Università degli Studi di Bari

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1 Università degli Studi di Bari Laboratorio di Lingua Inglese Dott. Gary Friel 1

2 CONTENTS GRAMMAR & WRITTEN EXERCISES The Present Simple Tense 3 The Present Continuous Tense 6 The Past Simple Tense 8 The Present Perfect Simple Tense 10 Comparatives & Superlatives 12 The Future 13 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 14 COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES Questions and Answers 15 All About You 16 What Time Is It? 17 My Weekends 18 Talking About The Past 19 Yes, I Have 20 Two Brothers / Quiz 21 Steven s Plans 22 Intentions / Predictions 23 Going To 24 How Long? 25 APPENDIX Pronouns / Adverbs of Frequency 26 Irregular Verbs 27 Modal Verbs / Siti Utili 29 2

3 THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Per parlare di qualcosa che è vero in generale o di azioni o situazioni ricorrenti. TO BE (essere/stare) italiano POSITIVA CONTRATTA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA io sono I am I m I m not Am I? tu sei You are You re You re not / You aren t Are you? lui è He is He s He s not / He isn t Is he? lei è She is She s She s not / She isn t Is she? esso/a è It is It s It s not / It isn t Is it? noi siamo We are We re We re not / We aren t Are we? voi siete You are You re You re not / You aren t Are you? loro sono They are They re They re not / They aren t Are they? TUTTI GLI ALTRI VERBI * per esempio, TO WORK (lavorare) italiano POSITIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA io lavoro I work I don t work Do I work? tu lavori You work You don t work Do you work? lui lavoro He works He doesn t work Does he work? lei lavora She works She doesn t work Does she work? esso/a lavora It works It doesn t work Does it work? noi lavoriamo We work We don t work Do we work? voi lavorate You work You don t work Do you work? loro lavorano They work They don t work Do they work? LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA A + S + V =? (ausiliario + soggetto + verbo = domanda) 3 PERSONA He works. He doesn t work. Does he work? 3 * vedi: Modal Verbs pagina 24

4 1. La risposta breve usa l ausiliario DO (o DOES) per ogni verbo (tranne il verbo TO BE): Do you like pop music? Ø Yes, I do. Ø No, I don t. Does your girlfriend live in Bari? Ø Yes, she does. Ø No, she doesn t. 2. Nelle forme negative e interrogative il verbo TO HAVE (avere) può essere formato, come qualsiasi verbo, con il verbo ausiliario DO/DOES (preferito negli Stati Uniti) o con GOT (più comune in Gran Bretagna): USA: Do you have a car? Does he have a sister? I don t have a pen. She doesn t have a book. GB: Have you got a car? Has he got a sister? I haven t got a pen. She hasn t got a book. 3. Se una domanda inizia con una preposizione in italiano finisce con la preposizione in inglese: Ø Di dove sei? Ø Con chi vive? Ø A cosa riferisce? Ø Fino a che ora lavorano? = Where are you from? = Who does he live with? = What does it refer to? = What time do they work until? 4. Quando il soggetto non è conosciuto non si usa il verbo ausiliario nella forma interrogativa: Ø Chi abita qua? = Who lives here? Ø Che succede dopo? = What happens after? Ø Quanti studenti sanno la risposta? = How many students know the answer? 5. La forma positiva della terza persona si forma cosi: verbo à + s She plays tennis. Eccezione: do / go à + es He does nothing. / She goes to church. s à + es She passes all the tests. ch à + es She watches TV. sh à + es It washes floors. consonante + y à + ies He studies a lot. have à has He has a car. 4

5 TRADUZIONE perché?.. chi?.. quando?.. di chi?.. dove?.. quale?.. cosa?.. come?.. 1. Di dove sei? Dove vivi? Con chi vivi? Con chi vive il tuo amico? Come si chiama lui? È difficile Non avete molto tempo Quanti anni hanno? * Perché Stefania è arrabbiata? Mi piacciono i film Rita va al lavoro in macchina A che ora ti alzi? Lui non fuma Sono le nove meno dieci Che cosa fa tuo padre?... *Numero 8: Si usa il verbo TO BE in inglese. 5

6 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Per parlare di azioni o situazioni in corso in questo momento, o questo periodo. TO BE +...ING TO STUDY (studiare) italiano io sto studiando tu stai studiando lui sta studiando lei sta studiando esso/a sta studiando noi stiamo studiando loro stanno studiando io non sto studiando io sto studiando? POSITIVA I am You are He is She is studying It is We are They are NEGATIVA I m not You re not / You aren t He s not / He isn t She s not / She isn t studying It s not / It isn t We re aren t / We re not They re not / They aren t INTERROGATIVA Am I Are you Is he Is she studying? Is it Are we Are they 6

7 ESERCIZIO A What are they doing? 1. She on the phone. 2. She dinner. 3. She football. 4. He ESERCIZIO B Present Simple or Present Continuous? 1. Look at that dog. It plays / is playing with a cat! 2. My mother always drives / is driving to work. 3. I can hear a baby. It cries / is crying. 4. I hate my neighbour. He listens / is listening to loud music all night, every night. 5. He s not in his office today. He works / is working at home. TRADUZIONE 1. Cosa stai facendo? Sta piovendo Suo marito non lavora oggi perché sta male Sto leggendo un libro molto interessante Dove vai?... Vado a casa. Sono stanco fare 2. piovere 3. marito male 4. leggere 5. stanco 7 = to do = to rain = husband = ill = to read = tired

8 THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE Per parlare di azioni o situazioni successe in un periodo finito. TO BE (essere/stare) POSITIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA I was I wasn t Was I? You were You weren t Were you? He was He wasn t Was he? She was She wasn t Was she? It was It wasn t Was it? We were We weren t Were we? They were They weren t Were they? TUTTI GLI ALTRI VERBI...ed/didn t/did? Positiva: Negativa: Interrogativa: Yesterday I cooked lasagne. He didn t have much time. Did they study yesterday? Solo i verbi regolari. Tutti i verbi. LA PRONUNCIA VERBI REGOLARI Solo quando il verbo finisce con T o D si pronuncia l ultimo sillabo (-ED). d t tid loved cooked wanted 8 did needed

9 TRADUZIONE questo/a.. quello/a.. questi/e.. quelli/e.. 1. Cosa hai detto? Non ho sentito Siamo andati al cinema ieri Con chi sei andata in vacanza? Dove sei stato ieri sera? Hai visto la partita domenica? Abitavano a Bari da 2009 a Il suo ragazzo venne in taxi Quanto avete pagato? Loro sono andati via alle Mi è piaciuta la torta Siamo stati a casa di John sabato Paul uscì per telefonare a sua moglie Quanti anni avevi? Mio padre non aveva una televisione in casa quando era bambino dire = to say 2. sentire = to hear 3. andare = to go 4. in vacanza = on holiday 5. ieri sera = yesterday evening 6. vedere = to see la partita = the match 7. abitare = to live 8. venire = to come 9. pagare = to pay 10. via = away 11. la torta = the cake 12. la casa di John = John s house 13. uscire = to go out moglie = wife 15. bambino = little boy 9

10 THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE 1. Per parlare di azioni successe nel passato, ma in un periodo che continua. L informazione non è definitiva ma è vero solo finora. 2. In Gran Bretagna, quando siamo più interessati alle conseguenze attuali di un azione successa in passato, e non quando/dove ecc. è successa. (Negli Stati Uniti, però, il Past Simple è spesso usato invece del Present Perfect.) HAVE / HAS + Il PARTICIPIO PASSATO Positiva: I have written five s this week. io ho scritto... Negativa: He hasn t eaten anything today. lui non ha mangiato... Interrogativa: Have you seen the film Lincoln? avete visto... Nel Passato Prossimo italiano l ausiliario può essere avere o essere. Nel Present Perfect inglese l ausiliario è sempre avere (have o has). L uso del Present Perfect inglese non corrisponde sempre al Passato Prossimo italiano. Sia il Past Simple che il Present Perfect vengono usati per descrivere azioni successe nel passato. Ma il Past Simple si riferisce ad azioni successe in un periodo di tempo finito, mentre il Present Perfect si riferisci ad azioni successe in un periodo di tempo che continua. Periodo di tempo finito (Past Simple: ed/didn t/did?) Yesterday I smoked 3 cigarettes. Last week he didn t call me. Last month did you see any films? Last year they didn t write. Periodo di tempo che continua (Present Perfect: have/has +P.P.) Today I have smoked 3 cigarettes. This week he hasn t called me. This month have you seen any films? This year they haven t written. Il Present Perfect è usato con i seguenti avverbi di tempo: already (già usato in frasi affermative e interrogative), yet (ancora in frasi negative/già in frasi interrogative), just (appena). 10

11 ESERCIZIO Past Simple or Present Perfect? 1. a) I saw John yesterday. b) I have seen John yesterday. 2. a) Did you ever eat Indian food? b) Have you ever eaten Indian food? 3. a) Sara won 5,000 last month. b) Sara has won 5,000 last month. 4. a) I didn t read Harry Potter. b) I haven t read Harry Potter. 5. a) We got up at 6.30 today. b) We have got up at 6.30 today. 6. a) They weren t here a few minutes ago. b) They haven t been here a few minutes ago. 7. a) Barack Obama studied Law at university. b) Barack Obama has studied Law at university. 8. a) When did she call? b) When has she called? 9. a) How many Oscars did Tom Cruise win? b) How many Oscars has Tom Cruise won? 10. a) How many Oscars did Frank Sinatra win? b) How many Oscars has Frank Sinatra won? TRADUZIONE 1. Ho fatto tre esami quest anno Non ho letto il giornale oggi Non sono mai stato in America Quante volte hai visto questo film? Abbiamo studiato l inglese a scuola Non avete mai studiato questa regola Quando sei arrivato? Justin Bieber non ha mai fatto un concerto... a Bari. 9. Michael Jackson non ha mai fatto un concerto... a Bari. 10. Oh no, ho perso le mie chiave! fare un esame = to do an exam 2. leggere il giornale = to read the newspaper 4. vedere un film = to see a film 6. regola = rule 8. fare un concerto = to do a concert 10. perdere = to lose chiave = keys 11

12 COMPARATIVES AGGETTIVO ESEMPIO COMPARATIVO italiano 1 sillaba poor poorer (than...) più povero (di...) 2 sillabe + y happy happier (than...) più felice (di...) 2 sillabe o più boring interesting more boring (than...) more interesting (than...) più noioso (di...) più interessante (di...) Altre forme del comparativo: Less aggettivo than... Florence is less beautiful than Rome. As aggettivo as... Florence is as beautiful as Rome. Firenze è meno bella di Roma. Not as aggettivo as... Florence is not as beautiful as Rome. Firenze è bella quanto Roma. Firenze non è bella quanto Roma. SUPERLATIVES AGGETTIVO ESEMPIO SUPERLATIVO italiano 1 sillaba poor the poorest il più povero 2 sillaba + y happy the happiest il più felice 2 sillaba o più boring interesting the most boring the most interesting il più noioso il più interessante Altra forma del superlativo: The least aggettivo It s the least expensive. È il meno costoso.. Ci sono tre eccezioni a queste regole: AGGETTIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO good better (than...) meglio (di...) the best il migliore bad worse (than...) peggio (di...) the worst il peggiore far further (than...) più lontano (di...) the furthest il più lontano 12

13 THE FUTURE 1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Per esprimere un programma preciso per il futuro, per realizzare il quale si è già fatto qualcosa. Positiva: Negativa: Interrogativa: I m having a party on Saturday. We aren t staying in a hotel. Are you getting married in church? 2. TO BE + GOING TO + VERB - Per esprimere l intenzione di fare qualcosa. - Per esprimere una previsione che si fa sulla base di una constatazione. Positiva: Negativa: Interrogativa: I m going to get up early. She isn t going to cook this evening. Are they going to come with us? 3. WILL - Previsioni*: I don t think he will win. * particolarmente dopo i verbi to suppose (supporre), to expect (aspettarsi), to think (pensare), to believe (credere) ecc. - Offerte: I ll help you. - Promesse: I won t tell anyone. - Suggerimenti: Shall we go to the cinema? Yes! Let s go now! - Decisioni prese nel momento in cui si parla: I ll have a beer, please. Positiva Negativa Interrogativa I ll I won t Shall I? / Will I? You ll You won t Will you? He/She/It ll He/She/It won t Will he? We ll We won t Shall we? / Will we? You ll You won t Will you? They ll They won t Will they? 13

14 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. Per esprimere un'azione che è iniziato nel passato e continua nel presente, nelle frasi con FOR o SINCE e nelle domande con HOW LONG (con i verbi che possono essere coniugati nei tempi progressivi*). Esempio: How long has it been raining? Da quanto tempo sta piovendo? It has been raining for two hours. Piove da due ore. 2. Per esprimere un'azione che è appena terminata, che si è prolungata per un certo tempo e la cui conseguenza è evidente in questo momento. Esempio: I have been working very hard. I'm exhausted! Ho lavorato molto. Sono esausto! (Ho appena finito di lavorare e la conseguenza è evidente: sono esausto.) HAVE / HAS + BEEN + IL GERUNDIO ( ing)* Positiva: They have been sleeping since 9 o clock. dormono dalle 9. Negativa: We haven t been waiting for long. non aspettiamo da molto. Interrogativa: How long has he been talking? da quanto tempo sta parlando? * Tutti i verbi hanno la ing form, ma non tutti i verbi possono essere utilizzati nei tempi progressivi. I verbi che indicano uno stato di fatto, una condizione in cui ci si trova e non un'azione dinamica, non vengono utilizzati nei tempi progressivi. I principali verbi che non vengono utilizzati nei tempi progressivi (state verbs) sono: To want (volere) To like (piacere) I verbi che indicano sentimenti (to love, amare - to hate, odiare ecc ) I verbi di percezione (to hear, udire - to see, vedere ecc ) I verbi che indicano attività intellettuale (to know, sapere - to understand, capire ecc ) I verbi che indicano possesso (to have, avere - to own, possedere) FOR = da un periodo di tempo. (I ve known John for 2 days/3weeks/4 months/5 years.) SINCE = da un tempo specifico nel passato (fin ora). (I ve known John since 9 o clock/tuesday/december/2010.) 14

15 Match the questions with the answers collegare le domande con le risposte TO BE (essere/stare) 1.? My name is Ben. 2.? I m 23 years old. 3.? I m from Dublin. 4.? I m a student. 5.? No, I m not. 6.? I m fine, thanks. Are you married? How are you? How old are you? What s your job? What s your name? Where are you from? OTHER VERBS (altri verbi) 7.? London. 8.? With two friends. 9.? One brother. His name is Steven. 10.? Yes, I have. Her name is Tina. 11.? Jazz. 12.? Every evening. 13.? My mother is a housewife. My father is retired. Have you got a girlfriend? Have you got any brothers or sisters? What do your parents do? Where do you live? What music do you like? Who do you live with? How often do you watch television? 15

16 1. What your name? My name is How old you? I am Where you from? I am from Where you live? I live in Where you go to university? I go to university in you got any brothers or sisters? Yes, I have. I ve got... / No, I haven t. 7. What type of music you to? I listen to What television programs you? I watch you any musical instruments? Yes, I do. I play... / No, I don t. 10. What languages you? I speak What sports you practice? I play... / I go... / None. 12. What food you? I like Where you usually on holiday? I usually go to... / I stay at home. 14. What your hobbies? My hobby is... / My hobbies are What time you in the morning? I get up at What you for breakfast? For breakfast I have How you to university? I come to university Where you lunch? I have lunch What you in the evening? In the evening I usually What time you to bed? I usually go to bed at... 16

17 TO PAST MINUTES TO PAST HOUR It s three o clock. It s a quarter past six. It s half past ten. It s a quarter to two. It s ten past seven. It s five to four. A B Every day Ben gets up at 1). He has a shower and he gets dressed. He has 2) for breakfast and then he goes to the university by 3). He arrives at the university at 4) and his first lesson starts at 5). At 1.15 he 6) with his 7) in the 8). In the afternoon he usually 9) in the 10). At 11) he goes home. After dinner he usually 12). He goes to bed at 13). 17

18 get On Friday evenings I home at about 5.30 in the afternoon and I just. I don t usually, but my girlfriend to my house and she dinner for me. She a professional chef and she to cook. After dinner we to music or we a film on TV. On Saturday mornings I at 9.00 and I my house. In the afternoon I football. Then in the evening I sometimes to the cinema with my friends. On Sunday mornings I in bed late. I don t until 11.00! Sometimes in the afternoon I my brother. He in the country and two children. I playing with my nephew and niece. 1. Use the correct form of these verbs to complete the spaces. usare la forma giusta di questi verbi per riempire gli spazi to get to watch to come to cook to be to get up (x2) to enjoy to go out to have to play to visit to listen to live to love to relax to stay to clean to go 2. Write the questions. scrivere le domande 1. Question:? Answer: At about 5.30 in the afternoon. 2. Question:? Answer: His girlfriend. 3. Question:? Answer: His friends. 4. Question:? Answer: In the country. 5. Question:? Answer: Two. A son and a daughter. 18

19 YOU 1. Where you born? I was born in When you born? I was born on Where you live as a child? I lived in Where you live now? I live in... SCHOOL 5. Where you go to school? I went to school in How you go to school? I went to school on foot / by What type of school you go to? I went to a you like school? Yes, I... / No, I What your favorite subject? My favorite subject was... YESTERDAY 10. What time you yesterday? I got up at you to university? Yes, I... / No, I Where you lunch? I had lunch Who you lunch with? I had lunch with What you for dinner? For dinner I had What you in the evening? In the evening I What time you to bed? I went to bed at... THE BEST HOLIDAY OF YOUR LIFE 17. Where you? I went to Who you with? I went with How you get there? I went by How long you stay for? I stayed for What the weather like? It was you like the food? Yes, I... / No, I it expensive? Yes, it... / No, it... 19

20 Have you ever been to America? Yes, I have. When did you go there? I went there two years ago. Use the verbs in the box to complete the conversations. usare i verbi nel box per completare le conversazione to break to buy to drink to drive to eat to like to live to meet to sing to sleep to spend to steal 1. A: Have you ever eaten sushi? 6. A: Have you ever your arm? B: Yes, I have. B: Yes, I have. A: Did you like it? A: How did you it? B: Yes, I liked it a lot. B: I it skiing. 2. A: Have you ever a famous person? 7. A: Have you ever abroad? B: Yes, I have. Kate Moss. B: Yes, I have. A: Where did you her? A: When did you abroad? B: I her in Rome. B: I in France as a child. 3. A: Have you ever more than 5,000? 8. A: Have you ever a Ferrari? B: Yes, I have. B: Yes, I have. A: What did you buy? A: Whose Ferrari did you? B: I a car. B: I my uncle s Ferrari. 4. A: Have you ever too much tequila? 9. A: Have you ever in public? B: Yes, I have. B: Yes, I have. A: Where did you too much tequila? A: Where did you? B: I too much tequila at my sister s party. B: I in a karaoke bar. 5. A: Have you ever in a hammock*? 10. A: Have you ever anything? B: Yes, I have. B: Yes, I have. A: How did you? A: What did you? B: I very well. B: I some sweets when I was a child. 20 * hammock = amaca

21 COMPARATIVES Ben Steven Ben and Steven are brothers. 1. Ben is than Steven. (+ young) 2. Ben is than Steven. (+ handsome) 3. Ben is than Steven. (+ friendly) 4. Ben is as Steven. (= intelligent) 5. Ben is as Steven. ( elegant) SUPERLATIVES 1. River (long) 2. University (old) 3. Building (tall) 4. Religion (ancient) 5. Man (rich) 6. City (populated) 7. Film (expensive) 8. Record (successful) 9. Planet (near)

22 morning - take car to mechanic afternoon - dentist evening - dinner at Jane s morning - swimming afternoon - poker game evening - dinner with Emma morning - gym afternoon - shopping evening - cinema with Mary morning - tennis with Fiona afternoon - French lesson evening - theatre with Angela morning - golf with Anna afternoon -meet new Au Pair evening - dinner with Susan PARIS with Lisa 1. Look at Steven s agenda for the week and answer these questions. guardare l agenda di Steve per questa settimana e rispondere a queste domande 1. What is he doing on Monday morning? 2. Where is he going on Tuesday evening? 3. Who is he having dinner with on Wednesday evening? 4. When is he playing poker? 5. What language is he studying on Friday? 2. Look at these answers and write the questions. guardare queste risposte e scrivere l domande 6. Question:? Answer: At Jane s. 7. Question:? Answer: Shopping. 8. Question:? Answer: Anna. 9. Question:? Answer: The new Au Pair. 10. Question:? Answer: At the weekend. 22

23 INTENTIONS This evening Catch a bus/train 2. Cook 3. Study 4. Go out 5. Watch a film 6. Go to bed early PREDICTIONS During my lifetime Petrol 2. Female President 3. The moon 4. Cash 5. Cancer 6. Nuclear war 23

24 Complete the sentences with going to + one of these verbs: completare le frasi con going to + uno di questi verbi put shave not jump play not eat not rain buy stay 24

25 Write the information about yourself: scrivere le informazioni su di te 1. The street where you live. I live in 2. Your best friend. My best friend s name is 3. Something you are wearing. I am wearing 4. An object which is important to you. My 5. A sport you practice. I play/go 6. A bar or restaurant you often go to. I often go to 7. A newspaper or magazine you regularly read. I regularly read 8. A book you are reading at the moment. I am reading 9. Something you can do. I can 10. Something you are learning to do. I am learning to 25

26 APPENDICE PRONOUNS Pronomi SOGGETTO OGGETTO AGGETIVO PRONOME POSSESSIVO POSSESSIVO I ME MY MINE YOU YOU YOUR YOURS HE HIM HIS HIS SHE HER HER HERS IT IT ITS ITS WE US OUR OURS YOU YOU YOUR YOURS THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY gli avverbi di frequenza ALWAYS USUALLY / NORMALLY FREQUENTLY / REGULARLY OFTEN SOMETIMES OCCASIONALLY RARELY / SELDOM HARDLY EVER / ALMOST NEVER NEVER sempre di solito / normalmente frequentemente / regolarmente spesso a volte occasionalmente raramente quasi mai mai 26

27 IRREGULAR VERBS i verbi irregolari APPENDICE VERB PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE BE essere/stare was / were been BEAT battere beat beaten BECOME diventare became become BEGIN incominciare/iniziare began begun BITE mordere bit bitten BLOW soffiare blew blown BREAK rompere broke broken BRING portare brought brought BUILD costruire built built BURN bruciare burnt or burned burnt or burned BUY comprare bought bought CATCH prendere caught caught CHOOSE scegliere chose chosen COME venire came come COST costare cost cost CUT tagliare cut cut DO fare did done DRAW disegnare drew drawn DREAM sognare dreamt or dreamed dreamt or dreamed DRINK bere drank drunk DRIVE guidare drove driven EAT mangiare ate eaten FALL cadere fell fallen FEEL sentire felt felt FIGHT lottare fought fought FIND trovare found found FLY volare flew flown FORGET dimenticare forgot forgotten GET ottenere got got GIVE dare gave given GO andare went gone GROW crescere grew grown HANG appendere hung hung HAVE avere had had HEAR sentire heard heard HIDE nascondere hid hidden HIT colpire hit hit HOLD tenere in mano held held HURT ferire/fare male hurt hurt KEEP tenere kept kept KNOW sapere/conoscere knew known LEARN imparare learnt or learned learnt or learned 27

28 VERB PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE LEAVE lasciare/partire left left LEND prestare lent lent LET permettere/lasciare let let LIE stendersi/sdraiarsi lay lain LIGHT accendere/illuminare lit lit LOSE perdere lost lost MAKE fare made made MEAN significare meant meant MEET incontrare met met PAY pagare paid paid PUT mettere put put READ leggere read (pronunciato red ) read (pronunciato red ) RING telefonare/squillare rang rung RISE alzarsi/sorgere rose risen RUN correre ran run SAY dire said said SEE vedere saw seen SELL vendere sold sold SEND mandare sent sent SHINE splendere shone shone SHOOT sparare shot shot SHOW mostrare showed shown SHUT chiudere shut shut SING cantare sang sung SIT sedersi sat sat SLEEP dormire slept slept SMELL odorare smelt or smelled smelt or smelled SPEAK parlare spoke spoken SPEND spendere/passare spent spent STAND stare in piede stood stood STEAL rubare stole stolen SWIM nuotare swam swum TAKE prendere/portare took taken TEACH insegnare taught taught TEAR strappare tore torn TELL dire/raccontare told told THINK pensare thought thought THROW gettare threw thrown UNDERSTAND capire understood understood WAKE svegliarsi woke woken WEAR indossare wore worn WIN vincere won won WRITE scrivere wrote written 28

29 MODAL VERBS I verbi modali APPENDICE I verbi modali esprimono il modo in cui il soggetto si pone nei confronti dell azione che compie. I verbi modali in inglese sono: CAN, MUST, MAY, WILL, SHALL, WOULD, SHOULD, OUGHT Tutti i verbi modali si comportano da verbi ausiliari, cioè seguono il modello del verbo to be per quanto riguarda la costruzione interrogativa e negativa, l uso di forme contratte e le risposte brevi. Nella forma negativa sono seguiti da not. Nella forma interrogativa precedono il soggetto. Il verbo che segue un verbo modale va nella Forma Base (l infinito senza to) tranne ought. Alla terza persona singolare del Present Simple non prendono la s. Positiva: I can swim. He can drive. Negativa: I can t swim. He can t drive. Interrogativa: Can you swim? Can he drive? SITI UTILI englishgratis.com english-grammar-lessons.com englishpage.com bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/listen-and-watch spiegazioni in italiano della grammatica inglese. spiegazione della grammatica inglese con relativi esercizi. spiegazione della grammatica inglese con relativi esercizi. notizia con spiegazione dei vocaboli usati. video e podcast per studenti di inglese. guardian.co.uk independent.co.uk italianinsider.it thelocal.it giornale inglese giornale inglese giornale italiano in lingua inglese giornale italiano in lingua inglese YouTube lezioni video di lingua inglese youtube.com/user/hamiltonhouseelt youtube.com/user/languageplanettoluca youtube.com/user/realenglish1 youtube.com/bbclearningenglish youtube.com/user/britishcouncille 29 youtube.com/user/freeenglishlessons youtube.com/user/englishlessons4u youtube.com/user/duncaninchina youtube.com/user/minooanglolink youtube.com/user/jenniferesl