APPENDICI AL CAPITOLO 1

Transcript

1 APPENDICI AL CAPIOLO

2 Ad A. b tr rdt fr rt L surf h s ffo ll tro d u lol ho grl trtur drs, qud sbo fr loro r rrggto. L quot d otz, QR, sbt dll surf d d o u d d è dt d (or grg): ( ) QR, (A. ), L otz olsst sbt fr l rt d d tutt l ltr è dt d: ( ) QR (A. ), u l sotor è sts tutt l ltr surf (s N è l uro dll surf h do sul lol l sotor è dtt sts d N-). Nturlt l surf ordoo h obl, or sldt, l rso rst. Co so (sl) osdro u lol o qullo u rfrs l tolo, o rrdto o u tro h trss l tr rt, zhé l solo o fstr d dso fror qull dll rt u è srt. I ltr rol l rt trt qull o oost soo rlll d ho l stss r, l ltr ( rt, to sofftto, h hudoo l rllldo osttut l lol) ho tutt l stss ltzz dll rdt lrghzz ugul fr loro, drs d qull dll surf trt ( d qull d ss oost, dtt). All r du rt ssgo u surf d ll ltr u surf r l rt rtl d r qull orzzotl (to sofftto). Ad so s l dso dll trt soo, qull rtl b, qull orzzotl, b. o s d l rofodtà dl lol (dstz fr l du rt rlll), s ott b. Il fttor d st b, turlt, fuzo dll oszo rlt rt-tro. Nl so d surf rlll dhro l fttor d st o r gl ltr o or. o slfzo osso h tutt l rt oh so ll stss trtur l tro d u trtur, ullro lo sbo fr l rt oh su d ss trgrbb ut o l surf trt (d ). uodo, oltr, h tutt l rt bbo l stss rsstà,, l (A.-) drrbb: Prt QR, Prt QR ( ), rlll orl ll ( ) ( ) ll ( ) ( ) trt trt r or r or (A.-) I u uò ssr ugul d o. Il rorto / fors, qusto so, l rofodtà dll stz sso rdolr rstto ll trt. N rqudr suss s do l forul r fttor d st d dottr qust so.

3 Il rorto / è dto, r l rt rtl, d / /b r qull orzzotl d / /, ugul rsttt, o sbol dottt l ro rqudro, / /. N grf dll fgur (A.-) (A.-) s ostro gl dt d du fttor d st fuzo d / r lu lor d //b. Pr so l lor d / orrsod d u lol d for ub, o qullo sto rdz: b. Mtdo ostt / (s. b) u duzo d orrsod d u uto dll rofodtà dl lol. Corrsodtt s rf u duzo dl fttor d st fr l du surf rlll (rt rtl trt) d u uto d qullo fr surf ortogol (rt rtl, sofftto, to trt). b b r rt rt rt rt l π gur A.- - ttor d st r surf rlll drttt oost. ) b b w h l l w l h or ) ( l rt rt rt π h l w gur A.- - ttor d st r surf ortogol o sgolo ou

4 U olt dtrt fttor d st è ossbl lolr gl sb tr fr l r rt l trt o l forul su srtt. Vrfho l ossbltà d fr l ots rdt (tutt l rt ll stss trtur ) r u lol ubo o qullo f qu osdrto gl s. Atto d ssr odzo stzor h l rt so dbth rso lol oft sbo r ozo o l r tr r rrggto o l trt, tr qust ult, oltr sbr r rrggto o l rt sb r ozo o l r tr d str. L trtur dl tro, suosto sotro, s uò dtrr o l quzo d blo QR QR or or r or r (A.-) Pr l rt rlll ll fstr (d ) s sr u rlzo log ll rdt, r dllo sbo otto o l stro. or or r (A.-5), 5,, 5,, 5,, 5,,,6,8,,,6,8,,,6,8, r / r / r / o r / o r / o r / gur A.- Adto d fttor d st r surf rlll ortogol.

5 or or (A.-6) or or (A.-6) è otzzto h l rt bbo trtur drs fuzo dl drso fttor d st o u doo l trt. Poo r sltà d otzo l quzo suss ll for: o or or or or r (A.-7) Rfro dr l lol d for ub (b ). I tl odzo, ohé or, or, or s uò rtr h. Qud oltr osdr gl sb fr rt trt sstoo h dgl sb fr l rt ortogol ll fstr qull rlll. L quzo (A.-7) s rsr, odo h,9: or or or or r (A.-8) E, ohé or or or or r (d fg. A.- )

6 (A.-9) ottrdo l qurt quzo dll trz s d subto h l trtur dll surf dll rt ortogol ll trt soo tutt ugul r fftto d str. Iftt: (A.-) lil sst d quzo s rdu llor : (A.-) gug : [ ] 5 5 (A.-) Egugldo fr loro br dstr dll sod trz quzo, s gug ll quzo: 6 6 Coè, o r logo ttdrs grz ll str ( or r ). gug, qud, : [ ] 5 5 (A.-) If s r l quzo r tror l : [ ] 5,5 (A.-) , 8, 8, 8, 8,5 8,6 8,7 8,8 8,9 9 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,5 9,6 9,7 9,8 9,9 ( C) ( C) ( C) C/ ()/ ( C) C/ ()/ ( C) gur A.- oluzo grf dll quzo (A.-)

7 Co lor dll so d lol ubo s h:,9 9, o : / 9,76 5, 5, 8 8 P K L rsoluzo dll quzo rdt è ostrt grft ll fgur (A.-) u l lor d s ott orrsodz dll trszo fr l fuzo () o l ostt C. [ ] C 5 ) (,5 L orrsodt trtur dl tro s ott d u dll ltr quzo dl sst, o llustrto l grfo d fgur (A ). Nll soluzo s soo ssut sgut lor: C, C, 7/ K, / K. I orrsodz d qust s h: 8, C 7,5 C. Nl grfo soo rortt, zhé C d (), C/ ()/ soltto r frl rtrr llo stsso grfo dll trtur. o s osdrss l fftto d rrggto dll rt l trtur dl tro s ottrrbb dll quzo sgut: C 8 5, 7 7

8 A- L rdzo solr sull surf tr dll rt. w z z ( τw) s r ( τw) os r r ( τw) s r r r ( τw) os gur A.- Prorso dll rdzo solr ll tro d u bt (todo d rgg) Cosdro l rdzo solr h d su u fstr rtl sost sud. U rggo d sol rà u dto golo d ltzz solr,, (golo h l rggo for o l su rozo sul o orzzotl) d u rto zut, z, (golo h l rozo dl rggo sul o orzzotl rstto ll rtt, gt sul o orzzotl, h d ord sud h qusto so od o l rtt orl l o dll fstr). Pr sltà rfro l so d sol llo zt (or ) u l rdzo drtt trss l tr lrghzz dl to. o w s d l lor dll tstà d rdzo orrsodt h d sull trt, s uò rrorrr l rorso d u rggo o dsrtto ll rt bss dll fgur A.-. U quot, τw, fuzo dl offt d trssso dl tro, τ, ttrrs l trt d d sul to (dto ol d fgur). U rt d ss, τws, ssorbt dl to d offt d ssorbto d u ltr rflss, r τw osì. Cosdrdo r quttro rors s ottgoo l frzo ssorbt sull rt sul tro: w s ( τ ) r ( τw) os r r ( τw) s r r r ( τw) os (A.-) L rdzo rot dll tro h d sul tro, oltr d ssr ssorbt rflss, h rtrsss ll stro. Pr l rt s h, gr,8-,9, tr r u tro ordro τ,8. uò ostrur l sgut tbll:,8,9 r,6,9 r r,,9 r r r,6,9

9 Co ttso, l grosso dll otz tto dll surf h stt r r dll rdzo. L surf l zz dll r rrggt ossoo br fuzo dll gotr dll stz, dll ltzz solr, dll or dl goro dll soszo. r r surf sost sud, zzogoro s ossoo r, d so l ofgurzo dll fgur suss (A.- ), rfrt d u lttud d Nord. ( ) s I obr Al sol 7,,9,69 go fbbro rzo 5,99 rl h 6,88 7,5 ggo gugo 7,8 luglo 68, gosto h 57,87 sttbr 5,9 ottobr h dbr I ss soo ostrt, r u lol d for ub d lto h, l surf h goo trsst dll rdzo solr r l ro goro d og s, d go gugo. L rt ors fr l fstr, l to l rt d rggo h tr l lol (d dsgo lto sstr) è solggt, tr l ltr rst obr. A qusto o gguto l otrbuto dll rdzo dffus, o osdrto qust fgur. d o, l dur dll golo d ltzz solr, oè ssdo dll stt ll ro, dr trsst u r ù sts dl to, susst, h u r rst dll rt oost ll fstr.,77 6, obr gur (A.-) Ar solggt l rr d, zzogoro, o fstr ud. 6 5 zut solr ( ) ltzz solr ( ) gol d zut d ltzz solr or dl goro gur (A. - ) Adto dgl gol z d l ro d Go r d lttud Nord.

10 Nturlt, durt og sgolo goro, gl gol d z bo o llustrto fgur (A.-) r l ro goro d go, sr r u lttud d Nord. D osguz l solggto trssrà tutt l rt dl lol sodo odltà sl qull dsuss rdz.