Margherita Cumino Philippa Bowen. Business Globe. Commerce, Economy and Culture. Student s book

Transcript

1 BusinessGlobe_SB_2012_Layout 1 24/11/ Pagina 1 PLUS Il libro Business Globe è un corso di inglese commerciale rivolto agli studenti dei nuovi Istituti Tecnici e Professionali. Si compone di Student s Book, Workbook, Extension e Digital Book. Offline Digital Book per LIM, PC/Mac e Linux audio integrato e video dizionario bilingue tavole di fonetica attività supplementari Online espansioni della sezione di civiltà file audio in formato MP3 scaricabili dal sito I componenti del corso Volume + Workbook + Extension + Digital Book ISBN Teacher's Book 2 CD Audio + DVD video + Digital Book (versione ampliata per il docente) ISBN ISBN Business Globe Digital Edition Plus Student s Book + Workbook + Extension + Digital Book (4 elementi indivisibili) Prezzo di vendita al pubblico 33,80 (defiscalizzato 32,50) en w Bo BE US 1 L P. - GLO P 67 N 6 o in SS TIO 4-1 um NE DI 49 I. C SI E 8- N M U AL -8 TRI B IT 78 IG 9 PE BN IS D ISBN Questo volume, sprovvisto del talloncino a lato, è da considerarsi copia di SAGGIO-CAMPIONE GRATUITO, fuori commercio (vendita e altri atti di disposizione vietati: art. 17, c. 2, L. 633/1941). Fuori campo applicazione I.V.A. (D.P.R. 26/10/72, n. 633, art. 2, 3 c., lett. d.) Business Globe Student s Book Caratteristiche del corso: approccio semplice e graduale ai grandi temi del mondo del business attenzione al lessico specialistico approccio mirato alla corrispondenza commerciale a alla comunicazione aziendale ricca e motivante sezione di civiltà che propone il confronto fra le realtà dei vari paesi anglofoni preparazione mirata all Esame di Stato: sezione dedicata nello Student s Book nuovo fascicolo (Extension) contenente materiale specifico per la preparazione alle prove scritte, temi interdisciplinari e CLIL per il colloquio Margherita Cumino Philippa Bowen Business Globe DIGITAL EDITION DIGITAL EDITION PLUS DIGITAL EDITION PLUS Margherita Cumino Philippa Bowen Business Globe Commerce, Economy and Culture Student s Book n n n Extension Digital Book Workbook book

2

3 Margherita Cumino Philippa Bowen Business Globe Commerce, Economy and Culture Student s book

4 internet: Coordinamento editoriale: Anna Moretta Le Autrici ringraziano le Professoresse A. Allegrini e R. Bertacchini per gli utili suggerimenti. Proprietà letteraria riservata 2012 De Agostini Scuola SpA Novara 1ª edizione: gennaio 2012 Printed in Italy Le fotografie di copertina sono state fornite da: Javier Larrea/Marka Le fotografie di questo volume sono state fornite da: DeA Picture Library; Latin Stock/Corbis; S. Chenn/Corbis; T. Grill/Corbis; B. Krist/Corbis; Bettmann/Corbis; K. Scarbinsky/Riser/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; K. J. Black/Corbis; M. Rosenfeld/Stone/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; K. Dodge/Corbis; R. Bryant/Arcaid/Corbis; G. Oliva; Olympia/Olycom; S. Prezant/Corbis; B. Varie/Corbis; Fisher/Thatcher/Stone/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; J.L. Pelaez/Corbis; A. Sacks/Stone/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; C. Devan/Zefa/Corbis; H. King/Corbis; P.J. Corwin/Corbis; L. Williams/Corbis; A. Rain/Epa/Corbis; Reuters/Contrasto; C. Savage/Corbis; Emely/Zefa/Corbis; R. Cummins/Corbis; E. Kashi/Corbis; European Community; M. Kulka/Zefa/Corbis; K. Hatt/Photonica/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; R. -F. Hestoft/Corbis; M.A. Keller/Zefa/Corbis; G. Marks/Hulton Archive/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; G. Baden/Zefa/Corbis; B. Wassman/Corbis; N. Huettermann/Zefa/Corbis; Newmann/Zefa/Corbis; J. Craigmyle/Corbis; P. Souders/Corbis; S. Oskar/Zefa/Corbis; DeA Picture Library/G. Sosio; J.-F. Bourke/Taxi/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; P. Libera/Corbis; W. Taufic/Corbis; Pitchal Frederic/Corbis Sygma; J. Westrich/Zefa/Corbis; Vismedia; N. Leslie/Photonica/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; P.M. Fisher/Corbis; J. Craigmyle/Corbis; Rex Features/Olympia/Olycom; S. Sinclair/Corbis; R. Wallis/Corbis; K. Steele/Photographer s Choice/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; E. Eckstein/Corbis; K. News&Picture/Corbis Sygma; A. Bianchi/Reuters/Contrasto; P.Ward/Corbis; J. Langevin/Corbis Sygma; Deepak Buddhiraja/India Picture/Corbis; M. Rutz/Taxi/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; J. Hawkes/Corbis; Taxi/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; R. Gomez/Corbis; M. Prince/Corbis; UN Photo; P. Thompson/Corbis; E.P. O Brien/Taxi/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; Wildcountry/Corbis; Skyscan/Corbis; R. Klune/Corbis; G. Hellier/Robert Harding World Imagery/Corbis; Museum of Flight/Corbis; A. Cooper/Corbis; G. Mendel/Corbis; P. Dench/Corbis; K. Straiton/Corbis; Charles&Josette Lenars/Corbis; S. Vidler/Eurasia Press/Corbis; Construction Photography/Corbis; S. Marcus/Corbis; D. Allan/Taxi/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; S. Touhig/Corbis; DeA Picture Library/Topham; D. Vintiner/Zefa/Corbis; Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; M. Polak/Sygma/Corbis; D. Hudson/Sygma/Corbis; J. Lacey/Corbis; Ch. Gullung/Zefa/Corbis; C. Garratt/Corbis; M. Bolton/Corbis; R. Baker/Corbis; Pool/Tim Graham Picture Library/Corbis; C. McPherson/Corbis; J. Jones/Sygma/Corbis; J. Sohm,Vision of America/Corbis; B. Barbier/Robert Harding World Imagery/Corbis; Toyohiro Yamada/Taxi/Getty Images/Corbis; D. Peebles/Corbis; M. Theiss/Ultimate Chase/Corbis; J. Reed/Corbis; Ch. Hondros/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; R. Sulgan/Corbis; S. Bianchetti/Corbis; D. Woodfall/Stone/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; G. Smith/Corbis; S.J. Ferrell/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; C. Tuttle/Corbis; J.L. Amos/Corbis; E. Young/Corbis; D. Scott/Taxi/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; P. Robert/Sygma/Corbis; Ch. O Rear/Corbis; F.-M. Frei/Corbis; D.G. Houser/Corbis; A. Edwards/Image Bank/Getty Images/L. Ronchi; A. Woolfitt/Corbis L editore ha controllato fino alla fase di prestampa del corso che i siti internet citati avessero contenuti compatibili con le finalità educative del testo. L Editore dichiara la propria disponibilità a regolarizzare eventuali omissioni o errori di attribuzione. Nel rispetto del DL 74/92 sulla trasparenza nella pubblicità, le immagini escludono ogni e qualsiasi possibile intenzione o effetto promozionale verso i lettori. Tutti i diritti riservati. Nessuna parte del materiale protetto da questo copyright potrà essere riprodotta in alcuna forma senza l autorizzazione scritta dell Editore. Fotocopie per uso personale del lettore possono essere effettuate nei limiti del 15% di ciascun volume/fascicolo di periodico dietro pagamento alla SIAE del compenso previsto dall art. 68, comma 4, della legge 22 aprile 1941 n.633. Le riproduzioni ad uso differente da quello personale potranno avvenire, per un numero di pagine non superiore al 15% del presente volume/fascicolo, solo a seguito di specifica autorizzazione rilasciata da AIDRO Corso di Porta Romana, Milano segreteria@aidro.org e sito aidro@iol.it; Eventuali segnalazioni di errori o refusi e richieste di chiarimenti sulle scelte operate dagli autori e dalla Casa Editrice possono essere inviate all indirizzo di posta elettronica della redazione. Stampa: STIGE San Mauro (TO) Edizione: I II III IV V VI Anno:

5 Business Globe Business Globe si compone di Student s Book Workbook Teacher s Book 2 CD-Audio classe 1 CD-Rom per lo Studente. Lo Student s Book è suddiviso in due parti. SEZIONE BUSINESS, articolata in due sottosezioni. Business Basics: Moduli Ogni modulo è suddiviso in quattro parti. Business theory propone la teoria commerciale con ampio ricorso a materiale autentico Business today segnala i grandi cambiamenti e le innovazioni tecnologiche in campo commerciale attraverso articoli, grafici, ecc. Business communication presenta il lessico commerciale di base e le competenze generali (impostare lettere commerciali, scrivere un CV in inglese, sostenere un colloquio di lavoro, ecc.) Esame di Stato suggerisce attività per la preparazione alla terza prova dell esame di Stato e percorsi tematici come spunti per il colloquio multidisciplinare. Business Transactions: Moduli Ogni modulo è suddiviso in tre parti. Business theory approfondisce argomenti di teoria commerciale, esamina i principali documenti commerciali e tratta gli argomenti finanziari più rilevanti Business correspondence consente di potenziare conoscenze e abilità collegate a una transazione commerciale completa Esame di Stato presenta attività per la preparazione alla prova di comprensione scritta, alla terza prova dell esame di Stato e proposte di percorsi tematici., articolata in otto files che illustrano aspetti geografici, storici, economici e culturali relativi all Unione Europea, al Regno Unito, agli Stati Uniti e al mondo della globalizzazione. CD-Rom Il Workbook è suddiviso in tre sezioni. Study skills suggerisce tecniche per lo sviluppo di abilità di studio Grammar consente il ripasso di argomenti grammaticali Module practice presenta attività scritte e orali relative alla sezione Business dello Student s Book e propone prove strutturate per la preparazione ai test di verifica. Il CD-Rom contiene attività di grammatica il filmato di un colloquio di lavoro due case studies con attività di comprensione scritta e orale tabelle di verbi irregolari, word families e un dizionario bilingue.

6 IV INDICE Business Globe Business theory: Production Commerce and trade Production 4 BUSINESS BASICS MODULE 1 Business Framework 3-42 Needs and wants 4 Goods and services 4 Factors of production 5 Sectors of production 6 Article - The price of raw materials booms in today s global economy 7 Deindustrialisation 8 Types of economic systems 10 The free market system 10 The planned system 10 The mixed economy Commerce and trade 12 Home trade 12 International trade 13 The Balance of Trade and Payments 14 Restrictions on international trade 15 Regulating international trade 16 Webpage - The WTO 16 Trading blocs: the EU, NAFTA, APEC 17 Business today: IT in business E-commerce Information technology (IT) in business 18 The information revolution 18 IT in manufacturing (CAD, CAM, CIM) 19 IT in distribution 20 How will RFID tracking work? E-commerce 22 What is e-commerce? 22 What are the main areas of e-commerce? 22 Why is e-commerce successful? 22 Article - ebay s rise to world fame 23 Business communication: Methods of communication Vocabulary builder 24 Methods of communication 24 Oral communication 26 Written communication 25 Visual communication Written communication Oral communication 36 Electronic messages 28 Text messages (sms) Telephone conversations 36 Starting a phone call 37 Asking to speak to someone 37 Leaving a message 37 Saying goodbye 37 Faxes 30 Business letters 31 Snail mail versus electronic mail 35 Face-to-face conversations 39 Introducing the topic 39 Ordering information 39 Referring to visual aids 39 Checking comprehension 39 Concluding 39 Esame di Stato activities 40 tematici 42 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 40 Article - Consumer concern over RFID tags 40 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 41 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla Il sistema produttivo La rivoluzione dei mezzi di comunicazione 42

7 Business Globe INDICE V MODULE 2 The Business World Business theory: Business organisations Business organisations 44 Sole trader 44 Webpage - Anne Herbert, photoartistry 45 Partnerships 46 Limited companies 47 Webpage - Marks&Spencer Plc: our history 48 Cooperatives 49 Article - Village people form cooperatives to save their pubs 49 Franchises 50 Webpage - Costa Coffee 51 Webarticle - Costa Coffee targets Indian tea cups 51 Integration 52 Merger 52 Joint venture 52 Acquisition or takeover 52 Webarticle - L Oréal takes over The Body Shop 53 Multinationals 54 Article - Has Coke become the new McDonald s? 55 Case study - Barilla 56 Business today: Outsourcing The world of work Outsourcing 58 The outsourcing phenomenon 58 Article - Wind from the east for outsourcing The world of work 60 The changing face of the labour market 60 Article - Work patterns in the USA 61 Article - Teleworking is popular in the UK 62 Business communication: Describing organisations and jobs Applying for a job Vocabulary builder Applying for a job 68 Company tasks 64 Company jobs 65 Describing hierarchy 66 Job adverts 68 The curriculum vitae 70 Europass 70 Writing a CV: basic principles 71 Europass curriculum vitae 72 E-application form 73 Describing responsibility: to be responsible for/to 67 Reading Letters of application 74 Writing Letter plans & phraseology 75 Writing Letters of application 76 Listening Job interviews 78 Standard phrases in interviews 79 Speaking Job interviews 80 Esame di Stato activities 82 tematici 84 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 82 Article - Answering the call in Manila 82 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 83 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla L azienda Il mondo del lavoro 84

8 VI INDICE Business Globe MODULE 3 Marketing Business theory: Marketing basics Business today: Internet marketing Mobile marketing Internet marketing Marketing basics 86 Markets 86 Kinds of markets 86 What is marketing? 87 The role of marketing 87 Market segments 88 Webarticle - Targeting the Hispanic market in the USA 89 Market research 90 Defi nition 90 Methods of market research 90 New technologies 90 Article - School students used for market research 91 The marketing mix and the four Ps 92 The product 93 The price 93 Article - Marketing foreign brands for Chinese teenagers 94 Promotion 96 Advertising media 96 The choice of advertising media 96 Article - The million dollar kid tries again 97 Place 98 Webarticle - A strong year for online retailing 99 Online marketing 100 Article - Seat Pagine Gialle targets an online market Mobile marketing 102 M-marketing 102 Webarticle - Mobile marketing in the USA 103 Business communication: Adjectives, analysing adverts Vocabulary builder 104 Adjectives Analysing adverts 106 Reading Adverts 106 Writing Adverts 107 Reading Market research online questionnaire 108 Online questionnaire - Speak Out 109 Listening Consumer panels 110 Speaking Focus groups 111 Speaking Standard phrases 111 Asking for and giving an opinion 111 Agreeing 111 Disagreeing 111 Esame di Stato activities 112 tematici 114 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 112 Article - Mobile manufacturers target India 112 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 113 Tipologia C: matching Marketing Il mondo della pubblicità 114

9 BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Business Globe INDICE A business transaction 117 VII MODULE 4 Enquiring Business theory: Foreign trade terms Payment in foreign trade Foreign trade terms 120 Sales terms 120 Incoterms 121 Incoterms categories Payment in foreign trade 124 Introduction 124 Open account 125 Bank transfer 125 Swift transfer 125 Clean bill collection 126 Bill of Exchange 127 Documentary collection 128 Documentary letter of credit (L/C) 129 Irrevocable Letter of Credit 130 Payment in advance 131 Business correspondence: Enquiries Replies to enquiries Vocabulary essentials Vocabulary extension 134 Catalogues and other printed materials 132 Easily-confused words: questioning 134 To enquire/enquiry 134 To query/query 134 Word groups 135 Campionari 135 Abbigliamento Enquiries Replies to enquiries 146 Reading General enquiries 136 Reading Specific enquiries 138 Writing Letter plan & phraseology 139 Writing Letters of enquiry 140 Reading Replies to enquiries 146 Reading Quotations 148 Writing Letter plans & phraseology 149 Writing Replies to enquiries 150 Listening Telephone replies 152 Listening Telephone enquiries 142 Speaking Talking on the telephone 144 Making a specifi c request 144 Promising to do something 144 Speaking Talking on the phone 154 Referring to an enquiry 154 Positive response 154 Negative response 154 Counteroffer 154 Esame di Stato activities 156 tematici 160 Seconda prova Prova di comprensione e produzione in lingua inglese 156 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 158 Text - Incoterms 158 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 159 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla Scambi con l estero 160

10 VIII INDICE Business Globe MODULE 5 Business theory: Trade documents Customs procedures Ordering 5.1 Trade documents Customs procedures 166 The invoice 162 An invoice 163 E-invoices 164 Trade within the EU 166 International trade outside the EU 167 Webarticle - Invoicing goes online in Denmark 165 Business correspondence: Orders Replies to orders Modification or cancellation of orders Vocabulary Placing an order 168 An order form 168 essentials Vocabulary extension Orders Replies to orders 182 Verb sets: ordering 170 Word groups 171 Types of order 171 Reading Orders 172 Reading Online order form 174 Writing Letter plans & phraseology 175 Writing Orders 176 Listening Telephone orders 178 Reading Replies to orders (1) 182 Reading Replies to orders (2) Order content 171 Size and measurement 171 Speaking Ordering on the phone 180 Referring to the order 180 Specifying the order 180 Checking details 180 Writing Letter plans & phraseology 185 Writing Replies to orders Modification or cancellation of orders 188 Reading Modification/cancellation of orders 188 Writing Letter plans & phraseology 190 Writing Modification/cancellation of orders 191 Listening Telephone orders & replies 192 An order 192 A negative reply/counteroffer 192 A modifi cation of order 193 A positive reply 193 Reporting on telephone orders 193 Speaking Telephone replies to orders 194 Referring to the order 194 Confi rming/refusing/stating inability to execute the order 194 Making a counteroffer or suggestion 194 Esame di Stato activities 196 tematici 200 Seconda prova Prova di comprensione e produzione in lingua inglese 196 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 198 Text -The EU a single market 198 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 199 Tipologia C: matching Controlli sui flussi commerciali 200

11 Business Globe INDICE IX MODULE 6 Making payments Business theory: Banking Banking 202 Banking today 202 Webarticle - Banks to shut down 100 UK branches 203 ATMs 204 Article - Bancomat with videos 205 Internet banking in Europe 206 Article - A third of the Europeans who bank online speak German 206 Fraud 207 Webarticle - Phishing up by 8,000% in the UK 207 Microcredit 208 Article - The Grameen Bank 208 Article - Banks for immigrants 209 Banking services to business 210 Current accounts 210 Deposit accounts 210 Foreign currency accounts 210 Overdrafts 211 Leasing 211 Factoring 211 Forfeiting 211 Confi rming 211 Business correspondence: Late payments and reminders Vocabulary essentials Vocabulary extension 214 Nouns and verbs related to payment 212 To pay/to pay for 212 Word sets 214 Credit 214 Stating when payment will be effected 213 Payment 215 Terms of payment Late payments and reminders 216 Reading Reminders 216 Reading Requests for an extension of credit 218 Writing Letter plans & phraseology 219 Writing Reminders and requests for an extension of credit 220 Listening Telephone conversations regarding late payment 222 Speaking Talking about late payment 224 Asking for and giving a reason for late payment 224 Making a proposal and counteroffer 224 Requesting an extension of credit 224 Stating conditions/threatening action 224 Esame di Stato activities 226 tematici 230 Seconda prova Prova di comprensione e produzione in lingua inglese 226 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 228 Article -Ten years of online banking, yet concerns persist 228 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 229 Tipologia C: matching La gestione finanziaria 230

12 X INDICE Business Globe MODULE 7 Distributing goods Business theory: Insurance Transport Insurance 232 The role of insurance companies 232 Article - Lloyd s of London 233 Types of business insurance 234 Webarticle - Insurance companies prepare for stormy weather 235 Marine insurance 236 Webarticle - MSC Napoli shipwrecked off the Devon coast Transport 238 Definition 238 Types and choice of transport 238 Changes related to the transport of goods 239 Transport in figures 239 Transport by land 240 Article - Moscow announces new plans to connect Russia to America 241 Transport by air 242 Article - Malpensa s cargo city 243 Transport by water 244 Article - European countries compete for the increase in sea traffi c from Asia 245 Documents of carriage 246 Consignment note 246 Air waybill 247 Sea transport documents 248 Bill of Lading 249 Business correspondence: Complaints and adjustments Vocabulary Transport modes 250 essentials Vocabulary extension Complaints and adjustments 254 Esame di Stato activities 264 tematici 268 Word roots 252 Common roots 252 Reading Complaints about unsatisfactory execution of an order 254 Reading Letters responding to a complaint 256 Writing Letter plans & phraseology 257 Writing Complaint & adjustments 258 Word formation 253 Common prefi xes 253 Common suffi xes 253 Listening Telephone conversations regarding complaints 260 Speaking Complaining 262 Making a complaint 262 Expressing disappointment 262 Apologising 262 Promising action 262 Seconda prova Prova di comprensione e produzione in lingua inglese 264 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 266 Article - Sace launches online bad debt insurance policies 266 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 267 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla Protezione contro i rischi Trasporti 268 WORD LIST IRREGULAR VERBS 275

13 CULTURAL CONTEXT Business Globe INDICE XI The European Union The EU at a glance 280 A timeline of the EU 282 A snapshot of the EU 284 An economic overview 286 The euro 287 The main EU institutions 288 Will Europe ever have a Constitution? 291 Euroscepticism 292 Article - With regard to Europe, we are all a bit English 293 My Europe 294 Going abroad to learn 294 A window on an EU Member State: Ireland 296 The relationship between Ireland and Britain 298 The end of the rainbow: Ireland today 299 Webpage - Ireland, the land of opportunities 300 Esame di Stato activities 302 tematici 304 Terza prova Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 302 Article - The euro 302 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 303 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla Integrazione economica La Costituzione 304 UK Geography UK facts and figures 306 The Four Nations 308 Physical features and climate 310 Postcards from Britain 312 London, a city of contrasts 314 Article - Life on the streets The British people 316 Britain, a cultural kaleidoscope 318 Aspects of multiculturalism in British society 320 Cultural identities: What makes you British? 322 Literature - Small Island (Andrea Levy) 323 UK Modern History The Industrial Revolution ( ) 326 Literature - David Copperfi eld (Charles Dickens) 328 Child labour in the UK 329 The British Empire 330 Decolonisation 332 Biography - M. K. Gandhi 332 The British Commonwealth 333 The legacy of the Empire 334 Timeline - immigration, the last 200 years 334 Webarticle - New EU migrants 335 Article - Do you want to become a British resident? Then take the Citizen test! 336 Quiz - Life in the United Kingdom th century Britain 338 World War I 339 World War II 340 Literature - A War Poem 341 The 1950s, the 1960s, the 1970s 342 The 1980s, the 1990s 343 Devolution 344 Article - The Future An independent Scottish parliament? 345 The Blair Era 346 Northern Ireland an overview 347 The Welfare State 348

14 XII INDICE Business Globe UK Economic and Politics The British economy 352 Article - Economic performance 352 Article - The infl ation rate made to measure 354 Webarticle - The BBC has used ONS fi gures to calculate a number of typical infl ation rates 355 Trade 356 Natural resources 358 Energy resources 360 Webarticle - Hydrogen buses in London Industries 362 Services 363 The system of government 364 Political structure 364 The Constitution 365 Legislative branch 366 Devolved powers 366 Executive branch 367 Judiciary 367 Esame di Stato activities 368 tematici 370 Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 368 Article - What shall we call him? Muhammed! 368 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 369 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla Il colonialismo Il Welfare 370 USA Geography USA facts and figures 372 Quiz - The USA Quiz 372 Physical features 374 Climate 376 Tornadoes 377 Article - 65 tornadoes touch down across six US States 377 American people 378 A factfi le on the US population Where American people live 380 An urban nation 380 The other face of the USA 381 Article - Elsie s story: I ll stay here until I die 381 New York 382 Interviews - I NY! 383 USA Modern History America s Industrial Revolution 386 America, a nation of immigrants 388 Immigration: a fact of American people 388 Illegal immigration 389 Webarticle - Christina s story 389 The 1920s 390 The Roaring Twenties 390 The Great Depression 391 Article - The Wall Street Crash 391 Early 20th century 392 The 1930s: the New Deal 392 The 1940s: the Age of War 392 Literature - The Grapes of Wrath (J. Steinbeck) Mid 20th century 394 The 1950s: Happy Days 394 The 1960s: the Youth Culture 394 Speech - I have a dream (M. Luther King) 395 Article - Man takes fi rst steps on Moon 395 Late 20th century 396 The 1970s: the technological age 396 The 1980s: Reaganism 396 The 1990s: the electronic age 396 The World Wide Web 397 Table - Teen Use of the Web 397 The New Millenium 398 The war in Iraq th September

15 Business Globe INDICE XIII USA Economic and Politics The US economic performance 402 International trade 403 Natural resources 404 Article - The coal which is decapitating the mountains 405 Manufacturing, science and technology 406 The service industry 407 Agriculture 408 Farming, forestry, fi shing 409 The system of government 410 Political structure 410 The President of the USA 412 The American Constitution 413 Esame di Stato activities 414 tematici 416 Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 414 Text - Multicultural USA 414 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 415 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla L immigrazione L industrializzazione 416 A Global World What is globalisation? 418 A Global language 420 English around the world - Facts & fi gures 420 Article - Will English be the global language forever? 422 Article - If you can t learn English, try Globish 423 Global technology 424 Internet, an irreversible revolution 424 Article - Italian families slow to adopt Internet 425 Global food 426 Article - Cous cous takes on pasta 426 Article - Globesity alarm Global business 428 The new multinationals 428 Global markets 429 Webarticle - Exporting sandals from Kogorocho 429 Global bourses 430 Article - Global stock market deal complete 431 Article - London Stock Exchange buys Borsa 431 Global peace 432 The United Nations 432 The globalisation debate 434 Globalisation: for and against 434 Table - Italian attitude towards globalisation 435 Esame di Stato activities 436 tematici 438 Tipologia A: trattazione sintetica di testi senza/con testo 436 Text - Low-cost Internet next step in closing the digital divide 436 Tipologia B: quesiti a risposta singola 437 Tipologia C: quesiti a scelta multipla La globalizzazione economica L evoluzione della lingua 438

16 XIV INDICE Business Globe LIST OF BUSINESS TOPICS Production 4-6 Needs and wants 4 Goods and services 4 Factors of production 5 Sectors of production 6 Deindustrialization 8-9 Types of economic systems The free market system 10 The planned system 10 The mixed economy 11 Trade Home trade 12 International trade 13 The Balance of Trade and Payments 14 Restrictions on international trade 15 Regulating international trade 16 Trading blocs (EU, NAFTA, APEC) 17 IT in business CAD, CAM, CIM 19 IT in distribution 20 E-commerce 22 Business organisations Sole traders 44 Partnerships 46 Limited companies 47 Cooperatives 49 Franchises 50 Integration Acquisition or take over 52 Merger 52 Joint venture 52 Multinationals 54 Outsourcing 58 The world of work today Marketing basics Markets 86 Marketing 87 Market segments 88 Market research 90 The marketing mix 92 Advertising media 96 Channels of distribution 98 Internet marketing 100 M-marketing 102 Foreign trade terms Sales terms 120 Incoterms 121 Payment in foreign trade Open account 125 Bank transfer 125 Bill of Exchange 126 Documentary collection 128 Letter of credit 129 Payment in advance 131 Trade documents Invoice 162 E-invoice 164 Customs procedures 166 Banking ATMs 204 Internet banking 206 Microcredit 208 Banking services to business 210 Insurance Types of business insurance 234 Marine insurance 236 Transport Types and choice of transport 238 Transport by land 240 Transport by air 242 Transport by water 244 Documents of carriage Consignment note 246 Air waybill 247 Bill of Lading 249 The European Union The Stock Exchange 430 The United Nations 432

17 BUSINESS BASICS

18 MODULE BUSINESS FRAMEWORK Business theory 1.1 Production 1.2 Commerce and trade Business today 1.3 Information technology (IT) in business 1.4 E-commerce Business communication 1.5 Vocabulary builder 1.6 Written communication 1.7 Oral communication Esame di Stato activities tematici

19 4 MODULE 1 Business theory 1.1 Production Needs and wants Economic activity takes place within societies to satisfy the needs and wants of the consumers. Useful websites economico.gov.it Needs bisogni are the things we cannot do without because they are essential for existence. The five basic needs are food, water, shelter, clothes and warmth. Wants desideri are things which are not really needed. Nobody really needs a car or a telephone, but life is much easier if you have them. Our idea of needs and wants is always changing. For example, we could live without a DVD player, a mobile phone or a dishwasher, but a lot of homes have them now. As a result, they have become part of modern life, a modern need and no longer a want. Goods and services As a result of consumers increased demands the market now offers an enormous number of different products. There are two main types of products. Goods beni are physical objects that we can see and touch. They can be divided into two categories: non-durable goods, examples: newspapers, tobacco, etc. durable goods that last much longer, examples: cars, furniture, etc. Services servizi are non-physical products. For example: tourism, education and transport. activities 1 Answer the questions. 1. What are the five basic needs? 2. How can a want become a need? 3. What is the difference between durable and non-durable goods? Give one example of each. 2 Look at the pie chart and a nswer the questions. 1. Which of the goods and services in the chart are meeting basic needs? 2. Which of the goods and services are meeting desires and wants? 3 Class discussion. How do you spend your money? What proportion do you spend on needs? And wants? Consumer spending in the EU-27 in 2007 (%) Food and non alcoholic beverages 13.1 Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics 3.8 Clothing and footwear 6.1 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 21.4 Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house 6.6 Health 3.5 Miscellaneous goods and services 9.9 Transport 13.5 Communication 2.8 Recreation and culture 9.3 Education 1 Restaurants and hotels 9 (Source: EUROSTAT)

20 Business theory 1.1 Production 5 Factors of production The resources used in the production of goods and services are: Capital the money available for investment in new machines and vehicles, new factories, etc. PRODUCTion Land includes the earth and oceans and the plants, animals and raw materials which come from them. Enterprise the people who will take the risk of setting up in business. Labour the number of people available and willing to work. The factors of production are in short supply. As a result it is important to use resources efficiently in order to maximise the output that can be produced from them. 1 Read the page. Write the English equivalents for these terms. 1. terra 2. lavoro 3. capitale 4. impresa 2 Which factors of production do these newspaper headlines refer to? Jobs threat for Intel workforce Intel, the world s biggest microchip maker, has announced it may have to make job cuts among its workforce at its UK headquarters in Swindon. 1. activities Natural resource plan published Proposals to ensure the protection of Scotland s natural heritage have been published in Edinburgh. SHOE SYSTEM HAS DESIGNS ON THE ARCTIC Two young Northern Ireland entrepreneurs have invented a shoe system which they say can cool or heat the feet, according to the temperature. Bookham plant is sold off for 5m A technology company is selling its south Devon site for nearly 5m