OPPORTUNITÀ e NUOVE TECNOLOGIE per l AGRICOLTURA MODERNA. Matteo Zucchelli

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1 OPPORTUNITÀ e NUOVE TECNOLOGIE per l AGRICOLTURA MODERNA Matteo Zucchelli

2 Agricoltura di precisione L'agricoltura di precisione è una strategia gestionale dell'agricoltura che si avvale di moderne strumentazioni ed è mirata all'esecuzione di interventi agronomici tenendo conto delle effettive esigenze colturali e delle caratteristiche biochimiche e fisiche del suolo. (Wikipedia)

3 Agricoltura di precisione Da un punto di vista agronomico si può definire come l'applicazione di principi e tecnologie atte alla gestione del tempo e della variabilità del luogo associata a tutti gli aspetti della produzione agricola, finalizzata al miglioramento delle prestazioni del raccolto, della redditività e della qualità ambientale. Il procedimento di distribuzione del giusto prodotto, nell'esatta quantità, nel punto preciso, al momento opportuno.

4 Perché adottarla? Aumento dell efficienza dei mezzi meccanici Diminuzione dell affaticamento dell operatore Miglioramento delle pratiche agricole Riduzione dell uso di mezzi tecnici (fertilizzanti e fitofarmaci) Diminuzione dell impatto ambientale Aumento delle rese

5 Componenti fondamentali

6 GNSS Basics

7 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Encompasses all satellite navigation sources GPS (USA) 32 current GLONASS (Russian Federation) 27 current Galileo/EGNOS (European Union) 2 current COMPASS/BeiDou-2

8 What is GPS? GPS = The Global Positioning System A collection of a satellites Minimum of 24 satellites, 32 in orbit Provide accurate position worldwide Orbit at 20,200km Copied from GPS Navstar User s Overview prepared by GPS Joint Program Office, 1984

9 Why GPS Effective tool Provides accurate positioning Free Available 24/7/365

10 How Does GPS Work Satellites used as reference to calculate position GPS receiver times radio signal from satellites Uses time delay to measure distance to satellite Requires 4 satellites for 3 dimensional position Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude

11 How Does GPS Work

12 GPS Signals L1 L2 Wavelength 19 cm 24 cm Code C/A P(y) P (y) Message Navigation Navigation MHz MHz

13 GNSS Error Sources Orbit Error Satellite Clock Error Îonosphere Troposphere Receiver Clock Error Multipath

14 GNSS Positioning

15 Satellite Position Matters DOP Dilution of Precision Spread out = low DOP (good)

16 Satellite Position Matters Poor VDOP Bunched up = High DOP (bad)

17 Satellite Position Matters Bad HDOP poor horizontal position Low horizon = High DOP (bad)

18 Why use GPS mainly? Availability of the signal 24 / 7, 365 days/year Currently 30 healthy GPS SVs available 6 to 8 SVs in view most of the time Good HDOP most of the time Good Constellation

19 Why Using GLONASS in addition? Extra Satellites to improve both HDOP and VDOP Currently 21 of 23 SVs are healthy Generally 3-5 Extra SV s Improves Horizontal performances in times of Low GPS Availability Improves Vertical Performance Reduces VDOP Increases Operational Time

20 GPS Satellite Visibility

21 GPS + GLONASS Satellite Visibility

22 GPS Accuracy Autonomous GPS accurate to 10m Increase accuracy with Differential GPS (DGPS) Types of DGPS Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) WAAS, EGNOS, OmniSTAR, Deere Starfire Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) RTK, CORS, NTRIP, Trimble VRS, TopCon TopNet, Leica

23 DGPS Measuring Accuracy Dynamic (pass to pass) 15 minutes Static, Absolute (repeatable) 24 hours Repeatable performance, playing with statistics 1 Sigma 66% 2 Sigma 95% Trimble quotes at 2 Sigma

24 Trimble OnPath Filter OnPath Filter Enabled GPS Autonomous Positions

25 DGPS DGPS reference station measures GPS signal error Compiles correction message Broadcasts correction from ground station or satellite Mobile receiver uses correction to compute position < 5-20cm

26 EGNOS/Galileo EGNOS cm accuracy

27 OmniSTAR XP (HP) Satellite based corrections Signal Omnistar Correction Service available worldwide Convergence within 2 minutes Maximum accuracy reached after typically 30 minutes in an open sky

28 Possible Problems using Satellite based corrections Shadow effect from South facing obstructions L-Band Shadow effect form south facing obstructions - Shadow area No Signal

29 Coverage Map for RTX by satellite

30 RTK RTK Real Time Kinematic Enables 2,5 cm Position Accuracy RTK 2.5 cm accuracy

31 Base Station GPS Signal RTK Correction via Radio Correction Signal over radio Rover

32 RTK Solutions

33 Mobile RTK Stationen

34 RTK Fixed Installation One fixed base station installation to cover most of the fields One repeater to cover white spots in the base station coverage Fix Base Station

35 Review horizontal accuracy

36 Select your solution Guidance Information Management Implement Guidance Planting Seeding Spraying Trimble Agriculture develops innovative technology that transforms the crop production cycle, driving efficiency, sustainability and profitability while protecting the environment Spreading Vigor Mapping & VRA Livestock Water Management Harvesting