Indice VERBS - PAST TENSES

Transcript

1 USE OF ENGLISH: PAST TENSES PROF.SSA COLOMBA LA RAGIONE

2 Indice 1 VERBS - PAST TENSES PAST CONTINUOUS PAST TENSES EXERCISE SPELLING AUTOVALUTAZIONE di 28

3 1 Verbs - Past Tenses The past tense is used to talk about events that began and ended in the past. The form of the verb is the same for each person. (except for the verb to be). Il passato si usa per parlare di eventi che ha avuto inizio e si è conclusa nel passato. La forma di un verbo è lo stesso in prima, seconda, terza persona singolare e plurale e (ad eccezione del verbo essere). For regular verbs the past tense is formed by adding ed (or just d if the verb ends in e) to the bare infinitive. Per i verbi regolari il passato è normalmente formato aggiungendo-ed (o semplicemente-d se il verbo termina in-e) all'infinito del verbo ordinario. Example: To Talk «The two women talked on the phone last night.» Time expressions which are used with the Past Tense Espressioni di tempo generalmente usate con il Past Tense 1) yesterday (ieri) 2) last week\month\year ( la\o scorsa settimana\mese\anno) 3) three days ago ( tre giorni fa) 3 di 28

4 4) this morning\afternoon\evening ( questa mattina\nel pomeriggio\in serata) 5) or a date o con una specifica data es.: in 1975 I was.. Irregular verbs have an irregular past-tense form Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione arise arose arisen sgorgare Awake awoke awoken svegliare bear bore borne sopportare Beat beat beaten battere Become became become diventare begin began begun cominciare bend bent bent curvare,piegare Bet bet bet scommettere bid bid bid fare un'offerta Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione bind bound bound legare bite bit bitten mordere bleed bled bled sanguinare blow blew blown soffiare 4 di 28

5 break broke broken rompere breed bred bred allevare bring brought brought accompagnare build built built costruire burn burnt burnt bruciare burst burst burst scoppiare buy bought bought comprare Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione Cast cast cast lanciare (un dado) catch caught caught ottenere (prendere) choose chose chosen scegliere Cling clung clung afferrare come came come venire cost cost cost costare creep crept crept strisciare cut cut cut eliminare, tagliare deal dealt dealt gestire (trattare) dig dug dug scavare 5 di 28

6 do did done fare Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione draw drew drawn tirare dream dreamt dreamt sognare drink drank drunk bere drive drove driven guidare dwell dwelt dwelt dimorare eat ate eaten mangiare fall fell fallen cadere Feed fed fed nutrire feel felt felt sentire fight fought fought combattere find found found trovare Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione flee fled fled fuggire fling flung flung lanciare (con forza) fly flew flown volare forbid forbade forbidden vietare 6 di 28

7 Forget forgot forgotten dimenticare forgive forgave forgiven perdonare freeze froze frozen ghiacciare get got got ottenere, diventare Give gave given dare go went gone andare grind ground ground macinare grow grew grown produrre (coltivare) hang hung hung appendere have had had avere Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione hear heard heard udire Hide hid hidden nascondere hit hit hit percuotere, colpire hold held held tenere hurt hurt hurt fare male keep kept kept conservare kneel knelt knelt inginocchiarsi 7 di 28

8 know knew known sapere lay laid laid stendere lead led led condurre lean leant leant piegare (inclinare) leap leapt leapt saltare Learn learnt learnt imparare Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione Leave left left partire (andar via) lend lent lent prestare let let let lasciare lie lay lain sdraiarsi light lit lit illuminare lose lost lost perdere Make made made fare, realizzare Mean meant meant significare Meet met met incontrare mow mowed mown falciare overcome overcame overcome sopraffare 8 di 28

9 pay paid paid pagare put put put mettere Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione quit quit quit smettere read read read leggere rid rid rid liberare da ride rode ridden andare in, cavalcare Ring rang rung suonare rise rose risen alzarsi run ran run correre saw sawed sawn segare say said said dire see saw seen vedere seek sought sought cercare sell sold sold vendere send sent sent mandare Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione set set set fissare 9 di 28

10 sew sewed sewn cucire shake shook shaken scuotere shear sheared shorn tosare shed shed shed spargere Shine shone shone brillare Shoe shod shod ferrare i cavalli shoot shot shot sparare show showed shown mostrare shrink shrank shrunk ridursi shut shut shut chiudere Sing sang sung cantare sink sank sunk affondare sit sat sat sedersi Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione sleep slept slept dormire slide slid slid scivolare slink slunk slunk sgattaiolare slit slit slit tagliare 10 di 28

11 smell smelt smelt sentire odore sow sowed sown seminare speak spoke spoken parlare speed sped sped accelerare spell spelt spelt scandire spend spent spent spendere Spill spilt spilt versare spit spat spat sputare split split split spaccare Spoil spoilt spoilt guastare Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione Spread spread spread espandere spring sprang sprung rimbalzare Stand stood stood stare in piedi steal stole stolen rubare stick stuck stuck appiccicare sting stung stung pungere stink stank stunk puzzare 11 di 28

12 stride strode stridden avanzare a grandi passi strike struck struck colpire strive strove striven sforzarsi Swear swore sworn giurare sweep swept swept spazzare swell swelled swollen gonfiare Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione Swim swam swum nuotare swing swung swung dondolare take took taken prendere teach taught taught insegnare tear tore torn lacerare tell told told dire, raccontare think thought thought pensare Throw threw thrown gettare, slanciare thrust thrust ficcare forzare tread trod trodden calpestare undergo underwent undergone subire 12 di 28

13 Understand understood understood capire Upset upset upset preoccupare wake woke woken svegliarsi Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione Wear wore worn indossare weave wove woven tessere weep wept wept piangere win won won vincere wind wound wound serpeggiare withdraw withdrew withdrawn ritirarsi wring wrung wrung torcere Write wrote written scrivere 13 di 28

14 2 Past Continuous The past continuous uses was/were with the base form of the verb plus ing (I was walking). It indicates that something was happening while something else happened. Il passato continuo usa was/were con il participio presente (-ing form) dei verbi principali. Esso indica che qualcosa stava accadendo quando è successa un altra cosa. We generally use when with the past simple and while with the past continuous. Generalmente si usa when con il passato semplice e while con il passato continuo. es.: I was having a shower WHEN the doorbell rang. WHILE I was having a shower, the doorbell rang. Past continuous - example: I was coming You were coming He/she/it was coming We were coming You were coming They were coming 14 di 28

15 Examples: I spoke to him yesterday. (gli ho parlato ieri/ azione conclusa) I was speaking to him yesterday when Mary came in. (ieri gli stavo parlando quando M. entrò / azione non conclusa, al passato) Esprime un azione in corso di svolgimento che abbia una certa durata: I was studying hard last month Esprime azione occasionale: On that day I was working (Quel giorno lavoravo ) Esprime azione temporanea anche se ripetuta: I am/was staying at Mary s house (soggiorno temporaneamente da Maria) Può trovare applicazione nella forma passiva quando voglia indicare che il soggetto sta/stava subendo una data azione: A new house is/was being built at the corner of the street. (si sta/stava costruendo una nuova casa all angolo ) I was going to (do something) / avevo intenzione di (intendevo) fare qualcosa, che posso anche non aver fatto Examples: 1. I was going to travel by train, but then I decided to go by car. 2. I thought it was going to rain, but then the sun came out. 15 di 28

16 3. He told me his name, but I don t remember it at all. (not/remember) 4. I used to drink a lot of beer, but these days I prefer wine. (prefer) 5. John is being very nice to me at the moment. I wonder why. ( TO BE ) 6. She is usually very nice. (TO BE ) EX.: What are you doing? I am reading an interesting book. What were you doing when I phoned you? I was having a shave. Richard is writing a book. Last week he was at the National Library to examine four manuscripts. Next week he is going to London to complete his work. What are you going to do when you graduate in English? I think I m going to England to attend an English course. - Why are you carrying an umbrella with you? Isn t the sun shining? - When I went out this morning, it was raining. What will you be doing tomorrow at this time? I think I ll be sleeping. 16 di 28

17 3 Past tenses exercise Read and complete the sentences with either the Present Perfect or the Simple Past of the verbs in brackets: 1. I _ (not go)to school last week because I _ (be) sick.(didn T GO)(WAS) 2. Paul_(just/start)reading a new book.( HAS JUST STARTED) 3. He_(never/eat) such delicious cookies.(has NEVER EATEN) 4. Michael_ (drink) too much last night.(drank) 5. _(you/ever/be) late for school?(have YOU EVER BEEN) 6. Don t forget to post the letter, will you? I it (already post). (I HAVE ALREADY POSTED IT). 7. _ (they/wash) their father's car on Sunday?(DID THEY WASH) 8. I_(arrive) from Italy yesterday morning.(arrived) 9. Linda's husband only_(leave) 5 minutes ago and she already misses him.(left) 10. Sarah (work)in this company since she was very young.(has WORKED) Past tenses exercise Write past simple or past continuous in the gaps: 1. When the post man _ (arrive), my father (have a shower).(arrived) (WAS HAVING) 17 di 28

18 2. While my brother.. (study), my grandma_ (make) some muffins.(was STYDYING) (WAS MAKING) 3. I_ (go) to the doctor 2 days ago because I _(have) a terrible headache. (WENT)(HAD) 4. When I_(be) 10, I-- (eat) a sandwich every evening.(was) (USED TO EAT) 5. He _(miss) the train because he _ (talk) with some friends.(missed) (WAS TALKING) 6. The thieves_(come) into the house while the man_ (sleep).(came) (WAS SLEEPING) 7. I _(drink) a glass of water at eleven. I'm not thirsty now.(drank) 8. _you _(write) the composition last week?(did YOU WRITE) 9. My mother (not/be) at home when she _(fall) down the stairs. (WAS NOT) (FELL). 10. The children _ (plant) a tree when their mummy_(call) them.(were PLANTING) (CALLED) in, at) 2) Write the most suitable words in each gap (ago, yesterday, last, while, when, as, on, 1) Tommy's father worked in that office 2 years 2) The plane was flying 8 p.m. 3) My best friend went to London month 4) I was having dinner, my sister was having a shower 5) did the supermarket close? 6) Your aunt studied German di 28

19 7) we were asleep, we didn t hear the doorbell. 8) I got home, I had a bath. 9) The TV broke 26 th October 10.Just I sat down, the phone rang. 1.AGO 2.AT/YESTERDAY 3.LAST 4.WHILE 5.WHEN 6.IN 7.AS 8.WHEN 9.ON. 10 AS Past tenses - exercise Which sentence is the correct one? 1) a)the men were studying on the new project all day yesterday.. b) The men was studying on the new project all day yesterday c) The men studied on the new project all day yesterday 2) a) When were you finishing your project? b) When did you finish your project?.. c) When were you finish your project? 3) a) You didn't be at the party yesterday 19 di 28

20 b) you didn't were at the party yesterday c) You weren't at the party yesterday.. 1c. 2.b 3.c 4. a) My sister watched TV while her husband was playing with the children b) My sister was watching TV while her husband was playing with the children. c) My sister was watching TV while her husband played with the children. 5) a) The students were talking when the teacher was arriving b) The students talked when the teacher was arriving c) The students were talking when the teacher arrived.. Answer key: 1c 2.b 3c 4b 5c Past Simple - exercise 1. The last lesson (begin) at Joe (feel) ill after lunch 3. Suddenly a bird (fly) through the window 4. I think you (do) the wrong thing. 5. Jane (get) ready very quickly 20 di 28

21 6. We (know) the answer 7. The students (not stand) up when the teacher arrived. 8. It was cold, but I (not wear) my overcoat. 9. Anna (not have breakfast) 10. Maria and Carlos (not go) to university. Answer key: 1.began 2. felt 3. flew 4.did 5.got 6. knew 7.didn t stand up 8.didn t wear 9. didn t have 10.didn t go 21 di 28

22 4 Spelling PLURALE DEI NOMI: Se terminano in s, -x, -z, -sh, -ch - aggiungono es : Esempio: glass/es; clash/es; watch/es. Se terminano in o, - aggiungono s. se - o è preceduta da vocale; - aggiungono es, se - o è preceduta da consonante: Esempio: cameo/s; potato/es Se terminano in y, - aggiungono s, se y è preceduta da vocale; - trasformano y in ies se preceduta da consonante: Esempio: boy/boys; lady/ladies. Se terminano in f oppure in fe - trasformano la desinenza in ves. Esempio: knife/knives; wife/wives; life/lives; shelf/shelves; leaf/leaves. Eccezione: safe/safes; reef/reefs; fife/fifes; gulf/gulfs. 22 di 28

23 Seguono la regola generale I nomi terminanti in ff, -oof, -rf, -ief, Eccezione: thief /thieves Esempio: cliff/s; dwarf/s; handkerchief/s. SiMan/men; woman/women; child/children; ox/oxen; foot/feet; goose/geese; tooth/teeth; louse/lice; mouse/mice. singolare/ plurale irregolare : NORME ORTOGRAFICHE PER I VERBI: I verbi seguono le stesse norme ortografiche dei sostantivi. Davanti alla desinenza ed del passato e del part.passato, i verbi terminanti in y trasformano y in -i se preceduta da consonante, altrimenti rimane invariata: Esempio: (to) study/ studied; (to) employ/employed 23 di 28

24 Gerundio e participio presente (uguali in inglese), aggiungono ing all infinito senza to; la e finale dei verbi cade davanti alla desinenza ing, con l eccezione dei verbi terminanti in -ee: Esempio: cross/ing; study/ing; to employ/ing; love/loving; (to) blame/blaming; (to)see/seeing; (to)free/freeing Fanno eccezione i verbi: tinge/tingeing To be/being; to dye/dyeing; to eye/eyeing; to shoe/shoeing, to singe/singeing; to I verbi terminanti in y restano invariati: Esempio: (to) study/studying; (to) employ/employing. I verbi terminanti in ie trasformano ie in -y : Esempio: (to) lie/ lying; (to) die/dying. Il raddoppiamento: Raddoppiano la consonante finale dinanzi a desinenza cominciante per vocale: I verbi monosillabici (stop/stopping/stopped) I verbi bisillabici con l accento sull ultima sillaba (prefer/preferring/preferred) I verbi terminanti in L (travel/travelling/travelled) 24 di 28

25 Fanno eccezione: to reap/reaping/reaped; to reveal/revealing/revealed. PLURAL FORMS Write these words in plural. Add s. es, -ies, -ves Boy -s Pencil -s Peach -es Potato -es Box -es Baby -ies Shelf shelves Bus -es City -ies Dish -es Robot -s Knife knives Girl -s Fox -es Toy -s Tomato -es Dress -es Beach -es Lady -ies Monkey -s Bench -es Brush -es Snake -s Door -s Wife wives Desk -s Pen -s Tree -s Story -ies Body -ies Glass -es Life lives Leaf leaves Key -s Cherry -ies Duck -s Day -s Chair -s Egg -s Wish -es EXERCISE Change the sentences into the plural form. 1. The man is tall (MEN ARE ) 25 di 28

26 2. The woman is fat (WOMEN ARE) 3. The child is sad ( CHILDREN ARE ) 4. The mouse is grey (MICE ARE) 5. My tooth is white (TEETH ARE ) Change the sentences into the singular form. 1. The geese are in the yard (GOOSE IS ) 2. There are ten oxen on my uncle s farm (IS AN OX ) 3. The policemen are old (POLICEMAN IS) 4. The mice are hungry (MOUSE IS ) 5. The sheep are ugly (SHEEP IS ) 26 di 28

27 5 Autovalutazione TEST DI AUTOVALUTAZIONE 1. The two men on the phone last night(to talk) 2. I to him yesterday when John came in (to speak) 3. I a glass of wine at eleven (to drink) 4. What you when I phoned you?(to do) 5. I to school last week.(not go) 6. Don t forget to post the letter? I it (already post) 7...you the composition last week?(write) 8. Mary at home when John down the stairs (not/to be) (fall) 9. Just when I down, the phone (to sit) (to ring). 10. My sister.tv while her husband..the piano. (to watch) (to play) Autovalutazione: risposte 1. talk/talks/talked/ were talking 2. was speaking/were speaking/speaks/spoke 3.drink/drank/drunk/drinking 4. was you doing/were you doing/ you did/ did do. 27 di 28

28 5. I don t go/i didn t go/ I not go/i not went 6. I have already posted/ had already posted/ I already posted/ I have posted already. 7. did you write/ did you wrote/ writes/ wrote. 8. is not fell/ was not fell/ is not fell/was not..falled. 9. sat rang/sits rang/sat ringing/sat rings/ 10. Was watching played/ watched was playing/ watched played/ was watching was playng. Autovalutazione: risposte corrette. Answer key: 1. talked 2. was speaking 3. drank 4. were you doing 5. I didn t go 6. I have already posted it 7. did you write 8. was not fell. 9. sat rang. 10. was watching was playing. 28 di 28