5 Scegli l alternativa corretta.

Transcript

1 step 1 To be: present simple Il verbo to be si usa per descrivere la nazionalità, l età, l aspetto ecc. Nelle risposte brevi non si usano le forme contratte ( m, re, s, ecc.). 1 Riscrivi le frasi usando la forma contratta. They are my CDs. 40 STEP 1 They re my CDs. 1 I am from Cambridge Kelly is an Irish name We are not all from Canada He is not 17, he is I am not your teacher Riscrivi le frasi alla forma negativa. London is a Scottish city. London isn t a Scottish city. 1 You are from Germany He s Australian They are all students Tom s We re in New York.... Have got: present simple Il verbo have got si usa per esprimere possesso. Nelle risposte brevi non si ripete got. La risposta breve affermativa non può mai essere contratta. 3 Completa le frasi con la forma affermativa di have got. 1 Janina... long fair hair. 2 My cousins... six cats. 3 I... brown eyes. 4 His uncle... glasses. 5 We... English friends. 4 Abbina domande e risposte. 1 Has your father got a beard? 2 Have your sisters got long hair? 3 Have you got a brother? 4 Has your sister got dark hair? a b c d e No, I haven t. Yes, she has. No, they haven t. Yes, he has. Anna has, but Sophie hasn t. 5 Have your uncles got glasses? Possessive s Il genitivo sassone ( s) si usa per esprimere possesso, ma solo quando il possessore è un essere animato (persona o animale) e non una cosa. Quando un sostantivo plurale finisce per -s, si aggiunge solo l apostrofo ( ) al termine della parola. Quando ci sono più possessori, si aggiunge s solo all ultimo. 5 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 My cat s/cats names are Sugar and Spice. 2 Cathy is Owens/Owen s second wife. 3 My parents/parents hair is dark. 4 Their aunt s/aunts s number is in the book. 5 Jakes/Jake s eyes are dark blue. Possessive adjectives Gli aggettivi possessivi si usano per esprimere possesso o relazione e precedono sempre i sostantivi a cui si riferiscono. Non sono mai preceduti dall articolo determinativo (the), sono invariabili nel genere e nel numero e concordano con il possessore, non con la persona o cosa posseduta. 6 Completa le frasi con gli aggettivi possessivi. 1 We re students from Poland and... teacher is English. 2 She s from Ireland and... name s Bernie. 3 They re 17 and... friends are 17, too. 4 Nice to meet you.... name s Cilla. 5 The school s good.... name is Summerfield. 6 Welcome to the class Adam,... chair is here. Demonstrative pronouns I dimostrativi in inglese sono invariabili per genere e numero e possono essere sia aggettivi che pronomi. 7 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 This/These isn t your desk. 2 Those/That pen is my father s. 3 Listen to this/these music. 4 That/Those books are the teacher s. TAGLIO STEP 1 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 40 25/06/12 15:22

2 step 2 There is/there are There is (c è) si usa con i sostantivi singolari. There are (ci sono) si usa con i sostantivi plurali. There are (forma affermativa) non è mai contratto. 1 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 There is/there are twenty windows in this house. 2 Is there/are there a TV in your kitchen? Yes, there is/ there are. 3 Is there/are there one window in the room? 4 There s/there are twenty tables in the cafeteria. 5 There isn t/there aren t a swimming pool in our town. 6 Is there/are there three girls in your football team? No, there isn t/there aren t. 2 Abbina le frasi. 1 There are three computers here. 2 There are four boys in the garden. 3 There s an armchair in the room. 4 There is a good restaurant in town. 5 There isn t a clock in my bedroom. 6 There s a genius in our class. a It s good, but it s expensive. Maths is easy for her. I don t know the time. Is there a sofa too? They all have Windows XP. They are my cousins. 3 Completa le frasi con la forma corretta di there is(n t) o there are(n t) a fast-food restaurant in our town a sports centre here, but the swimming pool s great three cinemas in the centre. 4 We prefer parks where... big, unfriendly dogs twelve boys and ten girls in our class. 6 The apartment hasn t got a kitchen, but... a microwave in the living room. b c d e f Plurals Il plurale dei sostantivi si forma aggiungendo una -s. Ci sono però alcune irregolarità. I sostantivi che terminano per: -s, -x, -z, -sh, -ch, -o aggiungono -es -o di origine straniera aggiungono -s (radio/radios, photo/photos) -y preceduta da una consonante trasformano la -y in -i e aggiungono -es -f/-fe si trasformano in ves (leaf/leaves). 4 Scrivi il plurale dei seguenti sostantivi. 1 school... 2 half... 3 woman... 4 fish... 5 class... 6 friend... 7 domino... 8 person... 9 garden shelf sofa chair man mouse photo... Prepositions of place Le preposizioni di stato in luogo seguono sempre un verbo di stato (to be, to live ecc.). Non possono mai essere utilizzate con verbi di moto (to go, to fly ecc.). 5 Correggi le frasi in cui la preposizione è sbagliata. 1 The teacups are in the shelf above the sink. 2 The teacher usually stands behind the class. 3 My dog sleeps above her bed. 4 There s a light on the wall above my bed. 5 The bus stops under the cinema. 6 Dad sits near the TV when he hasn t got his glasses. STEP 2 41 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 41 25/06/12 15:22

3 step 3 Present simple: affirmative and negative form Il present simple si usa per: affermazioni di carattere generale e dati di fatto; parlare di azioni abituali; esprimere preferenze e avversioni. 1 Completa le frasi con il present simple dei verbi tra parentesi. 1 We... (start) school at quarter to nine. 2 She... (take) her chair to the kitchen. 3 He... (answer) all the questions. 4 They... (finish) their homework before dinner. 5 I... (clean) the board for the teacher. 6 Mrs Brown... (ask) difficult questions. 7 You... (have) a break after lesson two. 8 My cat... (sit) on my homework. 9 We all... (stand) up for the head teacher! 2 Riscrivi le frasi alla forma negativa. She likes coffee for breakfast. She doesn t like coffee for breakfast. 1 I do my homework at school They go to bed in the afternoon He watches television before school The teacher asks us difficult questions We have lunch in the cafeteria.... Present simple: yes / no questions and short answers Ricorda che nelle risposte brevi si usa solo il soggetto seguito dall ausiliare do/does o don t/doesn t e non si ripete il verbo principale. 3 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 Do you read/does you read books about computers? 2 Yes, I does/do. 3 Do/Does they live in Norway? 4 No, they don t/doesn t. 4 Scrivi le domande per queste risposte. Does she like rap music? No, she doesn t. She likes rock music. 1...? No, he doesn t. He has lunch at home. 2...? No, she doesn t. She plays hockey on Wednesdays. 3...? No, they don t. They study French. 4...? No, she doesn t. She lives in London. 5 Completa le domande e scrivi le risposte brevi vere per te. Aggiungi anche una frase, come nell esempio you like learning languages? Yes, I do. English is my favourite subject your father speak Japanese? your teacher play the guitar? you and your friends go out at the weekend? your country have a colourful flag?... Prepositions of time Ricorda che le espressioni di tempo si collocano all inizio o alla fine delle frasi. 6 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 My birthday is on/in August. 2 She goes to bed at/on half past ten. 3 He plays football at/on Wednesday and Saturday. 4 My sister s always tired in/at the morning. 5 I watch television at/in the weekend. 6 The dog sleeps under the table at/in night. 7 Schools starts on/in 8 th September. 7 Completa le frasi con in, on o at. 1 Jason does his homework... the evening Sunday we don t go to school. 3 It s very hot here... summer August people go on holiday. 5 Don t go out... night! 42 STEP 3 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 42 25/06/12 15:22

4 step 4 Wh- questions Le Question words vanno sempre all inizio di una frase interrogativa, prima del verbo. Which si riferisce sempre a una scelta tra più opzioni conosciute. A why (perché) si risponde con because. 1 Completa le domande con la question word corretta is Mr Ellis? He s my English teacher is an opossum? It s a small Australian animal are you happy? Because it s my birthday today! is Wellington? It s in New Zealand is our exam? It s on Monday notebook is this? It s Richard s. 3 Abbina domande e risposte. 1 Whose dog is this? a 2 Is that book your b brother s? c 3 Whose are those d pencils? e 4 Is this Pam s T-shirt? f 5 Are those Laura s g books? h 6 Is this our car? 7 Is this your computer? 8 Are these bags ours? No, it s not mine. yes, they re yours. yes, it s his. It s ours. They re mine! No, it s not hers. Yes, they re hers. No, it s not ours Adverbs of frequency Gli adverbs of frequency rispondono alla domanda How often...? (Quanto spesso/con quale frequenza...?). Vanno fra il soggetto e il verbo principale, ma seguono il verbo to be. Never e hardly ever vogliono il verbo alla forma affermativa. 2 Abbina domande e risposte. 1 Why have fish got no a hair? b 2 What is your sister s c name? d 3 When is the concert? e 4 Who is Jerry? f 5 Whose car is that? g 6 Where is Sam? h 7 How old are you? 8 Where is she from? Possessive pronouns Tomorrow. It s Mr Edward s. Scotland. He s my cousin. I m fifteen. He s at school. Mary. Because they live in the water! I pronomi possessivi si usano per sostituire sostantivi già menzionati. Come gli aggettivi possessivi, non prendono mai l articolo e si accordano con il possessore, non la cosa posseduta. 4 Riscrivi le frasi con l avverbio di frequenza nella posizione corretta. 1 My father phones my grandmother on Saturdays. (always) 2 We have fish for breakfast. (hardly ever) 3 Lucy watches television with her brother. (usually) 4 We are late for school. (never) 5 I go to the Internet café after school. (sometimes) 6 They finish their homework on the bus. (often) 7 Do you have lunch at the office? (always) 8 Does Peter travel to China? (often) STEP 4 43 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 43 25/06/12 15:22

5 step 5 Comparatives Si usa il comparativo per mettere a confronto qualità e caratteristiche presenti in due persone, animali o cose. La preposizione than introduce il secondo termine di paragone. 1 Scrivi il comparativo dei seguenti aggettivi. 1 sad slow... 2 pretty kind... 3 easy fat... 4 fast lazy... 5 happy big... 6 hot angry... 7 friendly funny... 8 old quiet... 9 loud thin high tall... 2 Completa le frasi con il comparativo di alcuni degli aggettivi dell esercizio 1. 1 Henry hardly ever helps at home, but his brother is.... He does nothing! 2 The exam isn t difficult. It s... than the last one that was hard! 3 You have to spend more money if you want a... ice cream. 4 A motorbike is... than a bike. 5 The Pyramids are... than the Houses of Parliament. 6 A plane usually flies... than a helicopter. 3 Completa le frasi con il comparativo dei seguenti aggettivi. kind boring interested loud serious friendly worried clever 1 Boys are usually... in wrestling than girls. 2 Tom is... than me in Maths. I usually get terrible marks. 3 Miss Griffin was always... to dogs than children. In fact, she hated people. 4 Mr Lewis is... than all the other clerks in the office. He never smiles. 5 She s... about her birthday party than her exams! 6 This film is... than Highlander II! Can you change channel, please? 7 Speak... : I can t hear you. 8 Sally is...her sister: she s got lots of friends. Superlatives Si usa il superlativo per mettere a confronto qualità e caratteristiche presenti in tre o più persone, animali o cose. Il superlativo viene preceduto dall articolo determinativo (the), tranne quando è accompagnato da un aggettivo possessivo. Il superlativo è spesso seguito da in (se ci si riferisce ad un luogo) oppure of (se ci riferisce a un gruppo). 4 Completa le frasi con il superlativo degli aggettivi tra parentesi. 1 The new apartment block is... (tall) building in our town. 2 What s... (important) subject on the timetable? 3 Who s... (old) person in your class? 4 February is usually... (cold) month of the year. 5 I think poverty is... (serious) social problem today. 6 She says Japanese is... (difficult) language to learn. 5 Completa le frasi con il comparativo o il superlativo dei seguenti aggettivi. cold expensive high big long 1 Is London... than Sheffield? Yes, it s... city in England. 2 The Nile is... than the Rhine. It s... river in the world. 3 Mount Everest is... mountain in the world. It s... than Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa. 4 The Bugatti Veyron is probably... car you can buy. It s... than a Ferrari. 44 STEP 5 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 44 25/06/12 15:22

6 step 6 Can/can t Il verbo modale can si usa per esprimere abilità (il saper fare qualcosa) o per esprimere una possibilità. Resta invariato per tutte le persone ed è seguito dalla forma base del verbo senza to. È un ausiliare e quindi non costruisce le forme negative e interrogative con do o does. Nelle frasi negative si può usare anche cannot, ma can t è più diffuso. 1 Riordina le parole per formare frasi. 1 climb / PE / can / our / mountains / teacher 2 you / I / sorry / can t / I m / hear / but 3 really/all/can/well/ski/we 4 get/early/brother/can t/up/my 5 Chinese/speak/you/can/? 6 the/she/swim/under/can/water 2 Completa le frasi con can o can t. 1 Joe... play the guitar, but he plays the piano. 2 He... sleep at night because he suffers from insomnia. 3 Suzie... cook very well. She s an excellent chef babies talk? No, they...! 5 That dog... run fast. It s old and fat you swim? Yes, I.... Must/mustn t, Have to/don t have to Must ha due significati: alla forma affermativa equivale a have to: esprime l obbligo, il dovere o la necessità di fare qualcosa; alla forma negativa si usa invece per esprimere proibizione. Il verbo have to/has to, don t have to/doesn t have to si usa per indicare l obbligo, il dovere o la necessità di fare o non fare qualcosa. Equivale quindi al verbo italiano dovere. 3 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 You mustn t/don t have to drive fast. It s dangerous. 2 We mustn t/don t have to wear a suit and tie: it s not a formal dinner. 3 They mustn t/don t have to make a noise, because the baby is sleeping. 4 It s Sunday tomorrow: you mustn t/don t have to wake up early. 5 Dad mustn t/doesn t have to cook: we are ordering a take-away. 6 There are buses and fast trains for the airport, so passengers mustn t / don t have to take a taxi. 7 You mustn t / don t have to sit on this box: it s very fragile. Adverbs of manner Gli adverbs of manner (avverbi di modo), si usano per descrivere il modo in cui si compie un azione. A differenza dell italiano, vengono di solito dopo il verbo e il complemento oggetto. 4 Scrivi la forma avverbiale di questi aggettivi. 1 calm... 2 careful... 3 early... 4 fast... 5 good... 6 hard... 7 late... 8 slow... 5 Completa le frasi usando gli avverbi dell esercizio 4. 1 Be quick! The teacher isn t happy when you re... for school. 2 The shop usually closes at five, but on Friday it closes... at three o clock. 3 Listen... when the teacher tells you about the homework. 4 The old man is walking... because he s tired. 5 Don t panic! Tell me... what s wrong. 6 She writes... so she always finishes first. 7 You re working very.... Why don t you take a break? 8 Our teacher speaks English.... His wife comes from Canada. STEP 6 45 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 45 25/06/12 15:22

7 step 7 Countable and uncountable nouns I sostantivi numerabili (countable) indicano cose che si possono contare e hanno sia la forma singolare che quella plurale. Possono essere preceduti da the, a/an o some/any. I sostantivi non numerabili (uncountable) indicano cose che non si possono contare, quindi hanno solo la forma singolare. Possono essere preceduti da the e some/any. 1 Riscrivi le seguenti parole nelle colonne 1 e 2. Poi indica ( ) se sono numerabili o non numerabili. banana bread butter coffee chip egg fish ham ice cream lemonade meat milk milkshake orange juice rice salad salt strawberry sugar tea tomato water food (1) drink (2) countable uncountable 3 Completa le frasi con some, any, a o an. 1 Pass me... lemon, please. 2 We re getting... apples from the tree. 3 Don t give the dog... cheese. 4 They say eating... apple every day is good for you. 5 There s... cheese on the table. 6 Have we got... tomatoes for the salad? A lot of, much, many Si usa a lot of con i sostantivi numerabili e non numerabili alla forma affermativa. Si usa much con i sostantivi non numerabili alla forma negativa e interrogativa. Si usa many con i sostantivi numerabili alla forma negativa e interrogativa. Quando a lot of si trova da solo in frasi in cui il sostantivo è sottinteso si omette of. Some, any, a/an Si usa a/an per indicare persone o cose non precisate. Può essere utilizzato solo con sostantivi numerabili al singolare. Quando si vogliono invece indicare sostantivi plurali oppure non numerabili senza specificarne il numero o la quantità si utilizzano gli indefiniti some e any (del/della, dei/delle, alcune/i, qualche, un po di). In certi casi nelle frasi negative not any può essere sostituito da no, nel qual caso il verbo va alla forma affermativa. 4 Scegli l alternativa corretta. In alcuni casi entrambe le alternative sono valide. 1 I ve got a lot of/much tomatoes on my plate. 2 There aren t many/a lot of biscuits in the dog s bowl. 3 How much/many eggs do you want? 4 Many/A lot of people just have fruit for breakfast. 5 There isn t much/many time to eat. 6 How much/many fat do you use to roast beef? 5 Completa le frasi con much o many. 1 The boy doesn t eat... fruit. 2 There aren t... cups on the shelf. 3 How... bread have we got? 4 Does the chef cook... nice dishes? 5 How... plates are on the table? 6 There isn t... water in the pot. 2 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 They are having some/a/any cup of tea in the garden. 2 There is some/a/any salt on the shelf above the cooker. 3 I never drink some/a/any beer. 4 There is some/a/any rice on the floor. 5 That shop doesn t sell some/a/any vegetables. 6 The cat is eating some/a/any meat. 7 There aren t some/a/any meat dishes on the menu because this is a vegetarian restaurant. 8 I usually just have some/a/any cheese sandwich for lunch. 46 STEP 7 6 Completa le frasi con a lot of o a lot. 1 I don t like... gravy on my plate. 2 There are some strawberries in the fridge, but not Is there any meat in that sauce? Yes, there is British people drink tea with milk. 5 Eat... breakfast, we don t have time for lunch. 6 There isn t much sugar, but I don t need.... gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 46 25/06/12 15:22

8 step 8 Past simple: to be Il past simple si usa per parlare di fatti o azioni che sono iniziati e terminati nel passato. Può corrispondere al passato prossimo, all imperfetto o al passato remoto in italiano. In inglese si usa il passato del verbo to be per parlare di quando o dove si è nati. Spesso nelle frasi al past simple si trovano espressioni di tempo all inizio o alla fine delle frasi che specificano che il fatto descritto si è svolto e si è concluso nel passato: yesterday (morning/afternoon/evening), the day before yesterday, last (night/week...), two... (days/weeks/ months/years...) ago. 1 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 Josh and his mother was/were on holiday in the United States. 2 There wasn t/weren t many seats free on the train. 3 We was/were very interested in the boat trip to Niagara Falls. 4 Was/Were you in New York for the marathon? 5 Was/Were Billy Butlin English? Yes, he was/were. 6 These holidays wasn t/weren t only for the rich. 3 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 We could/couldn t stay in the hotel because it was too expensive. 2 In 1850, you could/couldn t fly from Europe to Australia. 3 We couldn t buy/to buy our tickets online. 4 The camp was for men only, so the girls could/couldn t go. 5 Could they use/to use helicopters in 1960? 4 Scrivi quattro frasi che siano vere per te e la tua famiglia. 1 When I was ten, I could..., but I couldn t When I was twelve, I..., but I When my parents were twenty, they..., but they... 4 When my grandmother/father was forty, she/he..., but she/he.... Past simple of regular and irregular verbs Ricorda che il past simple si usa per parlare di fatti o azioni che sono iniziati e terminati nel passato, e può corrispondere al passato prossimo, all imperfetto o al passato remoto in italiano. 2 Completa le frasi con il past simple di to be alla forma corretta. 1 The scooter... in the garage, behind the van. 2 There... any snow in the mountains last year. 3 Our passports... in my bag, but on the table in our hotel room! 4 How old... you in 2002? 5 Charles Dickens... a great English writer. 6 When... your sister born? Past simple: can Il verbo modale can si usa per esprimere abilità e possibilità. La sua forma al past simple è could, che resta invariata per tutte le persone e si traduce in italiano con l imperfetto del verbo sapere. Come can, could è seguito dalla forma base del verbo, senza to. 5 Coniuga i verbi tra parentesi al past simple. 1 Last year my friend and I... (go) to Turkey with her mum. 2 Yesterday afternoon my sister... (make) a chocolate cake. 3 They... (speak) to her parents last night. Two months ago they... (buy) a new car. 4 Last night we... (see) a French film called Amélie. 5 Last week my brothers... (have) a party in the garden. 6 My Swiss uncle... (come) to visit us last month. 7 He... (look) in his pockets, but he couldn t find his wallet. 8 Yesterday afternoon I (have) a lot of homework. 9 Last week my friends and I (swim) in the sea. 10 My brother (study) German last year. STEP 8 47 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 47 25/06/12 15:22

9 step 9 Present continuous and present continous with future meaning Il present continuous si usa per descrivere: azioni che stanno avvenendo nel momento in cui si parla; una situazione transitoria. Il present continuous si usa spesso per il futuro quando si sta parlando di programmi o eventi già fissati. In italiano di solito si traduce con il presente indicativo. Le espressioni temporali in una frase con il present continuous possono aiutare a capire se questa si riferisce al presente o al futuro. 1 Completa le frasi con la forma corretta del present continuous dei verbi tra parentesi. 1 They... (watch) TV in the living room. 2 He... (swim) in his friend s pool. 3 She... (not listen) to the teacher. 4 We... (learn) a foreign language. 5 The baby... (sleep) upstairs. 6 I... (not sit) outside at the moment. 2 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 My friends always play/are playing in the park at the weekend. 2 Lucy sleeps/is sleeping in her room at the moment. 3 On Sundays I usually get up/am getting up at 10 am. 4 We hardly ever read/are reading books in the evening. 5 The girls cook/are cooking dinner now. 3 Completa le frasi con il present continuous dei verbi tra parentesi (alla forma affermativa o negativa). Poi sottolinea le frasi che si riferiscono al futuro. 1 Next week the children... (visit) a zoo with their class. 2 Look! The two scorpions... (fight)! 3 Mum is at home, because she... (not work) today. 4 It s rainy, so we... (not go) to the beach this afternoon you... (see) the dentist at five? 6 He... (not sleep) at the moment: he s in front of the TV. Be going to Si usa be going to per esprimere intenzioni o piani futuri. Si traduce con il futuro semplice in italiano. Be going to si trova spesso accompagnato da espressioni temporali che si riferiscono al futuro, che si trovano all inizio o alla fine della frase. 4 Scegli l alternativa corretta. 1 I am going watch/to watch a film about bears in Canada. 2 They is/are going to take the train to Vancouver. 3 He is not go/going to build his house in the forest. 4 Our friends are going to climb/climbing that mountain tomorrow. 5 She is/isn t not going to swim with the alligators. 6 My son is going to cycled/cycle to Africa this summer. 7 We usually go out for dinner on Friday, but this evening I make/ m making pizza! 8 Anne is going shopping/to shop with her friends this weekend. 5 Completa le frasi con be going to e i seguenti verbi. not snow climb up buy tell not work go wear not like sting attack 1 Be careful or the jellyfish... you! 2 It..., because the weather is very warm. 3 The monkeys... those trees you... a new computer? 5 Mr Brown... tomorrow. It s Sunday. 6 The eagle... the snake your cousins... on foot? 8 She... the rainy climate of Scotland the teacher... us the results from our tests? 10 It s an informal dinner, so I... a suit and tie. 48 STEP 9 gateway_starter_p.01_48.indd 48 25/06/12 15:22