Febbraio 2009 FLEXICURITY. Pasquale Tridico Facoltà di Economia, Roma tre.

Transcript

1 Febbraio 2009 FLEXICURITY Pasquale Tridico Facoltà di Economia, Roma tre

2 Il modello Flexicurity Danese Il mercato del lavoro danese è flessibile quanto quello Britannico, Allo stesso tempo esso offre ai lavoratori lo stesso livello di sicurezza di quello svedese. Le caratteristiche del mercato del lavoro danese sono state confermate da diversi studi internazionali negli ultimi anni. In Danimarca si trova flessibilità accoppiata a sicurezza Flexicurity. Sarà questo il modello sociale di UE?

3 Indice di flessibilità

4 Definizione di Flexicurity Flexicurity è un limite alla flessibilità e contemporaneamente alla sicurezza F. denotes labour markets or forms of labour market regulation which at the same time manage to demonstrate or provide flexibility and security. Continuamente usato dagli anni 90, e soprattutto dal libro bianco di Delor (1993) su employment

5 Forme di flessibilità Flessibilità interna (flessibilità di assumere e licenziare) Flessibilità esterna (ore lavorate, staordinario, part-time, ecc.) Flessibilità funzionale (multi-occupabilità, organizzazione flessibile del lavoro) Flessibilità del salario (basata sui risultati)

6 Forme di sicurezza sicurezza del lavoro certezza di mantenere un certo lavoro con un azienda, sicurezza di occupabilità, certezza di continuare ad avere un lavoro non necessariamente con la stessa azienda sicurezza di reddito protezioni salariali in caso di perdita del lavoro, sicurezza sociale,

7 Lisbon Strategy for growth and jobs The Eu social model follows the flexicurity model COM(2007) 803Commission report to the European Council_flexicurity.pdf

8 Guidelines of the Eu social model flexicuritypublication_2007_en.pdf A. Flexible contractual arrangements employment protection B. Comprehensive lifelong learning strategies Education and training C. Effective active labour market policies Expenditure on labour market policies as a percentage of GDP. Number of participants in active labour market policies Share of unemployed not having been offered a job or an activation measure within 6 or 12 months respectively D. Modern social security systems E. Labour market outcomes Employment rate, total, for women, and for older workers Youth unemployment ratio (15-24 years) Long-term unemployment rate Growth in labour productivity At-risk-of-poverty rates

9 Esempi di flexicurity models in Eu 1. The Austrian severance pay system. Austria combines rather high labour market fl exibility with an average level of social benefi ts, accompanied by effective active labour market policies and strong reliance on social partnership.

10 Danimarca 2. The Danish Golden Triangle. The Danish labour market shows a successful combination of flexibility and security, offering flexible labour laws and relatively low job protection, extensive efforts on lifelong learning and active labour market policies, and a generous social security system.

11 Olanda Temporary work in the Netherlands. The Dutch Wassenaar Agreement (1982) traded wage moderation for employment, and paved the way for the development of part-time jobs in the context of collective agreements.

12 Spagna Fixed-term contract reduction in Spain. Spain experiences a persistently high share of fi xedterm contracts, covering about 34% of total employment. Any worker having signed two or more fixed-term contracts with the same company, and having served in the same post for more than 24 months within a period of 30 months, automatically acquires an open-ended contract.

13 Irlanda The Towards 2016 Social Partner agreement in Ireland. The Irish economy and labour market have gone through a period of rapid change in recent years. Ireland has been transformed from a low-income, slow-growth economy with high unemployment rates into a country with high growth, high income and low unemployment. Ireland has a fl exible labour market and is strengthening its investment in active labour market policies (0.75% of GDP as compared with the EU average of 0.5%).

14 8 Principi comuni di flexicurity in Eu 1. Flexicurity involves flexible and reliable contractual arrangements 2. Flexicurity implies a balance between rights and responsibilities for employers, workers, jobseekers and public authorities 3. Flexicurity should be adapted to the specific circumstances. Flexicurity is not about one single labour market model or a single policy strategy. 4. Flexicurity should reduce the divide between insiders and outsiders on the labour market. 5. Internal and external flexicurity should be promoted. 6. Flexicurity should support gender equality 7. Flexicurity requires a climate of trust and dialogue between public authorities and social Partners 8. Flexicurity policies have budgetary costs and should be pursued also with a view to contribute to sound and financially sustainable budgetary policies.