0+*<&+(;8fg'+($-0%*(#AA;($#;+D#.$+-&#&(+t (([ ;+<(A-;-?(+'(%<+*<(.-<<-A-.<(#&+.<&(,(-*(W.-;-;HUV>g'+($-0%*(+%&-A+(;+#AA;($##;.-;-<&#DD($-A&(F#<-V*+;8fVRg+.$;%.(F#0+*<+#(F+($-;($E+<&#.A-&<#*-0+&$(+*+;R"g# +*<&#0N(t ((([?;(.<&%0+*<(<+$*($($E+('+*<(D($#*-(;F+($-;-#;;H(*?&+..-W*+;C>g'+;;+$(<<J+.#0(*#<+(; $-*<&-;;- #FF(+*+ (* 0-'- 0#*%#;+V *+; 8>g #<<&#F+&.- $-*<&#..+?*( Zstickers[ +.-;- *+; 8Bg$-*.<&%0+*<(<+$*-;-?($(: >:8:8Modelli di gestione dell accesso e tecnologie di enforcement Modelli di gestione degli accessi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`/;($P%<(;(<M*+;899f.%;;+890#??(-&($(<<J(<#;(#*+V&(A-&<#<#*+;;#.+?%+*<+D(?%&#: "T

18 G+?+*'#W S(#;;- q#<<(f(<j*-*.f-;<+ 3;%.$%&-q#<<(F(<J(*F(#'(.F-;?(0+*<- 3;%$E(#&-q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d.+0A;($+0+*<+eA+&D#&+$#..#: L+&#;<&-.+0N&#-AA-&<%*-&($-&'#&+$E+(*2%&-A#V.-;-(;"Ug'+;;+$(<<J+.#0(*#<+#AA;($#D-&0+ '(DD+&+*,(#<( A+& <(A-;-?(# 'H%<+*,#V + D-&0+ '( A#?#0+*<- N#.#<+.%; d$-*.%0-e +DD+<<(F- Z'(.<#*,# A+&$-&.# +j- <+0A- '( A+&$-&&+*,#[: GH#AA;($#N(;(<J #;;# D#<<(.A+$(+ '+; A&(*$(A(- '+; N+*+D($(- (*'($# ;#.%A+&(-&(<J +$-*-0($# '+;.(.<+0# '( A&+,,( # $-*.%0- &(.A+<<- #;.+0A;($+ $#*-*+D(..-%?%#;+A+&<%<<(: G# *#<%&# *-&0#<(F# '+;;# O@G $-*.+*<+ $-.i '( $-.<&%(&+ %*.(.<+0# '( A&+,,( (* $%( F+*?-*- $-0N(*#<+'(.$&(0(*#,(-*('(<+&,-?&#'- C ZA&+,,('(F+&.(A+&$#<+?-&(+'(%<+*<([+.(.<+0('(A&($(*? C G#'(.$&(0(*#,(-*+'(A&+,,-ZD(..#&+A&+,,('(F+&.(#.+$-*'#'+($-*.%0#<-&([_A-..(N(;+I%#*'-.(A-..(+'+A-<+&+ '(0+&$#<-:h%+;;#'+;A&(0-?&#'-.(&+#;(,,#I%#*'-.(&(+.$+#D(..#&+%*A&+,,-'(F+&.-A+&$(#.$%*$-*.%0#<-&+ ZA+&$E].+ *+ $-*-.$+ ;# '(.A-*(N(;(<J # A#?#&+[t I%+;;# '+;.+$-*'-?&#'- $-*.(.<+ *+; A&+'(.A-&&+ D#.$+ '(.+&F(,(- "U

19 *-* ;(*+#&( ZA&+,,( $-0A-.<( '# %*# A#&<+ D(..# + %*H#;<&# $E+ F#&(# (* D%*,(-*+ '+;;H+DD+<<(F- $-*.%0-[V$E+$-*.+*<-*-'(&('%&&+;+(*'+.('+&#<++.<+&*#;(<J*+?#<(F+V$E+.-A&#FF(F-*-+*-* F+*?-*-(*<+&*#;(,,#<+*+;$#.-'(%*A#?#0+*<-%*($#0+*<+flat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b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f9g'+;;# A-A-;#,(-*+[ $E+?(J ;H%<(;(,,#*- I%#*'- A#?#*- (.+&F(,( '( <+;+D-*(# 0-N(;+: G+ <#&(DD+ '+; $+;;%;#&+V(*D#<<(V.+?%-*-A&-A&(-<#;($&(<+&( R :h%+.<#_f+&-.(0(;0+*<+%*#.-;%,(-*+a+&(?&#*'( $+*<&( %&N#*( Z#&++ 0+<&-A-;(<#*+[V '-F+ ;# ;(0(<#,(-*+ '+; <&#DD($- _.(?*(D($#<(F#.(# '+*<&- $E+ D%-&(;H#&+#O@GV0+*<&+E#A-$-.+*.-*+;;+$(<<J'('(0+*.(-*+A($$-;#+0+'(#V'-F+;H#<<(F#,(-*+ '(%*.(.<+0#+;+<<&-*($-'($-*<&-;;-E#.$#&.-.+*.-+$-*-0($-: L+&;H+$-*-0(#+A-;(<($#'+(<&#.A-&<(-$$-&&+A+&<#*<-%**%-F-$-*<+.<-$-*$+<<%#;++'-A+&#<(F-V A#&<+*'-'#;;#A&-.A+<<(F#$E+(;<&#.A-&<-*-*_;H-N(+<<(F-D(*#;+V0#'(F+*<#.+0A&+A(^(;0+,,- A+& (*$&+0+*<#&+ (; N+*+..+&+ +$-*-0($- +.-$(#;+: a%; F+&.#*<+ '+; <&#.A-&<- 0+&$( ;H(*'%.<&(# 0-'+&*# &($E(+'+ $E+.(#*-?#&#*<(<+ $-*.+?*+ &#A('+V #<<&#F+&.- D&+I%+*<( +.<&(*?+*<( A&-?&#00#,(-*(V.%&+<('('(.<&(N%,(-*+.+0A&+A(^?&#*'(:G#$&+.$(<#'(F#;-&+A+&%*(<J'(A+.- '+;;+0+&$(<&#.A-&<#<+V;#'(DD%.(-*+'(0-'#;(<J'(A&-'%,(-*+m6@V(;0(?;(-&#0+*<-'+;;H+DD($(+*,# ;-?(.<($# $-0+ ;+F# $-0A+<(<(F#V.-*- <+*'+*,+.<&%<<%&#;( $E+.( +.A&(0-*- *+;;# 0#..(0# #<<+*,(-*+#;&#AA-&<-<+0A-jI%#;(<JjA&+,,-'+;<&#.A-&<-: L+& A&+'(.A-&&+ $-*'(,(-*( 'H-DD+&<# $#&#<<+&(,,#<+ '# 0#??(-&+ +DD($(+*,# +' +DD($#$(# &(.A+<<- # I%+.<++.(?+*,+V*+(<&#.A-&<(.(F#A+&.+?%+*'-%*#'(F+&<($#;(,,#,(-*+'+;A&-$+..-#<<&#F+&.-(; I%#;+ ;H-DD+&<# F(+*+ &+.# '(.A-*(N(;+.%; 0+&$#<-: a( #..(.<+ #' %* &#'($#;+ 0%<#0+*<- '( A&-.A+<<(F#V.(#'+;$-0A#&<-F(#??(#<-&($E+'(I%+;;-0+&$(W$-*;#&(-&?#*(,,#,(-*+'+;.(.<+0# N#.#<#.%;;#.A+$(#;(,,#,(-*+D%*,(-*#;+A+&#0N(<(<+&&(<-&(#;(+$(-_W<&#.A-&<-;-$#;+n<&#.A-&<-# 0+'(-&#??(-n<&#.A-&<-#;%*?-&#??(-(*<+&*#,(-*#;++.%;;#(*<+?&#,(-*+0-'#;+: GH(*<+&+..+A&+F#;+*<+*+;.+<<-&+'+(<&#.A-&<(V&(F-;<-#;;H(*<+?&#,(-*+0%;<(0-'#;+VA%*<##&+*'+&+ '(.A-*(N(;+ A+& (; 0+&$#<- &+<( $#&#<<+&(,,#<+ '# I%#<<&- D#<<-&( $E(#F+W $-**+<<(F(<J '( &+<+V (*<+&$-**+..(-*+V(*<+&0-'#;(<JV(*<+&-A+&#<(F(<J: '(DD+&+*,(#<+A+&$#&#<<+&(.<($E++A&+,,-+;#.$(#&+$E+(;$-*.%0#<-&+.$+;?#I%+;;#A&+D+&(<#:Y+;<+&,-?&#'-(A&+,,( F+*?-*-(*F+$+'(DD+&+*,(#<(A+&$;#..('(%<+*<(: R 5*$E+?;(#NN-*#0+*<(D;#<E#**-.+0A&+%*#$-0A-*+*<+F#&(#N(;+.+.(.%A+&#%*#$+&<#.-?;(#'($-*.%0-: "f

20 L+&;#A(#*(D($#,(-*+'+;.+<<-&++;#'+D(*(,(-*+'+;;+&+;#<(F+*-&0+'(#$$-0A#?*#0+*<-.(F#**- $-*.-;('#*'- *%-F( A+&$-&.( '+$(.(-*#;( $#A#$( '(W '+;(*+#&+ (;.(.<+0# '+;;+ &+?-;+t?-f+&*#&+ (; A&-$+..-'+;;#'-0#*'#t#'+?%#&+(;.(.<+0#'+;;#-DD+&<#t0(?;(-&#&+(;.(.<+0#'+;;+(*D&#.<&%<<%&+: h%+.<(a+&$-&.(*-*a-..-*-+..+&+'(.?(%*<('#i%+;;(&+;#<(f(#;;#a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a($%&#0+*<+ #;$%*( A#&#0+<&(.#&#**- D-*'#0+*<#;( A+& D#F-&(&+ %* <#;+ A&-$+..-V <&# I%+.<( *-* A-..-*- +..+&+ <&#.$%&#<(?;( (*<+&F+*<( A+& ;# 0-N(;(<J.-.<+*(N(;+?(J #<<%#<( #;;H(*<+&*- '+;;H#&+# %&N#*#V $E+ *+; $-0A;+..- &#AA&+.+*<#*- %* A&( A+& %* $#0N(#0+*<- '( 0+*<#;(<JV A&-A+'+%<($-#;;#'(DD%.(-*+'((*(,(#<(F+0(&#<+#;;#0(?;(-&+F(F(N(;(<J%&N#*#: GH(.<(<%,(-*+ '( &+?-;#0+*<#,(-*( $#A#$( '( A&+0(#&+ $E(.F-;?# %*# '(.<&(N%,(-*+ '+;;+ 0+&$( (* 0-'-dF(&<%-.-e&(.A+<<-#$-;-&-(I%#;(-A+&(*-$-*.<#*'#&''(+DD($(+*,#I%#;(<#<(F(+I%#*<(<#<(F( (*D+&(-&(V &#AA&+.+*<# %* A&(0-.<+A A&-?&#00#<($- A+& ;# &(-&?#*(,,#,(-*+ '+;.(.<+0# ;-?(.<($-V <#;+'#A+&0+<<+&+;#'(DD%.(-*+'(%*.(.<+0#$-*<&#AA-.<-#;;H#<<%#;+D&#00+*<#,(-*+-A+&#<(F#: Tecnologie abilitanti per il controllo accessi e la gestione della mobilità h%#*'-.(a#&;#'(#aa;($#,(-*(6/@ninformation and Communication Technologyn#.%AA-&<-'+; <&#.A-&<- 0+&$(V (* ;+<<+&#<%&#V &($-&&-*- '(F+&.+ '+*-0(*#,(-*(V <&# ;+ I%#;( ;+ A(^ D&+I%+*<( ZL-;(<+$*($-'(K(;#*-V899T[.-*-.($%&#0+*<+Wda(.<+0(6*<+;;(?+*<('(@&#.A-&<-eVd@+;+0#<($#e+ d6*d-0-n(;(<je: 7?*%*# '( I%+.<+.( %.# A+& $;#..( '(.(.<+0( '(F+&.(V 0# (* A&#<($# ;# A(^ %<(;(,,#<# _ am.<+0 Z6@a[V $-* $%(.( (*'($#*- <%<<+ ;+ #AA;($#,(-*( 6/@ F-;<+ #' -<<(0(,,#&+ (; <&#.A-&<- *+;.+*.- A(^ #0A(-: 5;;H(*<+&*- '+;;# $;#..+ A(^ #0A(# ;+ #AA;($#,(-*( 6@a F+*?-*- %.%#;0+*<+&($-*'-<<+V(*&#?(-*+'+;;#0#$&-D%*,(-*+-A+&#<(F#$%(.-*--&'(*#<+V#'#;$%*(.-<<-` (*.(+0(A&(*$(A#;(W - +a%aa;m/e#(*2q+$%<(-*w.-;%,(-*($e+#%<-0#<(,,#*-;+#<<(f(<j'(?+.<(-*+(*<+?&#<+'+; $($;--&'(*+`$-*.+?*#V - 1(+;' 1-&$+ 5%<-0#<(-*W.-;%,(-*( A+& ;# $-0%*($#,(-*+ $-* -A+&#<-&( $E+ ;#F-&#*-.%; $#0A-V - 1;++<o1&+(?E<K#*#?+0+*<W#AA;($#,(-*($E+$-*.+*<-*-(;0-*(<-&#??(-'+;;#A-.(,(-*+: G#&+#;(,,#,(-*+'(#AA;($#,(-*(6/@A+&;#?+.<(-*+'+;;#/(<MG-?(.<($.*-*A%b+..+&+$;#..(D($#<# #;;H(*<+&*- '( %*- - '+;;H#;<&- '( I%+.<( $-*<+*(<-&(W %*# N%-*# ;-?(.<($# %&N#*# '-F&+NN+V (*D#<<(V $-0A&+*'+&+ <%<<+ I%+.<+ '+D(*(,(-*( + D%*,(-*(: a( A%b A+*.#&+ #;;# &+#;(,,#,(-*+ '( %* A&-?+<<- (*D-&0#<($-$E+*-*&(.-;F#.-;#0+*<+;+A&-N;+0#<($E+'((*D-&0#<(,,#,(-*+A&-A&(+'+($+*<&('( $-*.-;('#0+*<- %&N#*- T Z'H-&# (* A-( //k[ Z@&#*.A-&< K#*#?+0+*<[V 0# %<(;(,,(.-;%,(-*( $E+ T 60-'+;;(+$-*-0($(+(.<(<%,(-*#;('+(//k.-*-#AA&-D-*'(<(*+;$#A:B 89