Diritto alla vita e diritto alla salute: convergenze parallele?

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1 bt Drtt ll vt drtt ll lut: vrg prlll? Rt Bldu 8 Gl tr tr drtt ll vt drtt ll lut mltpl: lu dr prpt pr muvr ll ttul tt plurlt Rt Bldu, drttr d rdr d Drtt ttul ll Uvrtà dl Pmt rtl TPREMESSA: DAL NESSO INDISSOLUBILE AL POSSIBILE ONFLITTO TRA I DUE DIRITTI r tt mp d qull h v hmt l «prbp» ttul, vr prpr rttr frt dll tr ttu (t ll qulbr tr l u vr prt ll tr d u prt, qul lmt dr dll t ptà d vdr lt), l rt. 3 prt glrtà pulrtà. Lug dll r frmul mprmr dtrr dltr, uttbl d dttr m u mlt mbmt ulturl puttt h p d rtr l dr l vlupp, l rt. 3 p, t tmt h l lg ltr rm ttul, m u tt qulbrt d lt, m dtrmt, dll rl tr pr mutà, tr lbrtà d ur prt rt prt, tr mgg rvlt l prt mm d tml ll gr uv. Qut mpltà trutturl dll rt. 3 fu gà m lu, m u rt d g gtv, ll t du Ambl ttut. Fu Frt Sull dr v, u qut put, ll rrt rt prltr mu tutt l dp pù vtv dl prgtt d ttu, hdd rtrmt d h r d drtt trtt, ffrmd rlmt, u dll u prgrmmttà, «é drtt d lbrtà, é drtt l». S p dl drtt ll lut pm ll ltr ggtt dll m rl, qull dl drtt ll vt, h qu rtrvm u mp dll prud dl ttut. L mt frml pr d tl drtt h vut m rultt u mggr tutl d ò h è, pfmt, pù h u mpl drtt, l pruppt pr l r d tutt drtt, u prpvlr (m l prp dll dgtà um) 3. E d ltr t bt pr ll gu d u tutl pr dl drtt ll vt (pur prt lu ttu tmpr), mpgt d pr: prtrbb d r trprtt, tr l ltr, m fdmt d du pbl tu gurdh ggttv, d u lt l drtt r, dll ltr qull r (d u hm ut ll gurprud dll rt ttul mtr d drtt fdmtl) 5, m, ì rgd, l mbt d tutl dll vt llrghrbb, qut rbb pbl fgurr, d mp, u drtt r trppt u drtt r, ppur u drtt r m fdmt d prt rrtr frt dll truttur tr, dl md dll mdr (m Fr prm dll ddtt l t-prruh) 6. Pr mlt tmp, drtt ll vt drtt ll lut tt dlublmt lgt, qut l prm trvv l d u rt d prlugmt dl prpr mbt d ppl, d dfflmt fgurbl u dd tr u fltt tr du drtt. S tt l v tlgh tr rtmt h ptbl u blmt tr du tu gurdh flggt rdt rpttvmt ll u ll ltr drtt. Tl v, m p d, h p vlt u rul mbvlt: d u lt h prm d lumggr ull vt pr-tl, mpld prtt l

2 bldu tutl dll r um, dll ltr, td qut, h prt uv qutt trrgtv t qul p, lm prt, rvrbrr m trrgtv gurd plt. TRA MORALE E DIRITTO, PASSANDO PER LE ON- EZIONI DELLA LEGGE NATURALE Alm prt, è pp rtt, pr ttlr m p rv mplt vrpp tr dr t dr gurd. h tutt gl trrgtv t p rttrr p ft m dmd h trpll l rdmt gurd prtlr h l dr gurd p m vrppr rdu qull t, è ltt u ptult rtt l d dll mdrtà, u d pld dll Stt ttul d drtt, m u g utt dll rg prt, purhé dmth h tl dt h u bttv mu, qull dl rggugmt dll p rl um 7. L prm mbr prtlrmt utl prpt d tm dll vt, dll lut dll mrt, dv vg rlv, m l rt ttul tl h vut pù vlt d ffrmr, pù vlr tr ttul «qul, l lr mpl, ptul qut m u blmt tr d h ur u lvll mm d tutl lgltv» (ì, rfrmt pf ll prrt, m rpr pù mp, l t. 5 dl 5, h dhrò mmbl l qut rfrdr ull tr lgg. dl ) 8. I prpt, m mbr dv l rul dll vlut gurd, duqu dl mtr dl gurt, prpr l f d vtr mmlm d g t mmlm d g plt, vt l rtrutr tr lr (bt pr ll p r ttlmt fvrvl ll trvt lgltv fftt mtr, r ttlmt trr: prpr l fd rtfl l ddtt ttmt blg tt l trr d mpt h lmrmt trddttr ) 9, purhé prò tl vlut, pr dr ì, tgrl, è p d umr tutt prfl rlvt rd qull p rl dll pr um dll u dgtà u v. Alu mp ptr hrr l pr r t. Et dmd rlvt pr l rdmt gurd h l h, pur mur rmt dt, dl put d vt t. S l lmt l drt rtfl ttu trttmt tr vvr prdur tl dpbl pr grtr l d flgh d b pr vvr, vvr r frm d tg vtl flgmt flt d llvr l ffr ll f dll vt, è u qut ltr rlvt tt l prfl gurd, qut pruppt m pr l ppl dll rt. 3, mm, t., pù grl, dgl ttut h prd l rpprt d ur ( prttutt dl frmt, ut vr prpr drtt fdmtl dll rmtv l, d qull vrl trl), m, pt h qu tr mp l prfl dll t vt d u pr um, 9

3 bt qull dll utdtrm dll mdm, l vlut gurd può fr m d umr é h qull t vrgr ttr l b ggtt d tutl 3. Il l lmt ll dvrtà d tl trttmt ptrbb r rvut prpr ll g d vtr qul frm d mt trput, pr u tur mptbl l dgtà dll pr um l rptt dvutl: l h mprtrbb, ll trgu dll gurprud dll rt ttul, l rlv ll p d prp d utm rpbltà dl md h, l dl pt, pr l r lt prfl. 5 Pr rtr r l mp dll prblmth rt l f dll vt, p p ll du tr ll mmbltà m dl rlv dll vltà prut dll trt rd l rfut dll ur. L rdmt gurd ptrbb prvdr u tl dffr tr l tu ll qul u tl rfut prvg dll pr t pvl l tu ll qul p r vldmt mftt v ttutv, purhé qut d d pprtu prdur utl vlt d urr l rptt dll dgtà d tutt ull b d pprprt rm lgltv. N rbb dv, u qut put, pprr l rgmt dll dpbltà dl b dll vt, pt h d ut pv qu trtt, m d u tu ll qul l rrvrbltà dll ptlg mpd h l trttmt tr p plr l u vl d prv, ur rblt 6 : ul put, vlut gurd vlut t p dr ttmt. V p tu ll qul l dr gurd qull t vrg, m d d vtr rrmt t: è l dll ppl dl prp d pru, h tr rlv prttutt rfrmt ll vlut d tlu mtdh tfh d lr lmt. N p rv b frt ll vlgmt d tl prp, t l pr u, dt lu rh pr l lut l ur um ull u t prtt ut rt, pubbl ptr p trvr utltvmt h dftvmt dmtrt l t l prtt d tl rh rpd rt 7 : prp h du prfrr u trvt dl lgltr h, pur d u rtmt tf pfmt dv, pt pr urr muqu u lvll mm d tutl lgltv tutt gl tr ttulmt rlvt. L b ddtt ll gr d tl prp ll prblmth h qu tr rt dll ppr t rltvt (h uggr, pr d u plurltà d p flggt, d vldrl tutt ll t md duqu d tr dl lgfrr prfrd l u l ltr p), vvr fdt ull lut dl prp dll utdtrm. Qut l prm prfl, gl ttul tt multulturl multt mbr prò prfrbl l ppr plurlt, h t l rrr l lu m lt d mu vlr plurl u r 8 ; qut l d, v rhmt l rl tr l tt d pr qull d lbrtà, hdd t plubl fr prvlr mpr muqu l lbrtà ull pr (pt h tr pr lbrtà l rpprt è d dttà) 9 pprr dgtà dll pr ut vt dll pr t. S trtt, m è hr, d mbt prblmt qul l prfl t qull gurd td duqu gugr (pur m fdr), llgt tr lr dll rfl, l tmp mpr rvt, ull lgg turl. ALUNE ESEMPLIFIAZIONI IN TEMA DI ARTI- FIIALE (ALIMENTAZIONE, FEONDAZIONE) Prvm r d pplr l qudr pr t d lu d prblm pù trvr tm d vt d lut. ) A prpt dll prblmt rt l utr l drt rtfl dll u rbltà dhr tpt d trttmt, mbr d vtr l rtmt vlt prrvr l dvrtà g, qull vlt dmdr ll l utdtrm d vltà tpt (, ddrttur, prut) l rtr pr tblr l mmtr m d tl trttmt. Stt l prm prfl, prt l vdt mmbltà dl rr fftt th qulr fgur mt trput, u lu prrrbl ptrbb r qull dmbrt r td l ddtt hrtlh Pttvrfügug 3, h, pur u l mbgu duqu prfttbl («ut pv»), mmtt h l ggtt p dhrr l prpr vltà rd «trttmt» (Bhdlug) d r d prgur l d mltt gurbl td

4 bldu trml, ludd tr qut h l lmt rtfl (Kütlh Erährug). D glr h l tru d qut tt pr h «prdr dll pbltà gurdh d rfutr mur vlt prlugr l vt, m utr drt rtfl, rm tmt dvr l lr mmtr ll mur u pprtu d ff dl put d vt trput l f dl mtmt vt dl rupr lut», vd ì ffrr u mprtt utrvl frm qut pù pr dv r l mplt vrpp tr vlut t vlut gurd. frmmt p qut prvt dll rt. 9 dll v d Ovd u drtt dll um ull bmd, tl drttv tpt tut dr dl md, l qul prltr ptt g d prr pr l mtmt vt dl pt l l lmt dl rptt dll u dgtà prdr dll mdm v l rult lh fr lmt tl d rvlutr l dg d rrvrbltà dl d, l qudr dll ll trput tr md pt. Stt l d prfl, è tt l put d vt pr rrdt pr u l rm gurdh v t m mr th d t/bt l, m m th d tgr/rd dll vt dll p rl dll pr um, d l rd/tgr l tt d vt dll pr h tr rl tr lr, m d l ppr trm d t/bt, l l rg dgl dvdu, l utdtrm ptrà r t m lut 5, m dvrà blr l prp d dpbltà dll vt, l prp d ldrtà, l prp dll utm rpbltà dl md. ) Ah rd ll mpl qut dll fd rtfl, l ppr qu gut ut llr md fr pù qulbrt l rpprt tr drtt ll vt drtt ll lut. I prpt è trvut l t. 5 dl 9 dll rt ttul 6, h h dhrt l llgttmtà ttul prl dll rt., mm 3 dll lgg. dl ll prt u prvd h l th d prdu dgl mbr dv rr u umr uprr qull trttmt r «d u u tmpr mpt, muqu uprr tr» u prvd h l trfrmt dgl mbr, d rlr pp pbl, m tbl l mm 3, «dbb r ffttut prgud dll lut dll d». S pr qut d prfl v è dubb h l rt bb ftt ppl trtt dl prp d tutl dll lut dll d, qulh dubb ull rl rt ddd ( ull lttur h è tt pr-

5 bt vl dt) rg prpt dll dhr d ttultà dl mm : qu mbr tt h l rt bb prfrt, l blmt, l lut dll d rptt ll tutl dll mbr, qut puttt h l u ul t ll tt dl mt rlv, d prt dll rm mpugt, dll rgl d fd dll utm rpbltà dl md hmt drr l d ggttv dll d h d vlt vlt ttp ll prdur d prr mdlmt tt. S qut è l lttur prfrbl, l lu dt dll rt dt qulh prpltà. L prv d u mm d mbr prdubl («muqu uprr tr») trvv ftt fdmt ltt l prp d pru (h rptt qull dll utm dll rpbltà dl md ptrbb rgvlmt drr mpr dvl) 7, m ll vltà d rprdurr, ll t d fd, prpr l mprtmt pù v pbl qull turl 8. Or, tt h gl vlupp tmpr dll f dll blg bb dlt l fdu u tur ggttv (h l t vrbb dvut ptut r rpprtr) bb ptt l tt ull tur m «tm ptt d rpprt dt dll rr t» tt duqu l dubb mbr tr l fr dl turl qull dll rtfl ( l put h «h l tr dll tur f pr r l rultt d u rtf») 9, rm l g d u tut mm l dll d tur tl d durr tudr l lu pù mptbl tr tur rtf: l lmt dl turl prtt d pprr m rbtrr rvtr ppr puttt m u d pr u vtr ff durvl, h m rpbltà vr l futur gr, ll qul gr u qulbr tr turl rtfl h rptt d qul tut mm d tutt l tu ggttv mrtvl d tutl, ì h tur ultur, blg bgrf, mpg tgr ll pr d vt 3. ì mptt l prblm, fr l rt vrbb pù utlmt ptut rrrr u pru ddtv l qul, l rr l rgvl dll lmt tmplt dll rm, dhr l ttultà ll prt u l u rgdtà pt prludr u vlut dffrt dl md rg dll d ggttv rt dll d: ltr prl, u lu h, mtd frm l prp dll tà dll u tmpr mpt dl ttt l umr d mbr prdubl, dmd l md d mtvr l vtultà d u uprmt d tl lmt rg dll pulrtà dl rt. Pr qut v rbbr tt mggr l gr d rdurr rh d u ppl prt vlt d ullr l rtr lgltv, pur rvt, dll prdu d mbr «l umr trttmt r» 3. m vd, gl tr l vrg tr drtt ll vt drtt ll lut mltpl: l dll dr qu vlt t l prprr lu rtmt pr muvr ll ttul tt plurlt. (Qut rtt dl prf. Bldu è trtt d L ttu rpubbl, ur d. Mrbll, vl. II, Ar, Ml. S rgr l dtr pr l ll pubbl tpt) NOTE Sd u mmg rlt Pr lmdr, rpr tmtt d E. HELI, Il prblm tr dll ttut, l Mul, Blg 973. Srà prò u u llg d prtt, l dputt Gul Adrtt, prmr l vt fvrvl dl grupp dmrt-rt (v. pr tutt, ul dbttt Ambl ttut, A. SIMONINI E. LONGO, Art. 3, mmtr ll ttu. Vlum prm. Artt. -5, ur d R. BIFULO, M. ARTABIA M. OLIVETTI, Utt, Tr 6, p. 656). 3 ì L. VIOLINI A. OSTI, L l d dmr dll vt um, I drtt. Uvrltà plurlm d drtt fdmtl ll rt urp, ur d M. ARTABIA, l Mul, Blg 7, p. 9. Pr., rt., mm Grudgt, rt. 5 ttu pgl, rt., mm ttu rld, rt. ttu prtgh (fr. I. NIOTRA, Vt, AA. VV., Drtt ttul, ur d S. MANGIAMELI, Il Sl Or, Ml 8, p. 75). 5 N v l drtt d mrr, lgmt mptbl l prm: d ultm A. RUGGERI, Dgtà vru vt?, Rvt A -l, /, pp Su u v. pr tutt L. VIOLINI, L lgg fr u d d mt dg d mltt gth ftl, Qud. t., 6, pp.. I Itl, l è pr l dll ut d u drtt r mlfrmt prtr d. v.,. III, 9 lugl,. 8 (pr u frm pù rt v.. v.. III, mgg 9,. 7), ll mbt d u trprt dll lgg 9 dl 978 vlt

6 bldu ludr, lm put d prp, h l mlfrm p ft d pr l ltà dll trru vltr dll grvd. 7 ì, grd prputà, F. Vl, Itrdu J. M. FINNIS, Lgg turl drtt turl, ur d F. VIOLA, Gpphll, Tr 996, p. XXI. Sul put v. h, pr qulh vlupp, R. BALDUZZI, L rt d drtt fdmtl dll U urp. U mp d ttutl drftg?, Qudr rgl, 3, pp Sul put rv l m L btlg tr drtt plt, R. BALDUZZI,. IROTTO I. SANNA, L m ull um. Qul frtr pr l btlg?, Edtr AVE, Rm 5, pp. 3., p. pp Sul prm ptt vd qut h rpr L btlg tr drtt plt, t., pp. 3.; ul d, l du prlmtr ull Att mr XVI lg.,. 35 bbt, Dp mtr d ll trput, d frmt d dhr tpt d trttmt. Sd l pr tut l t dumt dl mtt l d bt pprvt l 3 ttmbr 5. m prmv l rt. 3, mm 5, dl ddl pprvt prm lttur dl St l 6 mgg 9 (l tt pù d rt pprvt mm ll mr d Dputt è tt put l df è prfrt rvr h «dv r mtut f l trm dll vt, d dl u l mdm rult pù ff l frr l pt fttr utrl r ll fu flgh l dl rp»: l ppr dll df vl rdr m rgd l tr dll rm, h f d vtul qut d lgttmtà ttul prm u d ). Sul put v., mmt dll t.. 38 dl 8 dll rt ttul, l dr d R. BALDUZZI D. PARIS, rt ttul frmt tr drtt fdmtl rprt dll mpt lgltv, Gur. t., 8, pp Pr u mpt dml v. A. RUGGERI, Dgtà, t., p., t. 3. Sull u v. l pg d F. G. PIZZETTI, All frtr dll vt: l ttmt blg tr vlr ttul prm dll pr, Ml, Guffrè, 8, pp V. d. rt t., tt. 8 dl, 338 dl 3 5 dl 9 (u u l rg rt d D. SERVETTI, Sull ptt ul mprmbl dll rpbl utm dl md qul lmt ll drltà lgltv: dr vll dll t dll rt ttul. 5 dl 9, R. BALDUZZI ( ur d), L rpbltà prfl mp tr, l Mul, Blg, pp. 59.). 6 ì F. SORRENTINO, Drtt ll lut trttmt tr. Sull fltà dl mlt d trrmpr l ur (tr rt. 3 t.. p.), Qud. rg., 7, pp.. 7 Sul put, ltr l m L btlg, t., pp. 36., v. A. SIMONINI, Alu t u fd md tt, prp d pru ttultà dgl fftt rfrdr, Prr tt. Prblm prpttv, Sh Edtr, F 5. 8 Pr vlgmt ul put v. m L rt d drtt, t., pp.., pù d rt, Sté, rlg, lïté: l dffl xpér tl, r d pubbl. gl Att dl Xèm llqu trtl du tr d Drt d l Sté, Ax-- Prv, 6 vmbr, ur d A. LEA, L Étud Hptlèr, Brdux,. 9 Arhé d tp rprt, d l pr d P. VALADIER, Mrl dérdr. U pldyr pur l hmm, Sul, Pr, pp. 6. rfrmt l t Prtty, vd l dr R. BALDUZZI, L rt d drtt, t., p. 5 t. 79. Sul put v. r J. M. FINNIS, Lgg turl, t., p. pp. 3.; P. VALADIER, Mrl dérdr, t., pp. 6. H prvt ffrr lu put pr dr ltr l guptvm trdl L rt d drtt, t., pp.. V. h, ul put, l dr d. TRIPODINA, Il drtt ll tà dll t. Il dll ut, Jv, Npl, p. pp. 6. È prbblmt qut pt h rfr l lmt ll dvrtà d tl trttmt tut ll rt dgl prtr tr, lbrt dl Ptf gl dll ptrl pr gl prtr tr (ttà dl Vt, 995), prtlr qud (. -) ffrm h «L lmt l drt, h rtflmt mmtrt, rtr tr l ur rml dvut mpr ll mmlt qud rult grv pr lu». 3 Gut l 3 ll ª d, frm gut tr l prdt dll fr ppl td rd. Krl Lhm l prdt dl gl dll h vgl td Pr. Mfrd Kh. L trmlg rl J. M. FINNIS, Lw -rdt, Rt Jur, 989,, pp. 97 ; Id., Lgg turl, t., pp. 3., 33, 36. h l prgrdr dll lbrtà gfh prgrv lbr dgl ltr dll rpbltà lr frt è tt d tmp tut, tr gl ltr, d G. AMATO, Lbrtà: vlur dl trt dvdul dll rpbltà dvdul?, Nuv dm drtt d lbrtà. Srtt r d Pl Brl, dm, Pdv, 99, p. 9. Sul put v. h A. SPADARO, L rt urp d drtt fr dttà dvrtà fr trd lr, L rt urp d drtt, Al dll Fltà d Gurprud d Gv, vl. XXXI, -, -, ur d P. OSTANZO, tr., pp I lg A. RUGGERI, Dgtà, t., p Pr mmt tl t v. prttutt D. SERVETTI, Sull ptt ul mprmbl, t., pp TRIPODINA, L rt ttul, l lgg ull prr mdlmt tt l ttu h vl pù l p d dfdr, Gur. t., 9, pp Sull ppl dl prp d pru u vlt ffrmt l ggttvtà gurd dll mbr rv qut u tmp rtt L btlg tr drtt plt, t., pp Sul put v. l dr d. IROTTO, All lb d u uv vt. L tur l rtf, R. BALDUZZI,. IROTTO I. SANNA, L m ull um, t., pp L prt vrglttt trtt d A. RIGOBELLO, Ntur rtf: l rh d prblm, Adm d tud tltdh, Att dl XXV vg trl d tud tltdh, Hugr, Mr, pp.. 3 H tut d rt tl p ll rl l vg trl d Ax--Prv tt rtr, t h fftt mtr l ppl prt bb ft pr ttur ullr l gr t l blmt ffttut dll rt l dmtr l vd dll trru vltr dll grvd, u u è frmt u drtt vvt u u grv frt mbr d ttultà, h t l dlt brm dl rtr dll lut ph dll gtt, l mplv ttu dll rmtv rgtv pt tutl dl pt. 3